Sarcopenic obesity and brain health: A critical appraisal of the current evidence.

Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a body composition phenotype derived from the simultaneous presence in the same individual of an increase in fat mass and a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and/or function. Several protocols for the diagnosis of SO have been proposed in the last two decades making prevalence and disease risk estimates of SO heterogeneous and challenging to interpret. Dementia is a complex neurological disorder that significantly impacts patients, carers and healthcare systems.

Real-World Treatment Patterns and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Multiple Myeloma Previously Treated With Lenalidomide and an Anti-CD38 Monoclonal Antibody.

Background: This analysis explored real-world characteristics, treatment patterns and clinical outcomes in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) previously treated with lenalidomide and an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and requiring subsequent treatment.

Materials And Methods: The PREAMBLE and Connect MM prospective registries of patients with multiple myeloma (MM), and the US nationwide Flatiron Health electronic health record-derived de-identified database were analysed. MM-specific treatment patterns (prior/index therapies) and outcomes (progression-free survival [PFS]/overall survival [OS]) were assessed.

Accuracy of Survey-Based Assessment of Eligibility for Medication Abortion Compared to Clinician Assessment.

Background: With increasingly restricted access to facility-based abortion in the United States, pregnant people are increasingly relying on models of care that utilize history-based or no-test approaches to eligibility assessment. Minimal research has examined the accuracy of abortion patients' self-assessment of eligibility for medication abortion using their health history, a necessary step towards ensuring optimal access to history-based or no-test models, as well as potential over-the-counter access.

Objective: To examine the accuracy of pregnant people's eligibility for medication abortion determined using their self-reported health history as compared to clinician assessment with ultrasound and other tests.

The Association of HLA-E Ligand and NKG2 Receptor Variation with Relapse and Mortality after Haploidentical Related Donor Transplantation.

Background: Recurrence of blood malignancy is the major cause of mortality after hematopoietic cell transplantation. NKG2 receptor/HLA-E ligand complexes play a fundamental role in the surveillance and elimination of transformed cells but their role in the control of leukemia in transplantation is unknown.

Objective: We tested the hypothesis that gene variation of patient and/or donor HLA-E ligand and donor NKG2C-NKG2A receptors are associated with the risks of relapse and mortality (primary endpoints) and GVHD and non-relapse mortality (secondary endpoints) after haploidentical transplantation.

A spatiotemporal and machine-learning platform facilitates the manufacturing of hPSC-derived esophageal mucosa.

Human pluripotent stem cell-derived tissue engineering offers great promise for designer cell-based personalized therapeutics, but harnessing such potential requires a deeper understanding of tissue-level interactions. We previously developed a cell replacement manufacturing method for ectoderm-derived skin epithelium. However, it remains challenging to manufacture the endoderm-derived esophageal epithelium despite possessing a similar stratified epithelial structure.

RBBP6 anchors pre-mRNA 3' end processing to nuclear speckles for efficient gene expression.

Pre-mRNA 3' processing is an integral step in mRNA biogenesis. However, where this process occurs in the nucleus remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that nuclear speckles (NSs), membraneless organelles enriched with splicing factors, are major sites for pre-mRNA 3' processing in human cells.

Clinical Outcomes With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients With FGFR2/3, MTAP or ERBB2 Genomic Alterations in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma.

Background: FGFR2/3, MTAP and ERBB2 genomic alterations have treatment targets in advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC). These alterations may affect tumor microenvironment and outcomes with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in aUC.

Patients And Methods: We identified patients with available genomic data in our multi-institution cohort of patients with aUC treated with ICI.

Feasibility of a randomized controlled trial of enteral vs intravenous resuscitation for adults with major burn injuries in Nepal.

Introduction: Enterally-based resuscitation (EResus) is safe, efficacious, and has operational advantages, particularly in low-resource settings. However, there is a lack of real-world effectiveness studies and evidence-based protocols, which hinders implementation. To address this gap, we conducted a feasibility study ahead of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of enterally based versus usual resuscitation at a tertiary burn center in Nepal which had no prior clinical trial experience.

Effect of marine anoxia on the conversion of macroalgal biomass to refractory dissolved organic carbon.

The input of macroalgal biomass into the deep sea is a crucial process for macroalgal carbon sequestration, but this process may be affected by anoxia. We compared the breakdown of kelp biomass in both normoxic (>4 mg/L O) and anoxic (<2 mg/L O) environments. Following 240 days of decomposition experiment, complete degradation of the kelp biomass occurred in normoxic conditions, whereas under anoxic conditions, relatively 13.

tagtango: an application to compare single-cell annotations.

