46, XX DSD with Atypical Genitalia: Clinical Insights and Diagnostic Approaches.

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a rare disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance; it was historically known as adrenogenital syndrome. Patients with virilizing forms of CAH and a 46,XX karyotype present with varied degrees of hyperandrogenism due to different genetic defects in the adrenal steroidogenesis pathway. This comprehensive review describes a simplified diagnostic approach for patients with atypical genitalia and 46, XX DSD.

Skull Base Squamous Cell Carcinoma Presenting as Collet-Sicard Syndrome: A Rare Cause of Multicranial Nerve Dysfunction.

The lower cranial nerves (CNs) - IX, X, XI, and XII - are affected by lesions of the skull base that impact the hypoglossal canal and jugular foramen in Collet-Sicard Syndrome (CSS), a rare disorder. Loss of posterior tongue taste sensation (IX nerve), paralysis of the vocal cords and difficulty swallowing (resulting from the X nerve), weakness in the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles (due to the XI nerve), and atrophy and weakness of the tongue muscles (caused by the XII nerve) are all signs of this condition. The purpose of this report is to describe a case of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), presenting features of multiple CN palsies.

A Comprehensive Review of the Effects of Diabetes Mellitus on the Gastrointestinal System.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a worldwide epidemic, making it a major non-communicable disease of public health concern. DM is a chronic disease affecting various organs of the body, leading to increased morbidity and frequently causing patients to seek medical care. Patients with DM often suffer from gastrointestinal disturbances, indicating the involvement of the gastrointestinal system (GIS).

Baseline and Corticotropin-Stimulated Blood Steroid Profiles in Women of Reproductive Age in India: A Cross-Sectional Study and Global Literature Review.

Introduction: Corticotropin (adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH))-stimulated blood steroid profile is useful in the diagnosis of rare adrenal disorders but their utility is limited due to lack of assay- and population-specific reference ranges. Hence, we conducted this study to establish the reference ranges for basal and ACTH-stimulated blood steroid profiles in Indian women of reproductive age.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 30 apparently healthy female volunteers aged 18-40 years.

Navigating a Rare Neurological Conundrum: Quadriparesis in Neurocysticercosis With Hydrocephalus.

This case illustrates the diagnostic challenges in identifying neurocysticercosis, which is initially mistaken for tubercular arachnoiditis. Early recognition and multidisciplinary management are crucial for preventing severe complications. The case also describes the importance of awareness and timely treatment of neglected tropical diseases to improve patient outcomes.

Diagnostic Utility of Bedside "Point of Care Lung Ultrasound" in Predicting the Need For NICU Admission in Late Preterm and Term Newborns Having Respiratory Distress Soon After Birth in the Transition Period: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background: Point of care lung ultrasound (POC-LUS) is a rapid and simple method to evaluate infants with respiratory distress after birth.

Objectives: The primary objective was to determine whether the POC-LUS score is a good predictor of NICU admission in late preterm and term infants born with respiratory distress when performed within the first 2 h of life. The secondary objective was to find a correlation between the LUS score and the clinical respiratory distress severity score.

A Retrospective Study on the Incidence of Kaposi Sarcoma in the United States From 1999 to 2020 Using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiological Research (CDC WONDER) Database.

Introduction Studying cancer incidence is important to understand the cancer risk factors, tracking trends, planning resources and developing prevention and treatment methods. Examining the incidence of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) alongside different variables enables researchers to gain insights into the disease's underlying causes and risk factors. This understanding aids in developing more focused research and interventions.

Insights in non-CAH pediatric primary adrenal insufficiency: a single-center experience from India.

Objectives: Pediatric primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) etiologies beyond congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) show regional variations. Given limited data from India, this study aims to describe the etiological profile, phenotype, and genotype of pediatric PAI in an Indian cohort.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients with PAI onset before 20 years of age from 1998 to 2023 at a single center.

A Pressing Emergency in Oncology: A Case Series of Patients With Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome.

Background: The defining characteristic of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a reversible, predominantly vasogenic edema of the white matter, particularly affecting the parenchyma supplied by the posterior circulation. PRES is most commonly associated with hypertension. We present a case series of seven normotensive patients diagnosed with cancer who had posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.

Asymmetric Bilateral Medial Temporal Lobe Encephalitis Associated With Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor Antibodies: A Case Report.

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is a rare autoimmune disorder that typically presents with neuropsychiatric symptoms and medial temporal lobe involvement. We report the case of a 24-year-old female with no significant medical history, who developed severe anxiety, memory deficits, and confusion over a two-week period. Neurological examination revealed cognitive dysfunction, asymmetric limb movements, and psychosis.

Axillary Peripheral Nerve Schwannoma: A Rare Occurrence in the Torso.

A schwannoma is a benign, solitary, noninvasive, and encapsulated tumor that originates from Schwann cells of the peripheral nerve sheath commonly found in the head and neck. A rare case of a benign schwannoma in the axillary region of a 34-year-old male patient is presented here accompanied by a discussion on the known entities of peripheral nerve schwannoma as well as the clinical and radiological findings coupled with treatment techniques. The patient presented with a left axillary mass of seven years gradually progressing in size which is associated with pain in the left arm.

