Contingency management for monosubstance use disorders: Systematic review and assessment of predicted versus obtained effects.

Contingency management (CM) is notably successful as a substance use disorder treatment and is most effective when targeting monosubstance use. Evidence suggests the effects of CM exceed predictions based on the value of the incentives delivered for monosubstance abstinence. In this systematic review, we examine common variations of CM interventions applied to a single substance to determine what factors may contribute to the larger effect.

The Effects of Carbonate on Candida albicans Filamentation, Biofilm Formation, and Antifungal Resistance.

Candida albicans, a member of the normal microbial population of healthy humans, is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause serious disease in immunocompromised patients. An important virulence factor of C. albicans is the formation of biofilms.

Recommendations for Integrating Traditional Birth Attendants to Improve Maternal Health Outcomes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Adverse maternal health outcomes and high rates of maternal mortality continue to disproportionately affect low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). With limited access to health facility care, many women in LMICs rely on traditional birth attendants (TBAs) to meet their maternal health needs. While some studies consider the use of TBAs to be problematic, others suggest the integration of TBAs into maternal healthcare to improve health outcomes.

The future of hypertension pharmacotherapy: Ongoing and future clinical trials for hypertension.

Hypertension is among the most prevalent diagnoses across the world and increases the risk of many serious health problems, such as stroke, heart disease, and kidney disease. Pharmacological approaches to treat hypertension are often required and reduce blood pressure through mechanisms such as vasodilation, inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway, and increased urine output to reduce blood volume, among other mechanisms. Further research is ongoing to find novel pathways and mechanisms to treat hypertension, which we summarize in this review.

Explaining key stakeholders' preferences for potential policies governing psychiatric electroceutical intervention use.

In recent years, legislators in many states have proposed laws governing the use of psychiatric electroceutical interventions (PEIs), which use electrical or magnetic stimulation to treat mental disorders. To examine how the PEI views of relevant stakeholder groups (e.g.

Floods of Egypt's Nile in the 21st century.

Extreme precipitation and flooding events are rising globally, necessitating a thorough understanding and sustainable management of water resources. One such setting is the Nile River's source areas, where high precipitation has led to the filling of Lake Nasser (LN) twice (1998-2003; 2019-2022) in the last two decades and the diversion of overflow to depressions west of the Nile, where it is lost mainly to evaporation. Using temporal satellite-based data, climate models, and continuous rainfall-runoff models, we identified the primary contributor to increased runoff that reached LN in the past two decades and assessed the impact of climate change on the LN's runoff throughout the twenty-first century.

Gender variations in 30-day outcomes following cholecystectomy in patients with biliary acute pancreatitis.

Background: Biliary acute pancreatitis (BAP) can be associated with severe morbidity and mortality. This study aims to evaluate whether gender is associated with worse 30-day postoperative outcomes following cholecystectomy for BAP.

Methods: Patients in the ACS-NSQIP database (2014-2017) with a diagnosis of BAP who underwent cholecystectomy were stratified into two groups: male and female.

Assessing horizontal gene transfer in the rhizosphere of using fabricated ecosystems (EcoFABs).

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a major process by which genes are transferred between microbes in the rhizosphere. However, examining HGT remains challenging due to the complexity of mimicking conditions within the rhizosphere. Fabricated ecosystems (EcoFABs) have been used to investigate several complex processes in plant-associated environments.

Where Fluoride Is Present, Hexafluorosilicate Might Be Encountered: Supramolecular Binding of the SiF Anion by Nanojars.

While the fact that HF etches glass is rather common chemical knowledge, the reaction of fluoride ions in an organic solvent with glassware under alkaline conditions has not yet been documented. It becomes apparent that, in general, whenever any fluorine-containing material is handled in silicon-based glassware, the possible presence of SiF should be considered regardless of the pH of the reaction medium. Subsequent to the initial, inadvertent synthesis by the reaction of CuF with laboratory glassware, hexafluorosilicate-entrapping supramolecular assemblies (nanojars) of the formula [SiF⊂{-Cu(μ-OH)(μ-pz)} ] ( ; = 28, 30, 32, 34) were rationally prepared by the reaction of Cu with pyrazole (Hpz) in the presence of a base and SiF ions or by combining with HSiF or HF.

How do we justify research into enhanced warfighters?

State militaries have strong interests in developing enhanced warfighters: taking otherwise healthy service personnel (soldiers, marines, pilots, etc.) and pushing their biological, physiological, and cognitive capacities beyond their individual statistical or baseline norm. However, the ethical and regulatory challenges of justifying research into these kinds of interventions to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of enhancements in the military has not been well explored.

Primary anaplastic T-cell lymphoma of the omentum presenting as small bowel obstruction and complicated with Massilia timonae infection: a case report.

Background: Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma primarily involving the omentum is an extremely rare entity with variable clinical presentation. Owing to its rarity and nonspecific clinical manifestation, omental T-cell lymphoma is often diagnosed at a later stage, riddled with complications. While imaging modalities such as computed tomography scan can help a physician reach a diagnosis, cases that present with complications may require a multidisciplinary approach that combines surgical exploration along with consultation from Oncology.

