Association between inflammatory biomarkers and the cognitive response to a multidomain intervention: secondary longitudinal analyses from the MAPT study.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the association of systemic inflammation measured by plasma biomarkers with the change in cognitive function among participants from the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT) exposed to the multidomain intervention (MI). Secondary analysis of the MAPT longitudinal data. MAPT is a randomized, placebo-controlled trial with 3 interventional groups (omega-3 only, MI only, omega-3 plus MI) and a control group.

Genetic diversity and population structure of Oncomelania hupensis in Sichuan Province, China:implications for schistosomiasis control.

Schistosomiasis, caused by the infection with Schistosoma japonicum, remains a significant public health concern in China. As the sole intermediate host of S. japonicum, the breeding and spread of Oncomelania hupensis contribute significantly to the potential risk of disease occurrence and transmission.

Low Bone Mineral Density and Associated Factors Among People Living With HIV in Kerman, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study in 2021-2022.

Chronic diseases such as osteoporosis and low bone mineral density (BMD) are significant public health concerns for people living with HIV (PLWH), especially with the increased life expectancy because of antiretroviral therapy (ART). This study evaluated the prevalence and associated factors of low BMD among 94 PLWH in Kerman, Iran, from September 2021 to February 2022. Using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, BMD was measured, with low BMD defined by specific T-scores and Z-scores.

[Recommendations for clinical practice: Prevention and management of varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection during pregnancy and the perinatal period (extended version)].

The Société de Pathologie Infectieuse de Langue Française released in 2024 a new national recommendation for clinical practice on the prevention and management of varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection during pregnancy and the perinatal period. The previous recommendation was issued in 1998, at a time of anti-VZV immunoglobulins shortage; it has hence become obsolete. This recommendation is a formalized expert consensus focusing on infectious diseases management; it is drawn up by a multidisciplinary working group (infectiologists, obstetricians, pediatricians, microbiologists, midwives, hygienists).

Effect of acute kidney injury care bundle on kidney outcomes in cardiac patients receiving critical care: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Cardiac surgery is a major contributor to acute kidney injury (AKI); approximately 22% of patients who undergo cardiac surgery develop AKI, and among them, 2% will require renal replacement therapy (RRT). AKI is also associated with heightened risks of mortality and morbidity, longer intensive care stays, and increased treatment costs. Due to the challenges of treating AKI, prevention through the use of care bundles is suggested as an effective approach.

Multiomics dissection of human RAG deficiency reveals distinctive patterns of immune dysregulation but a common inflammatory signature.

Human recombination-activating gene (RAG) deficiency can manifest with distinct clinical and immunological phenotypes. By applying a multiomics approach to a large group of -mutated patients, we aimed at characterizing the immunopathology associated with each phenotype. Although defective T and B cell development is common to all phenotypes, patients with hypomorphic variants can generate T and B cells with signatures of immune dysregulation and produce autoantibodies to a broad range of self-antigens, including type I interferons.

Impact of RSVpreF vaccination on reducing the burden of respiratory syncytial virus in infants and older adults.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes a substantial health burden among infants and older adults. Prefusion F protein-based vaccines have shown high efficacy against RSV disease in clinical trials, offering promise for mitigating this burden through maternal and older adult immunization. Employing an individual-based model, we evaluated the impact of RSV vaccination on hospitalizations and deaths in 13 high-income countries, assuming that the vaccine does not prevent infection or transmission.

Facilitators and Barriers to adherence to antiretroviral therapy among incarcerated people living with HIV in Iran: insights from a qualitative study.

Background: Ensuring consistent adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is crucial for effective HIV treatment and achieving viral suppression. Within prisons, the prevalence of HIV is notably high, and incarcerated individuals face an increased risk of transmitting the virus both during and after incarceration. However, facilitators and barriers to ART adherence among these individuals in low- and middle-income countries remain inadequately explored.

Antimicrobial Usage and Antimicrobial Resistance in Commensal from Broiler Farms: A Farm-Level Analysis in West Java, Indonesia.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat, with antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock recognized as a significant driver. This study examines farm-level AMU and AMR as well as the relationship between AMU and AMR on broiler farms in Indonesia. Data were collected from 19 farms in West Java between 2019 and 2021 to examine AMU in depth across four to five successive production cycles.

'We need to be part of the solution': lessons from the 2024 PPRI Conference on ensuring access to affordable medicines through innovative policies.

On 25-26 April 2024, the 5th PPRI (Pharmaceutical Pricing and Reimbursement Information) Conference on ensuring equitable access to affordable medicines took place in Vienna (Austria). Twenty-four accepted contributions were presented either as oral presentations or posters, adding to invited keynote lectures, stakeholder debates and workshops. The global multi-stakeholder audience discussed a range of approaches in pharmaceutical policies, which have the potential to successfully and sustainably address current and future challenges in ensuring patient access to affordable medicines globally.

Why we need a representative organization of academic PRM in Europe, and why we need it now.

The growing relevance of rehabilitation in healthcare to address increasing patient needs necessitates robust Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (PRM) integration into medical education and practice. Academic PRM, rooted in medical faculties, is vital for developing the medical speciality as an academic discipline across Europe, where it faces challenges, including limited representation in medical schools and competition for resources with established disciplines. This commentary advocates establishing a representative organization for academic PRM in Europe.

