Drug Development.

Background: Genetic studies indicate a causal role for microglia, the innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite the progress made in identifying genetic risk factors, such as CD33, and underlying molecular changes, there are currently limited treatment options for AD. Based on the immune-inhibitory function of CD33, we hypothesize that inhibition of CD33 activation may reverse microglial suppression and restore their ability to resolve inflammatory processes and mitigate pathogenic amyloid plaques, which may be neuroprotective.

Drug Development.

Background: Differences in patient characteristics across geographical regions may result in heterogeneity in clinical trial populations. evoke (NCT04777396) and evoke+ (NCT04777409) are two phase 3, multinational, randomised trials investigating semaglutide versus placebo in individuals with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) (early AD). We present baseline characteristics across the geographical regions in evoke/evoke+.

Drug Development.

Background: Alzheimer's disease is the most dreaded multifactorial neurological illness for which there is currently no known treatment. Although the exact cause of AD is still unknown, several factors related to lifestyle, genetics, and environment are known to have a significant role in the disease's development. Alzheimer's disease is characterized by neuronal loss, neurofibrillary tangles, and senile plaques.

Drug Development.

Background: evoke and evoke+ are phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled trials currently investigating the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist semaglutide as disease-modifying therapy (DMT) in persons with early Alzheimer's disease (AD). How the evoke and evoke+ trial populations compare with other phase 3 programs for DMTs in early AD has not been described.

Method: We compare the inclusion/exclusion criteria and baseline characteristics of the evoke/evoke+ trial populations with those of Clarity AD (lecanemab) and TRAILBLAZER-ALZ-2 (donanemab): two recent phase 3 trials assessing anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies in persons with early AD.

Drug Development.

Real-World data platforms for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) offer a unique opportunity to improve health equity through better understanding of health disparities and inclusivity in research, which is critical to translatability of research findings. AD research in the US and globally remains largely inaccessible to many individuals due to individual-level, study-level, investigator-level and larger systemic barriers. ALZ-NET, a US-based registry to evaluate longitudinal outcomes of patients being evaluated for or treated with novel FDA-approved AD therapy, and New IDEAS, an observational US-based longitudinal study of amyloid PET clinical utility, both offer opportunities for examining care, inclusivity, and disparities.

Drug Development.

Background: Hypertension is a risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia. Anti-hypertensives (AHT) are commonly used in old age, but their association with cognition and brain pathology is not well understood.

Method: To investigate the relation of AHT with change in cognitive function and postmortem brain pathology, we evaluated 4,207 older persons without known dementia at enrollment and a subset of 1880 participants who died and came to autopsy.

Drug Development.

Background: We report the case of a 79-year-old woman with Alzheimer's disease who enrolled in a clinical study of lecanemab. After the third, biweekly infusion she suffered a seizure followed by aphasia and progressive encephalopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed multifocal cerebral edema and an increased burden of cerebral microhemorrhages compared to pre-trial imaging.

Drug Development.

Background: Dementia, a growing health crisis, disproportionally affects persons from racial/ethnic backgrounds and individuals with comorbidities. Latelife change in cognition is complex and nonlinear, as well as differential for these individuals. These individuals are also largely underrepresented in clinical trials.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Using artificial intelligence approaches enable automated assessment and analysis of speech biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease, for example using chatbot technology. However, current chatbots often are unsuitable for people with cognitive impairment. Here, we implemented a user-centred-design approach to evaluate and improve usability of a chatbot system for automated speech assessments for people with preclinical, prodromal and early dementia.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: To support informal caregivers of persons with dementia (PwD), it is fundamental to understand how objective and subjective indicators of care burden are interrelated. This study used psychometric network analyses to explore care burden indicators and extend current models of care in informal caregivers of PwDs.

