Insights into microbial compositions of the respiratory tract of neonatal dairy calves in a longitudinal probiotic trial through 16S rRNA sequencing.

Introduction: Probiotics are a promising intervention for modulating the microbiome and the immune system, promoting health benefits in cattle. While studies have characterized the calf lung bacterial profile with and without oral probiotics, simultaneous probiotic effects on the bacterial populations of multiple sites along the respiratory tract have not been characterized.

Methods: This study utilized the same pre-weaning diary calf group from our previous studies to characterize the bacterial populations present in the nostril and tonsil across control and treatment groups and nine sampling time points.

Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder at the Porta Hepatis Causing Hepatic Artery Stenosis and Cholestasis.

BACKGROUND Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) encompasses a group of disorders ranging from hyperplastic to malignant lymphoid proliferations in the post-transplant period owing to immunosuppression, often in the setting of EBV transformation. PTLD is a rare complication of immunosuppression that, like lymphomas, can have a variable presentation based on disease localization. We report a case of PTLD mass effect at the porta hepatis for the first time in the literature, resulting in hepatic artery stenosis (HAS) and common hepatic duct obstruction.

The fibronectin-targeting PEG-FUD imaging probe shows enhanced uptake during fibrogenesis in experimental lung fibrosis.

Progressive forms of interstitial lung diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), are deadly disorders lacking non-invasive biomarkers for assessment of early disease activity, which presents a major obstacle in disease management. Excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition is a hallmark of these disorders, with fibronectin being an abundant ECM glycoprotein that is highly upregulated in early fibrosis and serves as a scaffold for the deposition of other matrix proteins. Due to its role in active fibrosis, we are targeting fibronectin as a biomarker of early lung fibrosis disease activity via the PEGylated fibronectin-binding polypeptide (PEG-FUD).

Do community-based digital health inclusion programmes contribute to tackling health inequalities in disadvantaged population groups?: a qualitative study of experiences of a city-wide programme in the North of England.

Background: Advances in digital healthcare and health information provide benefits to the public. However, lack of digital skills together with access, confidence, trust and motivation issues present seemingly insurmountable barriers for many. Such digital health exclusion exacerbates existing health inequalities experienced by older people, people with less income, less education or who don't have English as a first language.

Intrinsic p53 activation restricts gammaherpesvirus driven germinal center B cell expansion during latency establishment.

Gammaherpesviruses are DNA tumor viruses that establish lifelong latent infections in lymphocytes. For viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus and murine gammaherpesvirus 68, this is accomplished through a viral gene-expression program that promotes cellular proliferation and differentiation, especially of germinal center B cells. Intrinsic host mechanisms that control virus-driven cellular expansion are incompletely defined.

Periodically poled aluminum scandium nitride bulk acoustic wave resonators and filters for communications in the 6G era.

Bulk Acoustic Wave (BAW) filters find applications in radio frequency (RF) communication systems for Wi-Fi, 3G, 4G, and 5G networks. In the beyond-5G (potential 6G) era, high-frequency bands (>8 GHz) are expected to require resonators with high-quality factor (Q) and electromechanical coupling ( ) to form filters with low insertion loss and high selectivity. However, both the Q and of resonator devices formed in traditional uniform polarization piezoelectric films of aluminum nitride (AlN) and aluminum scandium nitride (AlScN) decrease when scaled beyond 8 GHz.

HiCForecast: Dynamic Network Optical Flow Estimation Algorithm for Spatiotemporal Hi-C Data Forecasting.

Motivation: The exploration of the 3D organization of DNA within the nucleus in relation to various stages of cellular development has led to experiments generating spatiotemporal Hi-C data. However, there is limited spatiotemporal Hi-C data for many organisms, impeding the study of 3D genome dynamics. To overcome this limitation and advance our understanding of genome organization, it is crucial to develop methods for forecasting Hi-C data at future time points from existing time-series Hi-C data.

Evaluation of targeting accuracy of cone beam CT guided histotripsy in an porcine model.

Purpose: The application of histotripsy, an emerging noninvasive, non-ionizing, and non-thermal tumor treatment, is currently limited by the inherent limitations of diagnostic ultrasound as the sole targeting modality. This study evaluates the feasibility and accuracy of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) guidance for histotripsy treatments in an porcine model.

Materials And Methods: Histotripsy treatments were performed in the liver of seven healthy swine under the guidance of a C-arm CBCT system that was calibrated to the robotic arm of the histotripsy system.

A novel piperine derivative HJJ_3_5 inhibits colorectal cancer progression by modulating EMT signaling pathways.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a fatal cancer prevalent worldwide, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key factor in tumor invasion and metastasis. Piperine, a natural alkaloid known for its antitumor properties, faces limitations in clinical use due to its moderate potency. To address this, our team synthesized and validated a new derivative, HJJ_3_5, which has shown potent antitumor activity against CRC cells.

The Heterogeneous Presentations of De Novo and Recurrent Ocular Inflammation following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Multi-Center Report and a Review of the Literature.

Purpose: To describe the patterns of ocular inflammation following COVID-19 vaccination, assess underlying commonalities and understand outcomes.

Methods: Retrospective, multicenter cohort study, conducted between 2020 and 2021. Patients with no previous uveitis history (de novo) or a known uveitis history (recurrent) who developed ocular inflammation within 42 days of COVID-19 vaccination were identified.