Summary: In this article, we present tagtango, an innovative R package and web application designed for robust and intuitive comparison of single-cell clusters and annotations. It offers an interactive platform that simplifies the exploration of differences and similarities among different clustering and annotation methods. Leveraging single-cell data analysis and different visualizations, it allows researchers to dissect the underlying biological differences across groups.

Safety of accessing brachial veins for large-bore upper extremity venous thrombectomy using ClotTriever Thrombectomy System.

Purpose: To evaluate access site adverse events following ClotTriever-mediated large-bore mechanical thrombectomy via small upper extremity deep veins (< 6-mm).

Materials And Methods: Twenty patients, including 24 upper extremity venous access sites, underwent ClotTriever-mediated large-bore thrombectomy of the upper extremity and thoracic central veins for symptomatic deep vein obstruction unresponsive to anticoagulation. Patients without follow-up venous duplex examinations (n = 3) were excluded.

Opioid-Sparing Protocols in Hand Surgery: Successes and Opportunities.

The opioid epidemic has been a defining crisis in American health care. Many attempts to address the epidemic have focused on issues around opioid prescribing. Legislation at the state and federal levels has been passed; however, the results from these policies have been mixed.

Approach to Lipid Management in the Patient with Diabetes.

Diabetes is associated with increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Disordered lipid metabolism is a major contributor to ASCVD risk in diabetes. Dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes is characterized by hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol and the presence of small, dense LDL particles.

Predictors of Peripheral Retinal Non-Perfusion in Clinically Significant Diabetic Macular Edema.

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a significant cause of vision loss. The development of peripheral non-perfusion (PNP) might be associated with the natural course, severity, and treatment of DME. The present study seeks to understand the predictive power of central macular changes and clinico-demographic features for PNP in patients with clinically significant DME.

A Case of Application of Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Technology and Extended Reality Surgical Assistance to Marginal Mandibulectomy.

Mandibular gingival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common oral cancer after tongue cancer. As these carcinomas often invade the mandible early, accurately defining the resection extent is important. This report highlights the use of preoperative virtual surgery data, computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology, surgical guidance, and extended reality (XR) support in achieving highly accurate marginal mandibulectomy without recurrence or metastasis.

A Scalable Approach to Internet of Things and Industrial Internet of Things Security: Evaluating Adaptive Self-Adjusting Memory K-Nearest Neighbor for Zero-Day Attack Detection.

The Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) have drastically transformed industries by enhancing efficiency and flexibility but have also introduced substantial cybersecurity risks. The rise of zero-day attacks, which exploit unknown vulnerabilities, poses significant threats to these interconnected systems. Traditional signature-based intrusion detection systems (IDSs) are insufficient for detecting such attacks due to their reliance on pre-defined attack signatures.

Correction: Dekker, S.E.; Deng, L. Clinical Advances and Challenges in Targeting KRAS Mutations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. 2024, , 3885.

In the original publication [...

Radiosurgery for Intracranial Meningiomas: A Review of Anatomical Challenges and an Update on the Evidence.

Radiation has been used to treat meningiomas since the mid-1970s. Traditionally, radiation was reserved for patients unfit for major surgery or those with surgically inaccessible tumors. With an increased quantity and quality of imaging, and an aging population, there has been a rise in incidentally diagnosed meningiomas with smaller tumors at diagnosis time.

Assessing the Nutrient Composition of a Carnivore Diet: A Case Study Model.

Background/objectives: The rise in chronic metabolic diseases has led to the exploration of alternative diets. The carnivore diet, consisting exclusively of animal products, has gained attention, anecdotally, for imparting benefit for inflammatory conditions beyond that possible by other restrictive dietary approaches. The aim was to assess the micronutrient adequacy of four versions of the carnivore diet against national nutrient reference values (NRVs).

How Do Gepotidacin and Zoliflodacin Stabilize DNA-Cleavage Complexes with Bacterial Type IIA Topoisomerases? 2. A Single Moving Metal Mechanism.

DNA gyrase is a bacterial type IIA topoisomerase that can create temporary double-stranded DNA breaks to regulate DNA topology and an archetypical target of antibiotics. The widely used quinolone class of drugs use a water-metal ion bridge in interacting with the GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase. Zoliflodacin sits in the same pocket as quinolones but interacts with the GyrB subunit and also stabilizes lethal double-stranded DNA breaks.