Anticoagulation during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To determine the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation for maintaining extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in people of all ages with cardiac or respiratory failure, or both.

Association Between Positive Airway Pressure Therapy and Healthcare Costs Among Older Adults with Comorbid Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Common Chronic Conditions: An Actuarial Analysis.

Study Objectives: To determine the association between adherence to positive airway pressure and healthcare costs among a national sample of older adults with comorbid OSA and common chronic conditions.

Methods: Our data source was a random sample of Medicare administrative claims for years 2016-2019. Inclusion criteria included age >65 years and new diagnosis of OSA.

Complete Response with Immunotherapy Alone after Discontinuing VEGF Inhibitor in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report.

Unlabelled: Bevacizumab and atezolizumab combination is one of the preferred combinations for managing advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while the evidence on monotherapy with either agent is not convincing. We present a case of a man in his 50s diagnosed with HCC with spinal metastases who showed a good response to combination therapy. However, he developed severe proteinuria and hypertension secondary to bevacizumab, which had to be discontinued after 18 cycles.

A simple phylogenetic approach to analyze hypermutated HIV proviruses reveals insights into their dynamics and persistence during antiretroviral therapy.

Hypermutated proviruses, which arise in a single Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) replication cycle when host antiviral APOBEC3 proteins introduce extensive guanine to adenine mutations throughout the viral genome, persist in all people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, hypermutated sequences are routinely excluded from phylogenetic trees because their extensive mutations complicate phylogenetic inference, and as a result, we know relatively little about their within-host evolutionary origins and dynamics. Using >1400 longitudinal single-genome-amplified HIV sequences isolated from six women over a median of 18 years of follow-up-including plasma HIV RNA sequences collected over a median of 9 years between seroconversion and ART initiation, and >500 proviruses isolated over a median of 9 years on ART-we evaluated three approaches for masking hypermutation in nucleotide alignments.

Developing a Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine.

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are driving innovation in biosciences and are already affecting key elements of medical scholarship and clinical care. Many schools of medicine are capitalizing on the promise of these new technologies by establishing academic units to catalyze and grow research and innovation in AI/ML. At Stanford University, we have developed a successful model for an AI/ML research center with support from academic leaders, clinical departments, extramural grants, and industry partners.

ShaderNN: A Lightweight and Efficient Inference Engine for Real-time Applications on Mobile GPUs.

Inference using deep neural networks on mobile devices has been an active area of research in recent years. The design of a deep learning inference framework targeted for mobile devices needs to consider various factors, such as the limited computational capacity of the devices, low power budget, varied memory access methods, and I/O bus bandwidth governed by the underlying processor's architecture. Furthermore, integrating an inference framework with time-sensitive applications - such as games and video-based software to perform tasks like ray tracing denoising and video processing - introduces the need to minimize data movement between processors and increase data locality in the target processor.

Understanding the regulatory-procurement interface for medicines in Africa via publicly available information on standards, implementation, and enforcement in five countries.

Background: Substandard and falsified medicines in Africa are a major public health concern. Access to quality medical products in African countries is governed in large part by two major entities at the national level: the regulatory authority and the procurement agency. The importance of national regulators in ensuring quality medical products is well known.

Axatilimab.

Each month, subscribers to receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services.

TBAT-Catalyzed Dioxasilinane Formation from Beta-Hydroxy Ketones.

Beta-hydroxy ketones can be reduced using a sequence of ruthenium-catalyzed silyl etherification followed by tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) promoted intramolecular hydrosilylation. Switching from TBAF to tetrabutylammonium difluorotriphenylsilicate (TBAT), even without first forming the silyl ether, gave cyclic dioxasilinane products. These somewhat sensitive compounds could be isolated pure by column chromatography using florisil as the stationary phase.

The role of information science within the clinical translational science ecosystem.

Academic health sciences libraries ("libraries") offer services that span the entire research lifecycle, positioning them as natural partners in advancing clinical and translational science. Many libraries enjoy active and productive collaborations with Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Program hubs and other translational initiatives like the IDeA Clinical & Translational Research Network. This article explores areas of potential partnership between libraries and Translational Science Hubs (TSH), highlighting areas where libraries can support the CTSA Program's five functional areas outlined in the Notice of Funding Opportunity.

Informing a sinusitis clinical trial protocol: A focus group study with clinicians and staff.

This study investigates practicing clinician and staff perspectives on potential protocol modifications for the "Nasal Irrigation, Oral Antibiotics, and Subgroup Targeting for Effective Management of Acute Sinusitis" (NOSES) study, a pragmatic randomized controlled trial aiming at improving acute rhinosinusitis management. Focus groups with clinicians and staff at the pretrial stage recommended expanding participant age inclusion criteria, incorporating patients with COVID-19, and shortening the supportive care phase. Participants also discussed patient engagement and recruitment strategies.

Stakeholder Perspectives on the Role of Peer Mentors in the Implementation of Long-Acting Antiretroviral Therapy for Use by Adolescents and Young People in Western Kenya: Findings from a Formative Study, KuwaFree! LiveFree!

