Imaging Flow Cytometric Identification of Chromosomal Defects in Paediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia.

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is the most common childhood malignancy that remains a leading cause of death in childhood. It may be characterised by multiple known recurrent genetic aberrations that inform prognosis, the most common being hyperdiploidy and t(12;21) . We aimed to assess the applicability of a new imaging flow cytometry methodology that incorporates cell morphology, immunophenotype, and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) to identify aneuploidy of chromosomes 4 and 21 and the translocation .

The Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire and Quality of Life: A Longitudinal Study in Parkinson's Disease.

Background/objectives: Objective memory decline is associated with poor quality of life (QOL) in Parkinson's disease (PD, but it is unclear what role perception of memory (metamemory) plays. The Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire (MMQ) measures metamemory and is proposed to have a three-factor structure, but the factor structure of the MMQ in PD has not been explored. The current study examined (i) the factor structure of the MMQ in PD and (ii) the relationship between the metamemory and QOL in PD.

Experimental Biomechanics of Neonatal Brachial Plexus Avulsion Injuries Using a Piglet Model.

Background: A brachial plexus avulsion occurs when the nerve root separates from the spinal cord during birthing trauma, such as shoulder dystocia or a difficult vaginal delivery. A complete paralysis of the affected levels occurs post-brachial plexus avulsion. Despite being reported in 10-20% of brachial plexus birthing injuries, it remains poorly diagnosed during the acute stages of injury, leading to poor intervention approaches.

Efficient Degradation of Industrial Biowaste via In-Vessel Composting-Technical and Microbial Assessments.

In this study, a pilot-scale in-vessel composter was used to treat a mixture of industrial biowaste, with soybean curd residue and saw dust as the major substrates. The composter is capable of treating up to 350 tons/month of waste, producing up to 150 tons/month of high-quality compost within a retention time of 7-10 days. The final compost has an average nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium content of 6%, moisture content of 28%, pH of 6.

Artificial Intelligence Transforming Post-Translational Modification Research.

Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) are covalent changes to amino acids that occur after protein synthesis, including covalent modifications on side chains and peptide backbones. Many PTMs profoundly impact cellular and molecular functions and structures, and their significance extends to evolutionary studies as well. In light of these implications, we have explored how artificial intelligence (AI) can be utilized in researching PTMs.

Exploring the Potential Imaging Biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease Using Machine Learning Approach.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and neuropsychiatric symptoms resulting from the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Dopamine transporter scan (DATSCAN), based on single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), is commonly used to evaluate the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the striatum. This study aims to identify a biomarker from DATSCAN images and develop a machine learning (ML) algorithm for PD diagnosis.

Intravascular Imaging as a Performance Measure for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Background: Intravascular imaging (IVI) is widely recognized to improve outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, IVI is underutilized and is not yet established as a performance measure for quality PCI.

Methods: We examined temporal trends of IVI use for all PCIs performed at Veterans Affairs hospitals in the United States from 2010 to 2022 using retrospective observational cohorts.

The Carnivoran Adaptive Landscape Reveals Trade-offs among Functional Traits in the Skull, Appendicular, and Axial Skeleton.

Analyses of form-function relationships are widely used to understand links between morphology, ecology, and adaptation across macroevolutionary scales. However, few have investigated functional trade-offs and covariance within and between the skull, limbs, and vertebral column simultaneously. In this study, we investigated the adaptive landscape of skeletal form and function in carnivorans to test how functional trade-offs among these skeletal regions contribute to ecological adaptations and the topology of the landscape.

Integrated health and nutrition approaches to school feeding: maximising future human capital in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Integrated health and nutrition packages in schools have been shown to be a cost-effective approach to support children's well-being and academic achievement; yet few countries adequately invest in promoting such integration. School feeding programmes in Latin America are among the best-established, with some of the largest scale and coverage in the world. National School Meal programmes in Latin America and the Caribbean benefit over 80.

Coordinated regulation of two LacI family regulators, GvmR and GvmR2, on guvermectin production in .

Guvermectin, a purine nucleoside natural product produced by the genus S, has recently been registered as a new biopesticide to boost rice yield. Despite its economic and agricultural significance, the regulatory mechanisms of guvermectin biosynthesis remain essentially unknown, hindering industrial production and widespread agricultural application. Here, we examined the roles of two LacI family regulators, and , located within and adjacent to the guvermectin biosynthesis cluster, respectively, in guvermectin production in NEAU6.

Bioethics Principles in Machine Learning-Healthcare Application Design: Achieving Health Justice and Health Equity.

Health technologies featuring artificial intelligence (AI) are becoming more common. Some healthcare AIs are exhibiting bias towards underrepresented persons and populations. Although many computer scientists and healthcare professionals agree that eliminating or mitigating bias in healthcare AIs is needed, little information exists regarding how to operationalize bioethics principles like autonomy in product design and implementation.

Synthetic data in generalizable, learning-based neuroimaging.

Synthetic data have emerged as an attractive option for developing machine-learning methods in human neuroimaging, particularly in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-a modality where image contrast depends enormously on acquisition hardware and parameters. This retrospective paper reviews a family of recently proposed methods, based on synthetic data, for generalizable machine learning in brain MRI analysis. Central to this framework is the concept of domain randomization, which involves training neural networks on a vastly diverse array of synthetically generated images with random contrast properties.

Biodepot Launcher: an app to install, manage and launch bioinformatics workflows.

