Association of Serum Prolactin With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study From South India.

Background:  The association of serum prolactin (PRL) with diabetes is still uncertain, with a paucity of data in the south Indian population. This study aims to compare the serum PRL levels between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and normoglycaemic volunteers and correlate the serum PRL level with fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose (PPG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, and the lipid profile in the study population.

Methods:  This was a comparative cross-sectional study among 112 T2DM participants and 112 healthy volunteers in a tertiary care centre in India.

Luteinizing hormone β-subunit deficiency: Report of a novel LHB likely pathogenic variant and a systematic review of the published literature.

Context: Selective deficiency of β-subunit of luteinizing hormone (LHB) is a rare disease with scarce data on its characteristics.

Objectives: To describe a male with LHB deficiency and systematically review the literature.

Design And Patients: Description of a male patient with LHB deficiency and a systematic review of LHB deficiency patients published to date (10 males and 3 females) as per PRISMA guidelines.

Paraneoplastic neurological syndrome: growing spectrum and relevance.

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNSs) are group of disorders affecting one or multiple parts of the neuroaxis associated with underlying tumors. An antibody or autoantigen-specific cell-mediated immune response against neural antigen expressed in the tumor is the potential etiology for these rare but refractory disorders. In recent years, wide variety of neurological presentations and autoantibodies has been associated with paraneoplastic autoimmunity, leading to formulation of an updated expert consensus PNS diagnostic criteria.

Correlations Between Inflammatory Biomarkers in Tuberculosis-Associated Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients With Anxiety and Depression.

Introduction Tuberculosis-associated obstructive pulmonary disease (TOPD), anxiety, and depression are significant public health problems worldwide and their prevalence is common. These diseases interfere with physical, psychosocial, and economic well-being, resulting in unemployment, prolonged hospitalization, abstinence from working, and isolation. Subjects and methods This is a single-center, cross-sectional cohort, observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital over six years to understand spirometry, laboratory profiles, as well as the impact on overall health, daily life, and perceived well-being in patients with TOPD.

Audit of Motor Vehicle Accidents at a Trauma Center.

Background Motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) are the leading cause of accidental deaths in India. An audit of trauma cases is required in order to improve hospital policy and patient care, as well as to change the attitude and perspective of healthcare staff. Methods A retrospective observational study was performed on MVA trauma victims admitted to a tertiary trauma care center.

Adverse Events Following COVID-19 Vaccination in Selected Apartments in Bangalore, India.

Background Vaccination has provided a ray of hope in combating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vaccines were rolled out as an emergency measure, with an expedited approval process. The available clinical trial data reveals the fact that vaccines mostly produce mild adverse events following immunization (AEFIs).

Trauma to Thrombus: A Case Report of Internal Jugular Vein Thrombosis.

Internal jugular vein (IJV) thrombosis is associated with several etiologies. Trauma is a rarely recorded causative factor. This case presents one such example of how trauma causes IJV thrombosis.

Inter-Fractional Variations in Volume and Radiation Dose to the Organs at Risk, High-Risk Clinical Target Volume and Implication of Image-Guided Adaptive Planning During Intracavitary Brachytherapy of Carcinoma Cervix.

Background Geometrical and anatomical variations occur during the brachytherapy of carcinoma cervix and dose optimization is necessary for every fraction of high‑dose rate intracavitary brachytherapy (HDR-ICBT) for carcinoma of the cervix. A single planned treatment is usually delivered for multiple fractions without consideration of inter-fractional applicator positioning variations and organ motion, which may lead to substantial differences between the planned and delivered doses Aim and objectives This study was aimed at evaluating the inter-fractional variation in volume and radiation dose to organs at risk during ICBT for cervical cancer. Furthermore, the doses to high-risk clinical target volume (HRCTV) and the role of adaptive planning in ICBT were assessed.

Deep Vein Thrombosis in Lepromatous Leprosy: A Case Report of Secondary Pediatric Antiphospholipid Syndrome.

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by thromboembolic events, fetal loss during pregnancy, and evidence of antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies such as beta-2-glycoprotein I (B2-GPI) and anticardiolipin (aCL). The diagnosis and treatment of this condition in the pediatric population have limited literature evidence due to the rarity of the condition in this age group. Guidelines have been adopted from the adult counterpart of the affected population, thereby giving rise to diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

17α-Hydroxylase/17,20-Lyase Deficiency in 46,XY: Our Experience and Review of Literature.

Context: There are more than 100 pathogenic variants in that have been identified in patients with 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency (17OHD).

Objective: We aimed to describe 46,XY patients with 17OHD from our center and review the literature.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed genetically proven index cases of 17OHD from our 46,XY disorders of sex development cohort and reviewed similar cases from the literature (n = 150).

17β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 deficiency in 46,XY disorders of sex development: Our experience and a gender role-focused systematic review.

Objectives: To describe Asian Indian patients with 17β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 (17βHSD3) deficiency and to perform a systematic review to determine the factors influencing gender role in 46,XY disorder of sex development (DSD) due to 17βHSD3 deficiency.

Patients And Design: We present the phenotypic and genotypic data of 10 patients (9 probands and 1 affected family member) with 17βHSD3 deficiency from our 46,XY DSD cohort (N = 150; Western India) and a systematic review of 152 probands with genetically proven, index 17βHSD3 deficiency patients from the world literature to identify the determinants of gender role.

