Systemic treatment and radiotherapy for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and HIV infection - A systematic review.

Lung cancer is the most common non-AIDS defining cancer among people living with HIV (PLWH), but there is a paucity of data regarding the efficacy and toxicity of radiotherapy and systemic regimens, including immunotherapy, in the treatment of these patients. In order to answer this question, we have performed a systematic search of the literature in Ovid Medline until March 17, 2022. We included 21 publications, enrolling 513 PLWH with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), mostly male (75-100%), (ex-)smokers (75-100%) and with stage III-IV at diagnosis (65-100%).

Comparison of insulation provided by dry or wetsuits among recreational divers during cold water immersion (< 5°C).

Background: Divers thermal status influences susceptibility to decompression sickness hence the need for proper insulation during immersion in cold water. However, there is a lack of data on thermal protection provided by diving suits, hence this study.

Materials And Methods: Two different groups of divers wearing either a wetsuit (n = 15) or a dry suit (n = 15) volunteered for this study.

Reversible Verbal Memory Integration Deficits in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea.

When presented with novel but semantically related elements after learning verbal material, healthy participants tend to endorse these items as previously learned. This reflects the normal integration and association of novel verbal information into long-term memory. How obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) negatively impacts verbal memory performance, and whether deficits are reversible following positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment, remain elusive.

Field study of anthropomorphic and muscle performance changes among elite skippers following a transoceanic race.

Background: Ocean racing has become increasingly demanding, both physically and psychologically. The aim of the study was to assess global changes after a transoceanic race.

Materials And Methods: Eight male sailors were evaluated pre- and post-race through anthropometric measurements (weight, skinfold, girth at different level and estimated body fat percentage), multifrequency tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance, muscular performance, visual analogic scale for perceived fatigue and Critical Flicker Fusion Frequencies for cerebral arousal.

Early detection of diving-related cognitive impairment of different nitrogen-oxygen gas mixtures using critical flicker fusion frequency.

Introduction: Cognitive impairment related to inert gas narcosis (IGN) is a threat to diving safety and operations at depth that might be reduced by using enriched air nitrox (EANx) mixtures. Using critical flicker fusion frequency (CFFF), a possible early detection of cognitive abilities/cerebral arousal impairment when breathing different oxygen (O2) fractions was investigated.

Methods: Eight male volunteers performed, in random order, two dry chamber dives breathing either air or EANx40 (40% O₂-60% nitrogen) for 20 minutes (min) at 0.

Can positional therapy be simple, effective and well tolerated all together? A prospective study on treatment response and compliance in positional sleep apnea with a positioning pillow.

Purpose: Until now, there is no clear consensus on optimal care for mild sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) in general or for positional obstructive sleep apnea (POSA) in particular. Most proposed treatment options are either invasive and/or expensive. Positional therapy (PT) may therefore present as a valuable first-line intervention in POSA.

The Brugmann Fatigue Scale: An Analogue to the Epworth Sleepiness Scale to Measure Behavioral Rest Propensity.

: While often confused, fatigue (as opposed to sleepiness) mostly requires rest, not sleep, to recover from. Clinical evaluations of fatigue mainly rely on assessments of symptom intensity, however without taking into account the need to engage in behavioral countermeasures. We therefore developed an 8-item 4-point Likert scale (the Brugmann Fatigue Scale; BFS) sharing a similar conceptual background with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), assessing mental and physical fatigue and focusing specifically on rest propensity.

Tired of blunt tools? Sharpening the clinical assessment of fatigue and sleepiness.

Fatigue and sleepiness are ubiquitous symptoms in various conditions and are frequently associated to impaired sleep quality. While separate fatigue and sleepiness scales exist, both constructs are often confused. Unraveling this issue requires estimating the instruments' measurement properties, potential scale recalibration and re-evaluation of symptom intensities on a comparable basis.

Complex sleep apnea at auto-titrating CPAP initiation: prevalence, significance and predictive factors.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients may develop central respiratory events under continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), referred to as complex sleep apnea (CompSA).

Objective: We aimed to assess prevalence and predictive factors of complex apnea and to evaluate treatment response to CPAP.

Methods: Within a retrospective cohort study, we assessed clinical data of OSA patients, attending the sleep lab during a 15-months period.

Does more sleep matter? Differential effects of NREM- and REM-dominant sleep on sleepiness and vigilance.

We investigated effects of NREM and REM predominant sleep periods on sleepiness and psychomotor performances measured with visual analog scales and the psychomotor vigilance task, respectively. After one week of stable sleep-wake rhythms, 18 healthy sleepers slept 3hours of early sleep and 3hours of late sleep, under polysomnographic control, spaced by two hours of sustained wakefulness between sleep periods in a within subjects split-night, sleep interruption protocol. Power spectra analysis was applied for sleep EEG recordings and sleep phase-relative power proportions were computed for six different frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, sigma, beta and gamma).

Slow wave sleep in the chronically fatigued: Power spectra distribution patterns in chronic fatigue syndrome and primary insomnia.

