Therapeutic development to accelerate malaria control through intentional intervention layering.

The clinical development of novel vaccines, injectable therapeutics, and oral chemoprevention drugs has the potential to deliver significant advancements in the prevention of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. These innovations could support regions in accelerating malaria control, transforming existing intervention packages by supplementing interventions with imperfect effectiveness or offering an entirely new tool. However, to layer new medical tools as part of an existing programme, malaria researchers must come to an agreement on the gaps that currently limit the effectiveness of medical interventions for moderate to low transmission settings.

Plastome data provides new insights into population differentiation and evolution of Ginkgo in the Sichuan Basin of China.

Background: Ginkgo biloba L., an iconic living fossil, challenges traditional views of evolutionary stasis. While nuclear genomic studies have revealed population structure across China, the evolutionary patterns reflected in maternally inherited plastomes remain unclear, particularly in the Sichuan Basin - a potential glacial refugium that may have played a crucial role in Ginkgo's persistence.

The genetics of non-syndromic dentinogenesis imperfecta: a systematic review.

Purpose: This systematic review aims to consolidate existing genetic and clinical data on non-syndromic dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) to enhance understanding of its etiology.

Methods: Electronic databases were searched for genetic familial linkage studies published in English without time restrictions. Genetic familial linkage studies that reported cases of Shield's classifications: DI-II, DI-III or DD-II were included.

Predictive equation derived from 6,497 doubly labelled water measurements enables the detection of erroneous self-reported energy intake.

Nutritional epidemiology aims to link dietary exposures to chronic disease, but the instruments for evaluating dietary intake are inaccurate. One way to identify unreliable data and the sources of errors is to compare estimated intakes with the total energy expenditure (TEE). In this study, we used the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water Database to derive a predictive equation for TEE using 6,497 measures of TEE in individuals aged 4 to 96 years.

Ultrasensitive ctDNA detection for preoperative disease stratification in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma.

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection can predict clinical risk in early-stage tumors. However, clinical applications are constrained by the sensitivity of clinically validated ctDNA detection approaches. NeXT Personal is a whole-genome-based, tumor-informed platform that has been analytically validated for ultrasensitive ctDNA detection at 1-3 ppm of ctDNA with 99.

Bronchial structural changes analyzed with three-dimensional computed tomography correlate with severe acute graft-versus-host disease after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Severe acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) can occur during allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), causing considerable morbidity and mortality. Although several biomarkers have been reported for predicting acute GVHD, they are often difficult to measure in routine clinical practice. Recently, three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) has been used to quantify the detailed bronchial structure, which might correlate with acute GVHD.

Dietary Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds oil supplementation augments growth performance and gut microbial composition in Labeo rohita fingerlings.

The present study investigates the supplemental effects of chia seed oil (CSO) on the growth performance and modulation of intestinal microbiota in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Four diets were formulated with graded levels of CSO: 1.0%, 2.

Dysregulated autoantibodies targeting AGTR1 are associated with the accumulation of COVID-19 symptoms.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents a wide spectrum of symptoms, the causes of which remain poorly understood. This study explored the associations between autoantibodies (AABs), particularly those targeting G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and renin‒angiotensin system (RAS) molecules, and the clinical manifestations of COVID-19. Using a cross-sectional analysis of 244 individuals, we applied multivariate analysis of variance, principal component analysis, and multinomial regression to examine the relationships between AAB levels and key symptoms.

Robust collection and processing for label-free single voxel proteomics.

With advanced mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, genome-scale proteome coverage can be achieved from bulk tissues. However, such bulk measurement lacks spatial resolution and obscures tissue heterogeneity, precluding proteome mapping of tissue microenvironment. Here we report an integrated wet collection of single microscale tissue voxels and Surfactant-assisted One-Pot voxel processing method termed wcSOP for robust label-free single voxel proteomics.

Video versus Direct Laryngoscopy for Tracheal Intubation Following Cardiac Arrest: a Secondary Analysis of the DEVICE Trial.