Results: 17βHSD3 deficiency was the third most common (6%) cause of non-dysgenetic 46,XY DSD in our cohort.

Does Hamstring Graft Size Affect Functional Outcome and Incidence of Revision Surgery After Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction?

Purpose The primary outcome measure of this study was to determine the effect of hamstring graft size on the functional outcome of arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) and the secondary outcome was to ascertain the effect on revision surgery at the two-year follow-up. Methods This is a prospective comparative study of 144 consecutive patients undergoing primary ACL reconstruction using a hamstring autograft. All patients underwent graft harvesting and ACL reconstruction with the standard technique.

Comparative Analysis of Radiological Evaluation and Early Functional Outcomes of Total Knee Arthroplasty Using an Accelerometer-Based Handheld Navigation System and Conventional Instrumentation: A Prospective Study.

Background An accelerometer-based handheld navigation system (HHNS) for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) does not require a large console needed for computer-assisted navigation systems and has been shown to decrease component malalignment in TKA. The study aimed to use HHNS with conventional instrumentation to compare the radiological evaluation and functional outcomes of TKA. Materials and methods This was a multi-surgeon, prospective, assessor-blinded comparative study of 122 patients undergoing unilateral TKA.

Regional genotypic variations in normosmic congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: our experience and systematic review.

Purpose: To describe phenotype-genotype data of Asian-Indian normosmic congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (nCHH) from our centre and perform a systematic review of genetic studies using next-generation sequencing (NGS) in nCHH.

Methods: Sixty-eight nCHH probands from our center, and 370 nCHH probands from published studies were included. Per-patient genetic variants were analyzed as per ACMG guidelines.

Clinical Spectrum of Adrenal Cushing's Syndrome and the Caution for Interpretation of Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone: A Single-Center Experience.

Unlabelled: To describe the differences in presentation, biochemistry, and radiological evaluation of various etiologies of adrenal Cushing's syndrome (CS) from a single center. To emphasize caution for interpretation of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), as a spuriously unsuppressed ACTH level by immunometric assay may lead to therapeutic misadventures in adrenal CS.

Design:  Retrospective, single-center, observational study.

Comparison of LRINEC Scoring System with Finger Test and Histopathological Examination for Necrotizing Fasciitis.

 Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a life-threatening condition requiring urgent attention. It is clinically difficult to diagnose, linked to severe systemic toxicity, and has poor prognosis. In 2001, Andreasen and coworkers described the "Finger test" for the diagnosis of NF.

Pathogenesis, Immunology and Management of Dermatophytosis.

Dermatophytic infections of the skin and appendages are a common occurrence. The pathogenesis involves complex interplay of agent (dermatophytes), host (inherent host defense and host immune response) and the environment. Infection management has become an important public health issue, due to increased incidence of recurrent, recalcitrant or extensive infections.

The continuum of art and rheumatology: a discernment of mutual inclusivity.

Art has been an integral part of the field of medicine, and has served, since the beginning of the time, in its development. This literature review explores the deep relationship between art and medicine through history, and how they are inextricably linked. Even during this current era and evolution, art has found its way in the different aspects of medicine from academic literature, digital health, and medical curriculum.

Spinal intramedullary tuberculoma in a 3-year-old girl.

Background: Spinal intramedullary tuberculoma (IMT) is a rare manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Presentation of TB in the pediatric age group is a significant contributor to mortality.

Case Description: A young vaccinated girl presented to the neurosurgery department with difficulty walking and urinary incontinence.

Cerebral venous thrombosis with a catch.

Background: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare entity typically occurring in patients in hypercoagulable states. They can also occur in cases of trauma. The symptoms are nonspecific.

A comparative study evaluating the dose volume parameters in 3D conformal radiation of left sided whole breast irradiation including regional lymphnodes - a need of resource constrained countries.

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare four 3D conformal radiation techniques in treatment of left breast cancer patients.

Materials And Methods: Radiation was planned for 20 patients to the left breast and regional lymph nodes using four techniques: partially wide tangents, photon-photon mix, photon-electron mix and 30/70 photon-electron mix. All plans were evaluated for internal mammary nodes (IMN) coverage, hotspot and normal tissue constraints.

The Association of Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Abnormal Glucose Tolerance, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by and is the second leading infectious cause of death worldwide. The higher prevalence of pulmonary TB in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a well-known fact. The inverse relationship is also being increasingly recognized.

GNRH1 Variants in Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism: Single-Center Experience and Systematic Literature Review.

Objective: As GNRH1 genotype-phenotype correlation in CHH is not well studied, we aim to describe the GNRH1 variants in our CHH cohort and present a systematic review as well as genotype-phenotype analysis of all mutation-positive cases reported in the world literature.

Design: This is a retrospective study of GNRH1 mutation-positive patients from a western Indian center. PRISMA guidelines-based PubMed search of the published literature of all GNRH1 mutation-positive patients was conducted.

Exonic WT1 pathogenic variants in 46,XY DSD associated with gonadoblastoma.

Objective: The literature regarding gonadoblastoma risk in exonic Wilms' tumor suppressor gene (WT1) pathogenic variants is sparse. The aim of this study is to describe the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Asian-Indian patients with WT1 pathogenic variants and systematically review the literature on association of exonic WT1 pathogenic variants and gonadoblastoma.

Design: Combined retrospective-prospective analysis.