Objectives: To investigate slow wave sleep (SWS) spectral power proportions in distinct clinical conditions sharing non-restorative sleep and fatigue complaints without excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), namely the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and primary insomnia (PI). Impaired sleep homeostasis has been suspected in both CFS and PI.

Methods: We compared perceived sleep quality, fatigue and sleepiness symptom-intensities, polysomnography (PSG) and SWS spectral power distributions of drug-free CFS and PI patients without comorbid sleep or mental disorders, with a good sleeper control group.

Non-REM sleep EEG power distribution in fatigue and sleepiness.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to contribute to the sleep-related differentiation between daytime fatigue and sleepiness.

Methods: 135 subjects presenting with sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS, n=58) or chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS, n=52) with respective sleepiness or fatigue complaints and a control group (n=25) underwent polysomnography and psychometric assessments for fatigue, sleepiness, affective symptoms and perceived sleep quality. Sleep EEG spectral analysis for ultra slow, delta, theta, alpha, sigma and beta power bands was performed on frontal, central and occipital derivations.

Continuing care for patients with alcohol use disorders: a systematic review.

Background: A chronic care perspective should be adopted in the treatment of patients with alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Initial treatment in a more intense psychiatric care setting should be followed by continuing care. This systematic review aims to identify effective continuing care interventions for patients with AUDs.

Reduced intra-individual reaction time variability during a Go-NoGo task in detoxified alcohol-dependent patients after one right-sided dorsolateral prefrontal HF-rTMS session.

Aims: As alcohol dependency is characterized by severe executive function deficits, we examined the influence of high-frequency (HF) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on executive functioning in recently detoxified alcohol-dependent patients.

Methods: In this randomized, single blind, sham (placebo)-controlled, crossover study, we included 50 detoxified alcohol-dependent patients. We examined the effect of a single right DLPFC HF-rTMS session on commission errors, mean reaction times (RTs) and intra-individual reaction time variability (IIRTV) during a Go-NoGo task (50% Go/50% NoGo condition) in 29 alcohol-dependent patients.

Is a one-night stay in the lab really enough to conclude? First-night effect and night-to-night variability in polysomnographic recordings among different clinical population samples.

While polysomnography remains the current gold standard in sleep investigation, guidelines for single night versus consecutive recordings in a sleep laboratory have been disputed mainly because of two phenomena: the first-night effect and night-to-night variability. One hundred and twenty nine subjects, that underwent two consecutive nights of polysomnographic recording in a general University Hospital's sleep lab, were divided into four groups: sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD), insomnia, movement and behavioral disorders and a healthy control (HC) group based on their complaints at admission and sleep study results. Sleep parameters of both consecutive two nights were compared and analyzed.

Adult polyglucosan body disease masquerading as "ALS with dementia of the Alzheimer type": an exceptional phenotype in a rare pathology.

We describe an exceptional clinical picture, namely, cognitive impairment of the Alzheimer disease type in a man who later developed manifestations typical of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and who was subsequently found to have adult polyglucosan body disease (APGBD) upon postmortem neuropathologic explorations. The combined occurrence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and cognitive impairment of the Alzheimer disease type in APGBD has not been reported before. This case also underlines the diverse clinical presentation of this rare clinicopathologic entity (namely APGBD) and highlights the importance of recognizing the unusual association of clinical features in making the diagnosis.

Distinct roles for non-muscle myosin II isoforms in mouse hepatic stellate cells.

Background & Aims: Upon liver injury, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) undergo dramatic morphological and functional changes including migration and contraction. In the present study, we investigated the role of myosin II isoforms in the development of the contractile phenotype of mouse HSCs, which are considered therapeutic targets to decrease portal hypertension and fibrosis.

Methods: We characterized the expression of myosin IIA and IIB in primary mouse HSCs and addressed their function by gene knock-down using isoform-specific siRNAs.

Activation of monocytes via the CD14 receptor leads to the enhanced lentiviral transduction of immature dendritic cells.

In this study, we compared dendritic cells (DCs) differentiated from positively selected monocytes (CD14-DCs) to DCs differentiated from adherence-selected monocytes (adh-DCs) with emphasis on lentiviral transduction. Using a second-generation, triple-helix containing, self-inactivating lentiviral vector at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 15, we observed enhanced transduction of CD14-DCs (72.8 +/- 5.

Antidiarrhoeal activity of root extracts from Roureopsis obliquifoliolata and Epinetrum villosum.

The methanol extracts of Roureopsis obliquifoliolata and Epinetrum villosum root significantly reduced castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mice. This effect supports the use of these plants in Congolese folk medicine as antidiarrhoeal remedies.

Further characterization of rat 26,000 prolactin as a glycoprotein with essentially o-linked carbohydrate chains.

Abstract In the rat two major molecular variants of prolactin are recorded i.e. 23,000 M(r) and glycosylated 26,000 M(r).

Identification of a D1 dopamine receptor, not linked to adenylate cyclase, on lactotroph cells.

1. We studied the lactotroph cells of the rat by both in vivo and in vitro pharmacological techniques for the presence of D1-receptors. Both approaches revealed the presence of D2-receptor, stimulated by quinpirole (resulting in an inhibition of prolactin secretion) and blocked by domperidone.