Global cellular proteo-lipidomic profiling of diverse lysosomal storage disease mutants using nMOST.

Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) comprise ~50 monogenic disorders marked by the buildup of cellular material in lysosomes, yet systematic global molecular phenotyping of proteins and lipids is lacking. We present a nanoflow-based multiomic single-shot technology (nMOST) workflow that quantifies HeLa cell proteomes and lipidomes from over two dozen LSD mutants. Global cross-correlation analysis between lipids and proteins identified autophagy defects, notably the accumulation of ferritinophagy substrates and receptors, especially in and mutants, where lysosomes accumulate cholesterol.

USP9X PROMOTES LPS-INDUCED FIBROBLAST CELL APOPTOSIS, INFLAMMATION, AND OXIDATIVE STRESS BY REGULATION OF TBL1XR1 DEUBIQUITINATION.

Background: Ubiquitination and deubiquitination are involved in the progression of human diseases, including acute pneumonia. In this study, we aimed to explore the functions of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9X-linked (USP9X) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated WI-38 cells. Methods: WI-38 cells were treated with LPS to induce the cellular damage and inflammation.

Standardized pipelines support and facilitate integration of diverse datasets at the Rat Genome Database.

The Rat Genome Database (RGD) is a multispecies knowledgebase which integrates genetic, multiomic, phenotypic, and disease data across 10 mammalian species. To support cross-species, multiomics studies and to enhance and expand on data manually extracted from the biomedical literature by the RGD team of expert curators, RGD imports and integrates data from multiple sources. These include major databases and a substantial number of domain-specific resources, as well as direct submissions by individual researchers.

Association between magnetic resonance imaging use and recovery time following concussion: a CARE consortium study.

Researchers may implement magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate neurophysiological metrics (e.g. connectivity) in athletes with sports-related concussion (SRC).

Urinary Incontinence and Care Seeking Among Wisconsin Women.

Importance: Women who identify as Black or African American are underrepresented in research about pelvic floor disorders.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence of and factors associated with urinary incontinence (UI) and UI care-seeking among adult women in a Wisconsin household survey.

Study Design: This was a cross-sectional analysis of data collected by the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin (SHOW).

A Novel Polarized Light Microscope for the Examination of Birefringent Crystals in Synovial Fluid.

Background: The gold standard for crystal arthritis diagnosis relies on the identification of either monosodium urate (MSU) or calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystals in synovial fluid. With the goal of enhanced crystal detection, we adapted a standard compensated polarized light microscope (CPLM) with a polarized digital camera and multi-focal depth imaging capabilities to create digital images from synovial fluid mounted on microscope slides. Using this single-shot computational polarized light microscopy (SCPLM) method, we compared rates of crystal detection and raters' preference for image.

Wildland fire entrainment: The missing link between wildland fire and its environment.

Wildfires are growing in destructive power, and accurately predicting the spread and intensity of wildland fire is essential for managing ecological and societal impacts. No current operational models used for fire behavior prediction resolve critical fire-atmospheric coupling or nonlocal influences of the fire environment, rendering them inadequate in accounting for the range of wildland fire behavior scenarios under increasingly novel fuel and climate conditions. Here, we present a new perspective on a dominant fire-atmospheric feedback mechanism, which we term wildland fire entrainment (WFE).

Mass shootings durably increase the sale of alcohol in American communities.

Mass shootings are devastating events. Communities can cope with the ensuing trauma in a number of ways, including changing their behavioral patterns. Using point-of-sale data from 35,000 individual retailers, including more than half of all American grocery and drugstore purchases, and all American mass shootings from 2006 to 2019, we find, in a set of two-way fixed-effects counterfactual analyses, that a mass shooting in a given community (the area covered by the ZIP-3 code) predicts a significant increase in the sales of alcohol that lasts at least 2 years past the shooting.

A bioluminescent reporter bioassay for in-process assessment of chimeric antigen receptor lentiviral vector potency.

Background: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapy is a breakthrough in the field of cancer immunotherapy, wherein T cells are genetically modified to recognize and attack cancer cells. Delivery of the CAR gene is a critical step in this therapy and is usually achieved by transducing patient T cells with a lentiviral vector (LV). Because the LV is an essential component of CAR-T manufacturing, there is a need for simple bioassays that reflect the mechanism of action (MOA) of the LV and can measure LV potency with accuracy and specificity.

Polygenic risk scores for atrial fibrillation and heart failure and the risk of stroke and dementia.

Atrial fibrillation and heart failure have both been suggested to increase stroke and dementia risk. However, in observational studies, reversed causation and unmeasured confounding may occur. To mitigate these issues, this study aims to investigate if higher genetic risk for atrial fibrillation and heart failure increases dementia and stroke risk.

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Globally, industrial biotechnology addresses diverse challenges, fostering environmental conservation, sustainable development, economic growth, and innovation. Currently, there are approximately 20,922 biotech companies worldwide, including 6,653 in the US, reflecting significant growth. The global biotech market is valued at $727.

A Preliminary Study of Hearing Loss in Children With Craniosynostosis.

To describe the frequency and types of hearing loss in children with syndromic and non-syndromic craniosynostosis. Retrospective cohort study. Large tertiary pediatric hospital.