Methods: Baseline data from an intervention study of 170 informal caregivers of community-dwelling PwDs was used.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Facial emotion recognition testing in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients has been identified as key for early detection and as a marker for disease progression. Emotion recognition remains one of the most difficult domains to assess in culturally diverse populations due to a lack of culturally adapted tools. This study assessed the feasibility of a cross-cultural test for emotion recognition, the TIE-93, in French and North African populations living in France.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Participatory research or patient and public involvement refer to the process of actively involving people with lived experience into the research process to improve its relevance, quality, and impact. In the PART project we aim to establish a sustainable structure to include underrepresented patient groups with neurodegenerative diseases into a patient advisory board for research. As one of our milestones, we conducted a systematic literature review with the aim of examining the impact of participatory research on people involved, such as those with cognitive impairment, caregivers, and researchers.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Previous trials reported that collaborative Dementia Care Management (cDCM) could be effective for patients and caregivers and cost-effective for healthcare systems in the short term. However, long-term evidence is lacking. Therefore, the study's objective was to determine the long-term efficacy and cost-effectiveness of cDCM compared with usual care.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: The cognitive reserve (CR) theory seeks to explain the mismatch often reported between brain damage and its clinical expression. Unlike most previous studies that focused on individuals with memory deterioration before the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the present study examined the late stages of the disease. The study sought to confirm the hypothesis that patients with higher CR are diagnosed later and decline faster than those with lower CR because their brain pathology is more severe.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Approximately 1.8 million individuals in Germany live with dementia, imposing a substantial burden on family caregivers who provide most care and often experience health issues, social isolation, and diminished quality of life. Recognizing and addressing the diverse needs of these caregivers is vital for their well-being and the stability of care arrangements.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Environmental factors account for a considerable percentage of dementia cases. Studies in animal models have shown that environmental enrichment (EE; i.e.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Promising elements of assistive technologies are available to help people with cognitive impairment in their daily lives. However, there has been limited research on how smartwatches can directly interact with persons who have cognitive impairments. We looked at the factors that affect the effectiveness of interventions provided via a smartwatch.

Simultaneous Concentration and T Mapping of Brain Metabolites by Fast Multi-Echo Spectroscopic Imaging.

The purpose of this study was to produce metabolite-specific T and concentration maps in a clinically compatible time frame. A multi-TE 2D MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) experiment (multi-echo single-shot MRSI [MESS-MRSI]) deployed truncated and partially sampled multi-echo trains from single scans and was combined with simultaneous multiparametric model fitting. It was tested in vivo for the brain in five healthy subjects.

Dementia Care Practice.

With the approval of disease modifying treatments for Alzheimer's Disease, the practice of dementia care and treatment has changed. Amyloid related imaging changes, are the most common adverse effects of these types of drugs. There is limited guidance across multiple specialties on how to recognize and manage these changes in a dementia patient population.

Technology and Dementia Preconference.

Background: Timely diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is crucial for early interventions, but its implementation is often challenging due to the complexity and time burden of required cognitive assessments. Remote unsupervised self-testing of cognition can potentially addres this health care challenge. We conducted the to date largest evaluation of feasibility and experienced added value of unsupervised digital remote assessment in primary and specialized health care in Germany.

Dementia Care Practice.

Background: Treatment with monoclonal antibodies against amyloid-β slowed cognitive decline in recent randomized clinical trials in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, trial eligibility criteria may affect generalizability to clinical practice.

Methods: We extracted eligibility criteria for trials of aducanumab, lecanemab and donanemab from published reports, and applied these to participants with MCI and early clinical AD dementia from the population-based Rotterdam Study.

Technology and Dementia Preconference.

Background: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is associated with sleep disturbances. Moreover, individuals with sleep disturbances have been reported to have a higher risk for developing AD. The measurement of sleep behavior therefore opens the opportunity for a potential digital biomarker of AD.

Technology and Dementia Preconference.

Background: Semantic memory refers to knowledge of attributes associated with common objects. Quantifying the strength of semantic association between successive 'animal' fluency responses can be challenging. The current research assessed between-group differences for 'animal' fluency total output and selected verbal serial list learning, episodic memory measures.

Variant Pseudocystic Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor With Heterologous Mullerian Cysts.

A desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) presented in a 13-year-old female with an acute abdomen due to torsion of a fallopian tube cyst. She was found to have an incidental 2 cm pedunculated, solid, and multicystic mass attached to the pelvic floor on laparoscopy. The neoplasm had a variably myxoid and spindle cell pattern with nests and cords of small cells, forming pseudocysts, and true cysts lined by ciliated epithelium which were PAX-8+ and ER+/PR+.

Technology and Dementia Preconference.

Background: There is an urgent need for neuropsychological screening tests that are easily deployed and reliable. We have developed a digital neuropsychological screening protocol that is administered on a tablet, automatically scored using artificial intelligence, and requires approximately 10 minutes to administer. This tablet-administered protocol assesses the requisite neurocognitive constructs associated with emergent neurodegenerative illness METHOD: The digital protocol was administered to 77 ambulatory care/ memory clinic patients (Table1).