Long-acting antiretroviral treatment (LA ART) is a forthcoming option for adolescents and young people living with HIV (AYPLHIV), but perspectives on using peer mentors to implement LA ART for AYPLHIV are unknown. We conducted seven focus group discussions ( = 58 participants) from November 2021 to April 2022 in Kenya with four stakeholder groups, including AYPLHIV, healthcare providers, advocates, and policymakers. We used inductive coding and thematic analysis.

Overweight, obesity, and cardiovascular disease in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: the EAS FH Studies Collaboration registry.

Background And Aims: Overweight and obesity are modifiable risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in the general population, but their prevalence in individuals with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and whether they confer additional risk of ASCVD independent of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) remains unclear.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 35 540 patients with HeFH across 50 countries, in the EAS FH Studies Collaboration registry. Prevalence of World Health Organization-defined body mass index categories was investigated in adults (n = 29 265) and children/adolescents (n = 6275); and their association with prevalent ASCVD.

UV Light Exposure Induces a Type I Interferon Dependent Activation and Migration of Inflammatory Dendritic Cells to Local Lymph Nodes.

Objective: Photosensitivity occurs in ~75% of lupus patients. Although ultraviolet light radiation (UVR) stimulates Type I interferon (IFN-I) in the skin, how UVR induced skin inflammation leads to downstream effects is poorly understood. Tissue inflammation causes DC to migrate from organs to draining lymph nodes (dLN) including a recently identified inflammatory DC subset (inf cDC2) that are potent antigen presenting cells.

Evaluation of the Toxicity and Outcomes of the Combination of Midostaurin and CLAG-M in Patients With FLT3-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis.

Background: Addition of midostaurin to standard "7+3" (cytarabine and anthracycline) significantly prolongs overall and event-free survival. At University of Washington/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center (UW/FHCC), the standard regimen for newly diagnosed (ND) and relapsed/refractory (R/R) AML is cladribine, high-dose cytarabine, GCSF, and mitoxantrone (CLAG-M); midostaurin is added if FLT3-mutated. There is limited data on the use of FLT3-inhibitors with high-dose cytarabine regimens in AML.

Proteomic signature of HIV-associated subclinical left atrial remodeling and incident heart failure.

People living with HIV are at higher risk of heart failure and associated left atrial remodeling compared to people without HIV. Mechanisms are unclear but have been linked to inflammation and premature aging. Here we obtain plasma proteomics concurrently with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in two independent study populations to identify parallels between HIV-related and aging-related immune dysfunction that could contribute to atrial remodeling and clinical heart failure.

Autonomic features of craniofacial neuralgias: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

The aim of the study is to describe the severity, temporal characteristics, and types of autonomic features as they relate to the characteristics of pain of the neuralgias. Also, to describe, based on literature, how these autonomic features can affect the treatment outcomes of patients with craniofacial neuralgias. We carried out a literature search using five databases, PubMed, Embase, OVID, Scopus and Web of Science.

Validation of the Contraception-Focused Preference-Aligned Fertility Management Index in Uganda and Nigeria.

Objective: To evaluate construct validity of the contraception-focused "Preference-aligned Fertility Management" (PFM) Index, a new person-centered and rights-based outcome measure, in Nigeria and Uganda.

Study Design: We analyzed survey data from convenience samples of new users of contraception and non-users of contraception in Uganda and users of contraception in Nigeria. PFM Index scores were calculated by combining two indicators: Indicator 1 assessing alignment between desire to use contraception and actual use; Indicator 2 evaluating whether users' current methods are desired.

Proximity and Prior Medical Engagement Influence Follow-Up After Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.

Objective: Post-repair surveillance of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) is critical for detecting potential complications. Substantial loss to follow-up has been reported in populations undergoing elective endovascular aortic repair (EVAR); however, there is limited data on follow-up rate among patients presenting with rupture. Thus, we investigated follow-up trends and factors influencing retention at a major academic referral center with a wide service area.

What is the clinical importance of radiographic changes around the humeral component in anatomic shoulder arthroplasty? A minimum 4-year follow-up study.

Background: While stress shielding and adaptive bone changes around the humeral component are often observed after shoulder arthroplasty, the potential causative factors and clinical significance of these findings at mid-term follow-up have not been well elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency, patterns and clinical significance of radiographic findings around the humeral component of total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) and hemiarthroplasty (HA) at minimum 4-year follow-up.

Methods: The 6-week and minimum 4-year radiographs of patients who underwent HA and TSA were evaluated for filling ratios, changes in the humeral bone surrounding the component, and component shift or subsidence.

Social vulnerability and child food insecurity in developed countries: A systematic review.

Food insecurity (FI) is a serious public health concern in economically developed countries, mainly due to unequal resource distribution. Identifying social vulnerability factors (i.e.

Statistical harmonization of versions of measures across studies using external data: self-rated health and self-rated memory.

Purpose: Harmonizing variables for constructs measured differently across studies is essential for comparing, combining, and generalizing results. We developed and fielded a brief survey to harmonize Likert and continuous versions of measures for two constructs, self-rated health and self-rated memory, for use in studies of French older adults.

Methods: We recruited 300 participants from a French memory clinic in 2023 to answer both the Likert and continuous versions of self-rated health and self-rated memory questions.