Association of milk microbiome with bovine mastitis before and after antibiotic therapy.

Background And Aim: Mastitis is recognized as the most common disease in cattle and causes economic losses in the dairy industry. A number of opportunistic bacterial taxa have been identified as causative agents for this disease. Conventionally, antibiotics are used to treat mastitis; however, most bacteria are resistant to the majority of antibiotics.

Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of New Hybrid Derivatives of 5,6-Dihydro-4-pyrrolo[3,2,1-]quinolin-2(1)-one as Potential Dual Inhibitors of Blood Coagulation Factors Xa and XIa.

Cardiovascular diseases caused by blood coagulation system disorders are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Research shows that blood clotting factors are involved in these thrombotic processes. Among them, factor Xa occupies a key position in the blood coagulation cascade.

Analytical Solutions to the Unsteady Poiseuille Flow of a Second Grade Fluid with Slip Boundary Conditions.

This paper deals with an initial-boundary value problem modeling the unidirectional pressure-driven flow of a second grade fluid in a plane channel with impermeable solid walls. On the channel walls, Navier-type slip boundary conditions are stated. Our aim is to investigate the well-posedness of this problem and obtain its analytical solution under weak regularity requirements on a function describing the velocity distribution at initial time.

Aging, Neurodegenerative Disorders, and Cerebellum.

An important part of the central nervous system (CNS), the cerebellum is involved in motor control, learning, reflex adaptation, and cognition. Diminished cerebellar function results in the motor and cognitive impairment observed in patients with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), and multiple sclerosis (MS), and even during the normal aging process. In most neurodegenerative disorders, impairment mainly occurs as a result of morphological changes over time, although during the early stages of some disorders such as AD, the cerebellum also serves a compensatory function.

XUV Rectification Effect in the IR-Dressed Medium.

We show that the quasistatic dipole moment can be induced by a short extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulse (XUV rectification effect) in atomic gas medium subjected to an intense infrared (IR) field (IR-dressed atoms). The general theory of the XUV rectification effect for a single IR-dressed atom is presented, which explicitly relates IR-modified polarizability of an atomic system in the XUV range with the induced quasistatic dipole moment. We illustrate general properties of the XUV rectification effect in an atomic system within the analytical zero-range potential model by presenting the dependence on the IR-field intensity and the time delay between XUV and IR pulses.

Outstanding nonlinear optical properties of all-inorganic perovskite CsPbX (X=Cl, Br, I) precursor solutions and polycrystalline films.

In this work, we systematically explore the third-order nonlinear optical properties of all-inorganic CsPbX (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite precursor solutions and thin films using femtosecond and nanosecond laser pulses. We show that these samples possess strong two-photon absorption (TPA) and reverse saturable absorption (RSA), which depend on the excitation wavelength. The obtained nonlinear absorption and refraction coefficients for precursor solutions are followed by the relation CsPbCl > CsPbBr > CsPbI for the 800 and 1,064 nm excitation wavelengths, whereas this relation became reverse in the case of 355 and 400 nm laser pulses.

Tailored synthesis of NdMnFeO perovskite nanoparticles with oxygen-vacancy defects for lithium-ion battery anodes.

In this study, we synthesize nanostructured NdMnFeO perovskites using a facile method to produce materials for the high-working-efficiency anodes of Li-ion batteries. A series of characterization assessments (e.g.

Noncoupled Mitochondrial Respiration as Therapeutic Approach for the Treatment of Metabolic Diseases: Focus on Transgenic Animal Models.

Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to numerous chronic diseases, and mitochondria are targets for various toxins and xenobiotics. Therefore, the development of drugs or therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondria is an important task in modern medicine. It is well known that the primary, although not the sole, function of mitochondria is ATP generation, which is achieved by coupled respiration.

The Effect of Ficin Immobilized on Carboxymethyl Chitosan on Biofilms of Oral Pathogens.

In the last decade, Ficin, a proteolytic enzyme extracted from the latex sap of the wild fig tree, has been widely investigated as a promising tool for the treatment of microbial biofilms, wound healing, and oral care. Here we report the antibiofilm properties of the enzyme immobilized on soluble carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh) and CMCh itself. Ficin was immobilized on CMCh with molecular weights of either 200, 350 or 600 kDa.