Background: Airway management is a critical component of the care of patients experiencing cardiac arrest, but data from randomized trials on the use of video vs direct laryngoscopy for intubation in the setting of cardiac arrest are limited. Current AHA guidelines recommend placement of an endotracheal tube either during CPR or shortly after return of spontaneous circulation but do not provide guidance around intubation methods, including the choice of laryngoscope.

Research Question: Does use of video laryngoscopy improve the incidence of successful intubation on the first attempt, compared to use of direct laryngoscopy, among adults undergoing tracheal intubation after experiencing cardiac arrest?

Study Design And Methods: This secondary analysis of the Direct versus Video Laryngoscope (DEVICE) trial compared video laryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy in the subgroup of patients who were intubated following cardiac arrest.

Vaccination Strategies for Ebola in the Democratic Republic of Congo: The WHO-Ebola Modeling Collaboration.

Objectives: Assess the effectiveness of ring vaccination in controlling an Ebola virus outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Methods: This analysis focuses on two areas of the Democratic Republic of Congo, Beni and Butembo/Katwa, which were affected during the 2018-2020 Ebola outbreak. To simulate Ebola virus transmission, we used a spatially explicit agent-based model with households, health care facilities, and Ebola treatment units.

"That's not fair on my kid": Carers' perspectives on sport participation and experiences for children in out-of-home care.

Children in out-of-home care participate in less organised sport than children from other household structures, potentially reducing opportunities for improvements in social, developmental, and health outcomes. Despite this, little is known about barriers and facilitators of sport participation for children in care. We aimed to explore carers' perspectives on the influences on children in care's participation and experiences in organised sport.

Long-acting, progestin-based contraceptives and risk of breast, gynecological, and other cancers.

Background: Use of long-acting, reversible contraceptives has increased over the past 20 years, but an understanding of how they could influence cancer risk is limited.

Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study among a national cohort of Australian women (n = 176 601 diagnosed with cancer between 2004 and 2013; 882 999 matched control individuals) to investigate the associations between the levonorgestrel intrauterine system, etonogestrel implants, depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate and cancer risk and compared these results with the oral contraceptive pill. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Numerical simulation of fluid-structure interaction analysis for the performance of leaflet reimplantation with different types of artificial graft.

Background And Objective: In clinical practice, valve-sparing aortic root replacement surgery primarily addresses left ventricular dysfunction in patients due to severe aortic regurgitation, but there is controversy regarding the choice of surgical technique. In order to investigate which type of valve-sparing aortic root replacement surgeries can achieve better blood flow conditions, this study examines the impact of changes in the geometric morphology of the aortic root on the hemodynamic environment through numerical simulation.

Methods: An idealized model of the aortic root was established based on data obtained from clinical measurements, including using the model of the aortic root without significant lesions as the control group (Model C), while using surgical models of leaflet reimplantation with tubular graft (Model T), leaflet reimplantation with Valsalva graft (Model V), and the Florida sleeve procedure (Model F) as the experimental groups.

A paradigm shift for evaluating natural attenuation of radioactive iodine in soils and sediments: Species-specific mechanisms and pathways.

The primary approach to assessing monitored natural attenuation (MNA) is currently based on a conceptual model utilizing the total contaminant concentrations, assuming a single aqueous species. However, many contaminants, such as metals and radionuclide - including iodine, can exist in multiple species that behave chemically differently in the environment and can exist simultaneously. For example, radioiodine often occurs concurrently as three major aqueous species: iodide (I), iodate (IO), and organo-I, which undergo distinct attenuation pathways and exhibit markedly different mobility and geochemical behavior.

Tenecteplase for the Treatment of Pediatric Arterial Ischemic Stroke: A Safety Surveillance Report.

Objectives: Intravenous tenecteplase (TNK) is increasingly used to treat adult patients with acute arterial ischemic stroke, but the risk profile of TNK in childhood stroke is unknown. This study aims to prospectively gather safety data regarding TNK administration in children.

Methods: Since December 2023, a monthly email survey was sent to participants recruited from the International Pediatric Stroke Study and Pediatric Neurocritical Care Research Group querying recent experience with TNK in childhood stroke.

