Stigma, depression, and quality of life among people with pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosed through active and passive case finding in Nepal: a prospective cohort study.

Background: The psychosocial consequences of tuberculosis (TB) are key barriers to ending TB globally. We evaluated and compared stigma, depression, and quality of life (QoL) among people with TB diagnosed through active (ACF) and passive (PCF) case-finding in Nepal.

Methods: We prospectively recruited adults with TB diagnosed through ACF and PCF in four districts of Nepal between August 2018 and April 2019.

[Environmental justice and local knowledge in the 'One Health and Citizen Science' Project].

The "One Health and Citizen Science" (OHCS) project aims to provide an integrated intervention model useful for characterising the state of environmental quality, assessing population exposure to pollutants, investigating the association between environmental risk factors and health outcomes, and measuring the impacts associated with contamination and remediation scenarios. In pursuing this objective, the activation of participatory pathways and the use of risk communication strategies are envisaged.Within the OHCS project, training and discussion meetings were planned on a number of issues deemed central.

Differences in the Clinical Severity Scores of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients across Different Phases of an Epidemic Wave in Iran: a Secondary Analysis.

Background: To reduce the clinical burden of COVID-19, healthcare providers, and policymakers need a clear understanding of the illness severity during epidemic waves. This study aimed to identify the clinical severity of patients with COVID-19 during different stages of an epidemic wave (pre-peak, peak, post-peak) in four provinces in Iran.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of the data on COVID-19 patients admitted to hospitals (25,382 cases), which were recorded in the Medical Care Monitoring Center.

Oral Health Status and Oral Healthcare System in Indonesia: A Narrative Review.

Aim: To assess the current situation regarding oral health status and system in Indonesia through the existing literature and government documents, identify challenges, and propose recommendations for the future.

Materials And Methods: A literature search was conducted from June to October 2023 through the scientific databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, including published articles from 2013 to 2023. The following main keywords were used: "Indonesia," "oral health system," "oral healthcare system," "oral health policy," "oral health promotion," "oral health coverage," and "oral health status.

Global trends of schistosomiasis burden from 1990 to 2021 across 204 countries and territories: Findings from GBD 2021 study.

Introduction: The WHO aims to eliminate schistosomiasis as a public health problem by 2030. Based on the Global Burden of Disease 2021 (GBD 2021), this study assesses the global distribution of schistosomiasis burden to guide policy and resource allocation.

Methods: Schistosomiasis burden and social-demographic indexes (SDIs) data were extracted from GBD 2021 study.

Bovine tracheal organoids for studying Mycoplasma bovis respiratory infections.

In vitro three-dimensional organoid models simulate key aspects of the structure and function of in vivo organs and have been used to study physiology, host-pathogen interactions, pathogenesis and pharmacodynamics. Although most organoid studies have been developed using human or mouse tissues, recent advancements have enabled the establishment of intestinal and respiratory tract organoids from domestic animal samples. Mycoplasma bovis causes chronic respiratory tract infections in cattle with significant health and economic consequences.

Prevalence of incomplete atypical femoral fractures using single energy absorptiometry after long term anti-resorptive therapy.

Atypical femur fractures (AFFs) have been reported with long term use of anti-resorptive drugs. Early identification is crucial because it allows early intervention to stop the progression to complete fracture, thus potentially reducing the ensuing burden. It has been shown that extending the scan image to take a full-length image of the femur (FFI) using single energy (SE) X-rays at the time of a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan can detect findings in the spectrum of AFF.

Tuberculosis in adult migrants in Europe: a TBnet consensus statement.

Introduction: Global migration has increased in recent decades due to war, conflict, persecutions, and natural disasters, but also secondary to increased opportunities related to work or study. Migrants' risk of tuberculosis (TB) differs by reasons for migration, socioeconomic status, mode of travel and TB risk in transit, TB incidence and healthcare provision in country of origin. Despite advances in TB care for migrants and new treatment strategies, decisions for the management of migrants at risk of TB often rely on expert opinions, rather than clinical evidence.

Experience and perceptions of mental ill-health in people with epilepsy in rural Ethiopia: A qualitative study.

Introduction: Understanding the lived experience of mental health and illness in people with epilepsy has been little investigated in Africa and yet is essential to inform person-centered care. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences mental ill-health in the contexts of the lives of people with epilepsy in rural Ethiopia.

Methods: A phenomenological approach was employed using in-depth individual interviews with PWE.

The unmet needs of adopting clinical decision support system among physicians in Palestinian hospitals.