Analyzing somatic mutations by single-cell whole-genome sequencing.

Somatic mutations are the cause of cancer and have been implicated in other, noncancerous diseases and aging. While clonally expanded mutations can be studied by deep sequencing of bulk DNA, very few somatic mutations expand clonally, and most are unique to each cell. We describe a detailed protocol for single-cell whole-genome sequencing to discover and analyze somatic mutations in tissues and organs.

Novel biocatalysts based on enzymes in complexes with nano- and micromaterials.

In today's world, there is a wide array of materials engineered at the nano- and microscale, with numerous applications attributed to these innovations. This review aims to provide a concise overview of how nano- and micromaterials are utilized for enzyme immobilization. Enzymes act as eco-friendly biocatalysts extensively used in various industries and medicine.

Mechanisms of UV-induced human lymphocyte apoptosis.

The article reviews the results of the studies of marker parameters (indicators) of various pathways and mechanisms of apoptosis of lymphocytes in donor peripheral blood induced by UV light (240-390 nm) in doses of 151, 1510, and 3020 J/m. The article analyses the processes of DNA fragmentation, distortion of the structural asymmetry of the cell membranes, changes in the degree of DNA damage (single-strand breaks), transcriptional factor р53, cytochrome , Fas receptors (CD95), caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9, reactive oxygen species, and calcium ions in UV modified cells. The study determined that programmed cell death of lymphocytes after UV irradiation with 1510 J/m involves the р53-dependent pathway of the nuclear mechanism, as well as receptor-mediated caspase mechanism, mitochondrial mechanism, and the mechanism associated with the defects in calcium homeostasis.

The intensity of free radical processes and chaperone activity in the saliva of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: Saliva is a clinically informative biological fluid that contains many biomarkers, allowing multiple analyses to be performed.

Aim: The objectives of this study were the assessment of the serum and saliva levels of biochemical parameters and intensity of free radical processes in T2DM patients and the identification of the correlation between certain criteria.

Methods: This case-control study included 40 T2DM patients, which were compared with 40 healthy individuals.

Somatic mutation burden in relation to aging and functional life span: implications for cellular reprogramming and rejuvenation.

The accrual of somatic mutations has been implicated as causal factors in aging since the 1950s. However, the quantitative analysis of somatic mutations has posed a major challenge due to the random nature of de novo mutations in normal tissues, which has limited analysis to tumors and other clonal lineages. Advances in single-cell and single-molecule next-generation sequencing now allow to obtain, for the first time, detailed insights into the landscape of somatic mutations in different human tissues and cell types as a function of age under various conditions.

Changes in Dental Biofilm Proteins' Secondary Structure in Groups of People with Different Cariogenic Situations in the Oral Cavity and Using Medications by Means of Synchrotron FTIR-Microspectroscopy.

This work unveils the idea that the cariogenic status of the oral cavity (the presence of active caries lesions) can be predicted via a lineshape analysis of the infrared spectral signatures of the secondary structure of proteins in dental biofilms. These spectral signatures that work as natural markers also show strong sensitivity to the application in patients of a so-called modulator-a medicinal agent (a pelleted mineral complex with calcium glycerophosphate). For the first time, according to our knowledge, in terms of deconvolution of the complete spectral profile of the amide I and amide II bands, significant intra- and intergroup differences were determined in the secondary structure of proteins in the dental biofilm of patients with a healthy oral cavity and with a carious pathology.

and : New Molecular Markers for Phylogenetic and Biodiversity Studies of the Genus .

Currently, the phylogeny of the genus is based on comparative whole genome analysis because of the high homology of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences within the genus. We analyzed the possibility of using various conservative genes as phylogenetic markers for the genus . We found that the levels of similarity of the nucleotide sequences of the tRNA(Ile)-lysidine synthase () and the β subunit of RNA polymerase () genes are in good agreement with the average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between the genomes of various representatives of the genus .

Tyrosine Amino Acid as a Foulant for the Heterogeneous Anion Exchange Membrane.