Oncogenic EML4-ALK assemblies suppress growth factor perception and modulate drug tolerance.

Drug resistance remains a challenge for targeted therapy of cancers driven by EML4-ALK and related fusion oncogenes. EML4-ALK forms cytoplasmic protein condensates, which result from networks of interactions between oncogene and adapter protein multimers. While these assemblies are associated with oncogenic signaling, their role in drug response is unclear.

The role of the primary healthcare research community in addressing the social and structural determinants of health: a call to action from NAPCRG 2023.

The need for effective primary healthcare to address social and structural determinants of health and to mitigate health inequalities has been well established. Here, we report on the international forum of the 2023 NAPCRG (formerly known as North American Primary Care Research Group) Annual Meeting. The aim of the forum was to develop principles for action for the primary healthcare research community on addressing social and structural determinants of health.

Disentangling gender, sex, and biology: a mixed methods study of gender identity data collection tools.

Objectives: We used community-based mixed methods to test whether transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people preferred gender identity questions developed by community members over current questions in use and generate hypotheses about data collection preferences.

Methods: We interviewed twenty TGD adults in English and Spanish, asking them to rate and discuss their responses to questions. We analyzed quantitative data with descriptive statistics and qualitative data with template analysis, then integrated them.

Consequences of Legal Infractions on the General Surgery Residency Application Process.

Objective: Alcohol and drug-related legal infractions are common among college and medical students. The objective of this work is to quantify the influence of these legal infractions on program directors (PDs) when making decisions on applicants to general surgery residencies.

Design: A convenience sample of 72 PDs with publicly accessible email addresses were electronically sent a previously piloted survey tool.

Self-Directed-Team Learning (SDTL) in Medical Education.

To prepare for the complex and evolving world of clinical practice, medical students must acquire a large body of knowledge, become proficient pursuing self-directed learning (SDL), and learn to collaborate effectively in teams. We propose an innovative educational approach that fosters these competencies and was inspired by both SDL and team-based learning (TBL), called self-directed-team learning (SDTL).

Metatarsophalangeal Joint Instability: Anatomy and Physiopathology.

Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) instability is a common cause of metatarsalgia of the lesser toes. Instability often presents as pain in the plantar forefoot, progressing to coronal and transverse plane malalignment. MTP joint dislocation can develop in some cases.

RESNA and CTF position on the application of supported standing devices: Current state of the literature.

Supported standing devices are often used to maintain a standing position by people with difficulty or inability to ambulate or stand for a period of time. Supported standing programs are first implemented by healthcare professionals with goals to impact health and function. This paper intends to update previous position on wheelchair standing devices by the Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Association of North America, and was written in conjunction with the Clinician Task Force.

Gunshot Residue Deposition With and Without Firearm Suppressors (Silencers).

Forensic pathologists recognize the importance of estimating the range of fire for gunshot entrance wounds. Classically described ranges of fire include contact, close range, medium (or intermediate) range, and indeterminate (or distant) range. The presence or absence of gunshot residue (smoke/soot and/or gunpowder) and the characteristics of the gunshot residue are evaluated in order to estimate the range of fire.

Cephalomedullary Nail Lag Screw Migration Following Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of an Intertrochanteric Femur Fracture in a Patient With Body Mass Index of 63.

Hip fractures are prevalent among the elderly population and are correlated with notable morbidity and mortality. Treatment with intramedullary nails has risen in popularity with good results, however complications can occur. We report on a 62-year-old female with a body mass index of 63 kg/m who presents with cephalomedullary nail lag screw migration following an open reduction and internal fixation of an intertrochanteric fracture, which was subsequently converted to a hip hemiarthroplasty after hardware failure of her cephalomedullary nail.

Plasmodium ovale Malaria in Travelers and Immigrants to the United States: A Case Series.

Malaria in child travelers caused by Plasmodium ovale spp. is less well characterized than malaria due to other Plasmodium species. Commonly used diagnostic tests often lack adequate sensitivity to identify P.

Protocol to induce cell labeling in vivo and to trace labeled hematopoietic cells using mouse models.

A combination of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)- and endothelial cell (EC)-lineage-tracing mouse models enables us to determine blood cell origins. We present a protocol to induce cell labeling in vivo and to trace labeled hematopoietic cells to segregate their origins. We describe the steps for harvesting various hematopoietic tissues, antibody staining, and analyzing the Tomato+ percentages within each immune cell population.

Impact of Family Structure on Adolescent Depression Outcomes in a Collaborative Care Program.

Introduction/objectives: We aimed to investigate the effect of family structure on depression program outcomes for adolescents enrolled in a depression-focused, primary care-based collaborative care program.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of primary care patients ages 12 to 18 years seen at a Midwestern academic center with data obtained by medical record review. We used logistic regression models to assess the effect of family structure on program graduation and achievement of a single Patient Health Questionnaire 9-Modified for Adolescents (PHQ-9M) score <5 at any time while enrolled.