Long-term Health Implications of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Prospective Study on Post-coronavirus Disease 2019 Symptoms.

Context: Patients recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection continue to have some persistent symptoms or develop new symptoms, resulting in impairment of everyday activities beyond the initial acute period. The current study was undertaken to understand the long term health implications of covid 19 and to analyse the correlation of post covid symptoms with the severity of infection and inflammatory markers at the time of hospitalisation.

Aims: (1) To estimate the prevalence of post covid symptoms at the end of 1 month,3 months and 12 months after discharge, (2) To correlate post covid symptoms with the severity of infection and inflammatory markers at the time of hospitalisation.

A Clinicopathologic Study of 1598 Ultrasound-Guided Needle Prostate Biopsies and Trends in Prostate Cancer Over a 14-Year Period.

Background: Prostate cancer manifests in various forms, ranging from occult and localized to metastatic disease. Analyzing prostate biopsies offers insights into histopathological characteristics, enhancing disease understanding and management.

Methods: This 14-year study reviewed ultrasound-guided needle prostate biopsies, collecting data via questionnaires and medical records, focusing on Gleason group, tumor involvement percentage, and predicted cancer stage.

High Diagnostic Accuracy of Arterial Phase CT in Differentiating Pheochromocytoma in Good/Poor Washout Adrenal Masses.

Introduction: Differentiating pheochromocytomas from other adrenal masses based on computed tomography (CT) characteristics remains challenging, particularly in lipid-poor lesions with variable washout patterns. This study evaluated CT features for distinguishing pheochromocytomas in good and poor washout subcohorts.

Methods: We prospectively analyzed 72 patients with unilateral lipid-poor adrenal masses.

The Patterns of Non-adherence to Medication in the Management of Cardiovascular Disease: A Descriptive Study.

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and stroke are highly prevalent and have a significant impact on quality of life and the healthcare economy. This study aimed to evaluate adherence to medication regimens in CVD patients.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study of 203 patients was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire which included an eight item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) to assess medication compliance.

Assessment of Complications and Length of Hospital Stay Associated With Surgical Emergencies in Patients With Concurrent COVID-19 Infection.

The delivery of surgical services was profoundly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in the postponement of elective surgeries and a shift in focus to essential emergency procedures. Our study aimed to assess the impact of concurrent COVID-19 infection on complications, hospital stay, and recovery following emergency surgery. A retrospective matched cohort study was conducted between July 2020 and February 2022 at a tertiary care hospital in India.

Prevalence of Chronic Rhino Sinusitis in Patients with Concha Bullosa.

This study aims to investigate the prevalence of chronic rhino sinusitis in patients with concha bullosa, a common anatomical variation characterised by pneumatization of the middle turbinates. Chronic rhino sinusitis is an inflammatory disorder of the paranasal sinuses and the linings of the nasal passages that lasts for 12 weeks or longer. The incidence of chronic rhino sinusitis was assessed among patients with diagnosed concha bullosa, focusing on the presence of symptoms, and severity.

Functional Outcomes of Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Versus Quadrupled Semitendinosus and Gracilis Autografts for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Introduction Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with autografts has been available for decades; however, the choice of graft is still debated. Here, we compared the functional outcomes of the two most widely used autografts, bone-patella tendon-bone (BPTB) and quadruple-stranded semitendinosus/gracilis (ST/G) autografts, at six months following ACLR. Materials and methods This prospective study was performed in the Department of Orthopedics of Yenepoya Medical College and Hospital located in Mangalore, Karnataka, India, a tertiary care institute over a period of 18 months (November 2018 to April 2020).

Pituitary apoplexy: a comprehensive analysis of 93 cases across functioning and non-functioning pituitary adenomas from a single-center.

Introduction: Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is a rare clinical syndrome due to acute/subacute pituitary hemorrhage and/or infarction; data on PA in functioning pituitary adenoma (FPA) is scarce.

Methods: A retrospective record-review of details of PA in non-functioning (NFPA) and FPA managed at tertiary endocrine center.

Results: 93 patients [56 males; 33.

Cardiovascular and all-cause mortality outcomes of adrenalectomy versus medical treatment in primary aldosteronism: an umbrella review.

Background: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is now recognized as the most prevalent form of secondary hypertension globally, contributing significantly to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This umbrella review aims to systematically compare cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in PA patients undergoing adrenalectomy versus mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) treatment, aiming to inform optimal management strategies.

Method: Following PRISMA guidelines (Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.

Analysis of the Functional Outcome of Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using the Central Quadriceps Tendon Graft.

Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common, particularly among athletes, and often result in knee instability and decreased functionality. Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction is the standard treatment, typically using a patellar tendon bone graft (PTBG) or hamstring tendon graft (HTG). The central quadriceps tendon graft (QTG) has been proposed as a superior alternative due to its structural properties.