Introduction: Clinical decision support system (CDSS) is an application used to aid decision-making and provide knowledge regarding treatment, diagnosis, and laboratory testing. Despite the associated benefits, the underutilization of CDSS is causing a global challenge. In Palestine, CDSS remains unimplemented, prompting a study on knowledge levels and factors influencing CDSS acceptance among physicians.

Uptake of guideline-based testing for chronic viral hepatitis in Australian primary care: retrospective analysis of electronic medical record data.

Background Diagnosis is essential for engagement in care for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and chronic hepatitis C (CHC), however, many Australians remain undiagnosed, especially for CHB. Primary care represents an important setting for testing, and this study sought to examine coverage in a large representative cohort of patients. Methods We analysed retrospective data from the electronic medical records of active patients visiting 566 primary care clinics in Victoria, Australia.

EPA guidance on lifestyle interventions for adults with severe mental illness: A meta-review of the evidence.

There is growing interest in lifestyle interventions as stand-alone and add-on therapies in mental health care due to their potential benefits for both physical and mental health outcomes. We evaluated lifestyle interventions focusing on physical activity, diet, and sleep in adults with severe mental illness (SMI) and the evidence for their effectiveness. To this end, we conducted a meta-review and searched major electronic databases for articles published prior to 09/2022 and updated our search in 03/2024.

Primary Care Referral Delays in Oral Cancer Diagnosis: A Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To measure the primary care interval (PCI) in the diagnostic delay of oral cancer and to assess the relation of the referring physician's specialty with disease stage at diagnosis.

Methods: We meta-analyzed reports of oral/oropharyngeal carcinomas detailing PCI start- and endpoints, i.e.

Building competency to deal with environmental health challenges: experiences and a proposal.

The global landscape of professional training in environmental health, encompassing ecological public health or environmental public health, lacks consistent global implementation for training programs for public health practitioners, clinical professionals, and individuals across various disciplines, as well as standardized curricula for undergraduates. This training gap is related to the overall lack of capacity in addressing the population impacts of the triple challenge of pollution, biodiversity loss, and climate change, impeding the worldwide transition to and development of ecological sustainability. This paper reviews existing approaches and their potential to address implementation challenges within the necessarily tight timescale.

A new environmental public health practice to manage current and future global health challenges through education, training, and capacity building.

Unsustainable globalisation of economic activities, lifestyles and social structures has contributed to environmental degradation, posing major threats to human health at the local and global levels. All these problems including climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss represent challenges that are unlikely to be met with existing approaches, capabilities and tools. This article acknowledges the need for well-prepared practitioners from many walks of life to contribute to environmental public health (EPH) functions thus strengthening society's capacity and capability to respond effectively and in a timely manner to such complex situations and multiple challenges.

Comparative liver transcriptome analysis in hamsters infected with food-borne trematodes Opisthorchis felineus, Opisthorchis viverrini, or Clonorchis sinensis.

Background: Epidemiologically important food-borne trematodes Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis are recognized as biological carcinogens of Group 1A, while Opisthorchis felineus is in Group 3 as noncarcinogenic to humans. Mechanisms of the biological carcinogenesis are still elusive. Some studies highlight chronic inflammation as a key factor and common pathway for cancer initiation and progression.

Locally manufactured malaria RDTs for Plasmodium vivax: A comparative study of kits approved by National Medical Products Administration in China.

Purpose: Early and accurate detection of Plasmodium vivax malaria cases is essential for preventing the re-establishment of malaria transmission in China, given the widespread distribution of Anopheles vectors that transmit vivax malaria. In this study, we aimed to compare the performance of three different commercial malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kits for screening P. vivax in China.

Deciphering the climate-malaria nexus: A machine learning approach in rural southeastern Tanzania.

Objectives: Malaria remains a critical public health challenge, especially in regions like southeastern Tanzania. Understanding the intricate relationship between environmental factors and malaria incidence is essential for effective control and elimination strategies.

Study Design: Cohort study.

Successful management of a multi-species outbreak of carbapenem-resistant organisms in Fiji: a prospective genomics-enhanced investigation and response.

Background: Fiji is a Pacific Island nation grappling with the increasing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). While genomic technologies are increasingly utilised to understand the emergence and spread of AMR globally, its application to inform outbreak responses in low- and middle-income settings has not been reported.

Methods: Through an established capacity building program, suspected carbapenem-resistant organisms (CRO) identified at Colonial War Memorial Hospital in Fiji (Jan 2022-Oct 2023) underwent whole genome sequencing and analysis.