Critical behavioral traits foster peer engagement in Online Mental Health Communities.

Online Mental Health Communities (OMHCs), such as Reddit, have witnessed a surge in popularity as go-to platforms for seeking information and support in managing mental health needs. Platforms like Reddit offer immediate interactions with peers, granting users a vital space for seeking mental health assistance. However, the largely unregulated nature of these platforms introduces intricate challenges for both users and society at large.

Rural Roads to cognitive Resilience (RRR): A prospective cohort study protocol.

Background: Ambient air pollution, detrimental built and social environments, social isolation (SI), low socioeconomic status (SES), and rural (versus urban) residence have been associated with cognitive decline and risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Research is needed to investigate the influence of ambient air pollution and built and social environments on SI and cognitive decline among rural, disadvantaged, ethnic minority communities. To address this gap, this cohort study will recruit an ethnoracially diverse, rural Florida sample in geographic proximity to seasonal agricultural burning.

3D printing of different fibres towards HA/PCL scaffolding induces macrophage polarization and promotes osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.

With the rise of bone tissue engineering (BET), 3D-printed HA/PCL scaffolds for bone defect repair have been extensively studied. However, little research has been conducted on the differences in osteogenic induction and regulation of macrophage (MPs) polarisation properties of HA/PCL scaffolds with different fibre orientations. Here, we applied 3D printing technology to prepare three sets of HA/PCL scaffolds with different fibre orientations (0-90, 0-90-135, and 0-90-45) to study the differences in physicochemical properties and to investigate the response effects of MPs and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on scaffolds with different fibre orientations.

Guidance on selecting and evaluating AI auto-segmentation systems in clinical radiotherapy: insights from a six-vendor analysis.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) based auto-segmentation has demonstrated numerous benefits to clinical radiotherapy workflows. However, the rapidly changing regulatory, research, and market environment presents challenges around selecting and evaluating the most suitable solution. To support the clinical adoption of AI auto-segmentation systems, Selection Criteria recommendations were developed to enable a holistic evaluation of vendors, considering not only raw performance but associated risks uniquely related to the clinical deployment of AI.

Anticoagulation during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To determine the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation for maintaining extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in people of all ages with cardiac or respiratory failure, or both.

Association Between Positive Airway Pressure Therapy and Healthcare Costs Among Older Adults with Comorbid Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Common Chronic Conditions: An Actuarial Analysis.

Study Objectives: To determine the association between adherence to positive airway pressure and healthcare costs among a national sample of older adults with comorbid OSA and common chronic conditions.

Methods: Our data source was a random sample of Medicare administrative claims for years 2016-2019. Inclusion criteria included age >65 years and new diagnosis of OSA.

Complete Response with Immunotherapy Alone after Discontinuing VEGF Inhibitor in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report.

Unlabelled: Bevacizumab and atezolizumab combination is one of the preferred combinations for managing advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while the evidence on monotherapy with either agent is not convincing. We present a case of a man in his 50s diagnosed with HCC with spinal metastases who showed a good response to combination therapy. However, he developed severe proteinuria and hypertension secondary to bevacizumab, which had to be discontinued after 18 cycles.

A simple phylogenetic approach to analyze hypermutated HIV proviruses reveals insights into their dynamics and persistence during antiretroviral therapy.

Hypermutated proviruses, which arise in a single Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) replication cycle when host antiviral APOBEC3 proteins introduce extensive guanine to adenine mutations throughout the viral genome, persist in all people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, hypermutated sequences are routinely excluded from phylogenetic trees because their extensive mutations complicate phylogenetic inference, and as a result, we know relatively little about their within-host evolutionary origins and dynamics. Using >1400 longitudinal single-genome-amplified HIV sequences isolated from six women over a median of 18 years of follow-up-including plasma HIV RNA sequences collected over a median of 9 years between seroconversion and ART initiation, and >500 proviruses isolated over a median of 9 years on ART-we evaluated three approaches for masking hypermutation in nucleotide alignments.