The features of organic fouling have been revealed for highly basic anion exchange membranes during prolonged electrodialysis in solutions containing the aromatic amino acid tyrosine. With increased operation time when using MA-41 heterogeneous membranes in tyrosine solution, an increase in hydrophobicity and roughness characteristics of the material surface is detected. A reduction in tyrosine flux through the membrane occurs which is caused by its pores plugging and deposition of the amino acid at the membrane surface induced by tyrosine adsorption and local supersaturation of the solution in the membrane phase.

6-Hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline Demonstrates Anti-Inflammatory Properties and Reduces Oxidative Stress in Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in Rats.

We examined the effects of 6-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline on markers of liver injury, oxidative status, and the extent of inflammatory and apoptotic processes in rats with acetaminophen-induced liver damage. The administration of acetaminophen caused the accumulation of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine and 8-isoprostane in the liver and serum, as well as an increase in biochemiluminescence indicators. Oxidative stress resulted in the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokine and NF-κB factor mRNA synthesis and increased levels of immunoglobulin G, along with higher activities of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9.

The Effect of Polyene Antibiotic Amphotericin B on Erythrocyte Cytoarchitectonics and Osmotic Resistance.

We studied the effect of amphotericin B (2.5×10 and 5.4×10 M) on osmotic resistance and surface cytoarchitectonics of donor blood erythrocytes.

Metagenomics Revealed a New Genus ' Thiocaldithrix dubininis' gen. nov., sp. nov. and a New Species ' Thiothrix putei' sp. nov. in the Family , Some Members of Which Have Traits of Both Na- and H-Motive Energetics.

Two metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), GKL-01 and GKL-02, related to the family have been assembled from the metagenome of bacterial mat obtained from a sulfide-rich thermal spring in the North Caucasus. Based on average amino acid identity (AAI) values and genome-based phylogeny, MAG GKL-01 represented a new genus within the family. The GC content of the GKL-01 DNA (44%) differed significantly from that of other known members of the genus (50.

Cervical and Vaginal Microbiomes in Early Miscarriages and Ongoing Pregnancy with and without Dydrogesterone Usage.

Emerging evidence suggests that the reproductive tract microbiota is a key modulator of local inflammatory and immune pathways throughout pregnancy and may subsequently impact pregnancy outcomes. In this study, our objective was to analyze the cervical and vaginal microbiomes during early pregnancy among three groups: women with healthy ongoing pregnancies, women undergoing dydrogesterone treatment, and those who experienced miscarriages. The experiment involved 51 women at 8-11 weeks of gestation.

Protective Effects of Peroxiredoxin 6 in Pro-Inflammatory Response Model Using Raw 264.7 Macrophages.

The aim of the work was to study effects of peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6), a recombinant antioxidant protein, on the level of pro-inflammatory responses of RAW 264.7 macrophages to endotoxin exposure. Addition of LPS to the RAW 264.

SkQ1 Improves Immune Status and Normalizes Activity of NADPH-Generating and Antioxidant Enzymes in Rats with Adjuvant-Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a severe systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease. Oxidative stress and excessive formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the mitochondria are considered as the central pathogenetic mechanisms of connective tissue destruction and factors responsible for a highly active inflammatory process and autoimmune response. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant 10-(6'-plastoquinonyl)decyltriphenylphosphonium (SkQ1) on the immune status, intensity of free radical-induced oxidation, and functioning of the antioxidant system (AOS) and NADPH-generating enzymes in rats with the adjuvant-induced RA.

6-Hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline Alleviates Oxidative Stress and NF-κB-Mediated Inflammation in Rats with Experimental Parkinson's Disease.

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of different doses of 6-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (HTHQ) on motor coordination scores, brain tissue morphology, the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, the severity of oxidative stress parameters, the levels of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) factor, and the inflammatory response in rats during the development of rotenone-induced Parkinsonism. The findings indicate that HTHQ, with its antioxidant attributes, reduced the levels of 8-isoprostane, lipid oxidation products, and protein oxidation products. The decrease in oxidative stress due to HTHQ led to a reduction in the mRNA content of proinflammatory cytokines and myeloperoxidase activity, accompanying the drop in the expression of the factor NF-κB.