Higher FIB-4 index at baseline predicts development of liver cancer in a community-based cohort with viral hepatitis.

Hepatitis B and C (HBV and HCV) testing has been performed in Japan since 2002 and is subsidized by central and prefectural governments. A follow-up program for HBV- or HCV-infected persons was started at that time in Ishikawa Prefecture. This study analyzed the long-term follow-up data from this program.

Efficacy of Pill in Subjective Memory Complaints in Healthy Adults: a protocol of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, clinical trial.

Objectives: Subjective memory complaints, increasingly common among older adults, may indicate early cognitive decline or dementia. , a herbal medicine in Korean medicine, has shown potential cognitive benefits in preclinical studies through neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. Given limited efficacy of current pharmacological treatments for cognitive impairment and growing interest in natural products, investigating extract in humans is warranted.

Tackling the primary healthcare workforce crisis: time to talk about health systems and governance-a comparative assessment of nine countries in the WHO European region.

Background: Primary healthcare has emerged as a powerful global concept, but little attention has been directed towards the pivotal role of the healthcare workforce and the diverse institutional setting in which they work. This study aims to bridge the gap between the primary healthcare policy and the ongoing healthcare workforce crisis debate by introducing a health system and governance approach to identify capacities that may help respond effectively to the HCWF crisis in health system contexts.

Methods: A qualitative comparative methodology was employed, and a rapid assessment of the primary healthcare workforce was conducted across nine countries: Denmark, Germany, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom/ England.

Identification of a broad-inhibition influenza neuraminidase antibody from pre-existing memory B cells.

Identifying broadly reactive B precursor cells and conserved epitopes is crucial for developing a universal flu vaccine. In this study, using influenza neuraminidase (NA) mutant probes, we find that human pre-existing NA-specific memory B cells (MBCs) account for ∼0.25% of total MBCs, which are heterogeneous and dominated by class-unswitched MBCs.

Quality of care at childbirth during the COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium: a cross-sectional study based on WHO standards.

Objectives: To examine quality of maternal and newborn care (QMNC) around childbirth in facilities in Belgium during the COVID-19 pandemic and trends over time.

Design: A cross-sectional observational study.

Setting: Data of the Improving MAternal Newborn carE in the EURO region study in Belgium.

Fecal microbiota transplantation for glaucoma; a potential emerging treatment strategy.

Glaucoma is the primary cause of irreversible blindness globally. Different glaucoma subtypes are identified by their underlying mechanisms, and treatment options differ by its pathogenesis. Current management includes topical medications to lower intraocular pressure and surgical procedures like trabeculoplasty and glaucoma drainage implants.

Design, development and evaluation of registry software for upper limb disabilities.

Upper limb disabilities, if not managed, controlled and treated, significantly affect the physical and mental condition, daily activities and quality of life. Registries can help control and manage and even treat these disabilities by collecting clinical-management data of upper limb disabilities. Therefore, the aim of this study is to design, develop and evaluate a registry system for upper limb disabilities in terms of usability.

Analysis of Severe and Relapse Risks of Imported Malaria in Five Provinces of China.

Although China has achieved malaria elimination certification, the risk of malaria transmission reintroduction due to imported malaria remains. We analyzed data on imported malaria cases collected from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2021, using multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify the factors associated with severe and relapsing malaria. The odds of severe malaria were around 4-fold greater for patients who were initially diagnosed with a nonmalarial illness than for patients initially diagnosed with malaria.

The cognition, behaviours and social environment related to Clonorchis sinensis infection in China: a qualitative study.

Background: Cognition, behaviours and social environment are associated with Clonorchis sinensis infection, a prevalent liver fluke disease in China. This study aimed to use social cognitive theory (SCT) to investigate these three aspects and their interaction in an endemic area.

Methods: We conducted three semi-structured focus group discussions in Da'ao town, Jiangmen city, Guangdong Province, China.

Development of Multimodal Training Tool for Preterm Infant Care.

Objectives: Comprehensive packages for training healthcare professionals who care for premature newborns are scarce. AIIMS WHO CC, New Delhi, partnered with India Association of Neonatal Nurses (IANN) and National Neonatology Forum (NNF) and 35 national leaders in the field of newborn care to develop a multimodal educational package for preterm infants.

Methods: Findings from evaluation of four representative special newborn care units in the state of Madhya Pradesh informed the content of the package.

Gout: global epidemiology, risk factors, comorbidities and complications: a narrative review.

Background: Gout is one of the oldest known diseases and the most common form of inflammatory arthritis. The established risk factors for gout include hyperuricemia, chronic renal disease, genetic, alcohol consumption, dietary factors, diuretic use, hypertension, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Patients with gout have an increased risk of all-cause mortality, particularly from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and infectious diseases.

Barriers and facilitators of HIV partner status notification in low- and lower-middle-income countries: A mixed-methods systematic review.

Background: The uptake of HIV partner status notification remains limited in low- and lower-middle-income countries. This mixed-methods systematic review aims to summarize the barriers and facilitators of HIV partner status notification in these settings.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science from January 01, 2000, to August 31, 2023, for empirical qualitative and quantitative studies.