We present the Biodepot Launcher, a desktop application that facilitates installation, management and deployment of bioinformatics workflows using the Biodepot-workflow-builder (Bwb). With the new app, Bwb can be started by double-clicking on an icon, eliminating the need for typing cryptic start up commands into the terminal. This creates an end-to-end graphical and easy-to-use interface to manage and launch containerized workflows on the local computer or cloud instances.

Roles of endoplasmic reticulum stress and activating transcription factors in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a crucial organelle associated with cellular homeostasis. Accumulation of improperly folded proteins results in ER stress, accompanied by the reaction involving triggering unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is mediated through ER membrane-associated sensors, such as protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1α, and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6).

Assessment of upper extremity functional capacity in following osteosynthesis for upper limb fractures using a novel method for determining total reachable workspace.

Objective: This study aimed to assess reachable workspace (RWS) in patients post-osteosynthesis of shoulder, elbow, or wrist fractures and explore correlations with self-reported function and kinesiophobia.

Design: An observational case-control study compared patients with fractures to a control group, utilizing questionnaires and 3D kinematic data.

Participants: The sample included 66 individuals who had undergone osteosynthesis: 21 with shoulder fractures, 10 with elbow fractures, and 22 with wrist fractures.

Fertilizer potential of biochar and ryegrass productivity in metal-contaminated soil.

Introduction: Response to fertilization with biochar in contaminated soils for forage crops lacks comprehensive understanding. This study delves into the role of biochar in enhancing soil pH and phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) availability for ryegrass () in clay and silt loam metal-contaminated soils.

Methods: Two pot experiments were conducted using switchgrass-derived biochar (SGB) and poultry litter-derived biochar (PLB) with varying biochar application rates: one without plants and the other with ryegrass.

Effective Use of a Combined Video Laryngoscope and Bronchoscope System in the Emergency Department for a Patient With Severe Upper Airway Obstruction Due to Angioedema: A Case Report.

Management of difficult airways in the emergency department is challenging. Herein, we report a case of successful management of severe upper airway obstruction caused by angioedema, where intubation was achieved using a dual-function video laryngoscope and bronchoscope system in the emergency department for a patient with severe upper airway stenosis due to angioedema. A 74-year-old obese man with dyspnea presented to our emergency department.

Regeneration of the skin wound by two different crosslinkers: and studies.

Objectives: For designing a suitable hydrogel, two crosslinked Alginate/ Carboxymethyl cellulose (Alg/CMC) hydrogel, using calcium chloride (Ca) and glutaraldehyde (GA) as crosslinking agents were synthesized and compared.

Materials And Methods: All samples were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Blood compatibility (BC), Blood clotting index (BCI), weight loss (WL), water absorption (WA), pH, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Cell viability and cell migration were investigated using the MTT assay and the wound scratch test, respectively.

Childhood executive control and adolescent substance use: Mediation via parent-child relationship quality.

Objective: The goal of the current study was to test prospective direct and indirect associations between preschool executive control (EC), parental affective quality and harsh discipline, and adolescent substance use (e-cigarettes, cannabis, and alcohol) while accounting for participants' age, sex, family history of substance use, and family socioeconomic status.

Method: Participants were 313 youth (49% boys; 70.9% European American) and their parents who participated in a longitudinal cohort-sequential study on the development of EC in preschool and its associations with subsequent health outcomes.

Methylmercury in subarctic amphibians: environmental gradients, bioaccumulation, and estimated flux.

Rapid warming in polar regions is causing large changes to ecosystems, including altering environmentally available mercury (Hg). Although subarctic freshwater systems have simple vertebrate communities, Hg in amphibians remains unexplored. We measured total Hg (THg) in wetland sediments and methylmercury (MeHg) in multiple life-stages (eggs to adults) of wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) and larval boreal chorus frogs (Pseudacris maculata) from up to 25 wetlands near Churchill, Manitoba (Canada), during the summers of 2018-2019.

Computational design of highly signalling-active membrane receptors through solvent-mediated allosteric networks.

Protein catalysis and allostery require the atomic-level orchestration and motion of residues and ligand, solvent and protein effector molecules. However, the ability to design protein activity through precise protein-solvent cooperative interactions has not yet been demonstrated. Here we report the design of 14 membrane receptors that catalyse G protein nucleotide exchange through diverse engineered allosteric pathways mediated by cooperative networks of intraprotein, protein-ligand and -solvent molecule interactions.

Salt-in-presalt electrolyte solutions for high-potential non-aqueous sodium metal batteries.

Room-temperature non-aqueous sodium metal batteries are viable candidates for cost-effective and safe electrochemical energy storage. However, they show low specific energy and poor cycle life as the use of conventional organic-based non-aqueous electrolyte solutions enables the formation of interphases that cannot prevent degradations at the positive and negative electrodes. Here, to promote the formation of inorganic NaF-rich interphases on both negative and positive electrodes, we propose the salt-in-presalt (SIPS) electrolyte formulation strategy.

Outcomes Following Fenestrated/Branched Endovascular Aortic Repair for Failed Open Infrarenal Aortic Repair Compared with Primary Fenestrated/Branched Endovascular Aortic Repair.

Objective: As aneurysmal disease is progressive, proximal disease progression and para-anastomotic aneurysms are complications experienced after open infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (AAA). As such, fenestrated or branched endovascular repair (F/BEVAR) may be indicated in these patients. Data describing fenestrated endovascular aneurysm repair after prior open repair are limited to institutional databases.