Various Options for Covalent Immobilization of Cysteine Proteases-Ficin, Papain, Bromelain.

This study explores various methods for the covalent immobilization of cysteine proteases (ficin, papain, and bromelain). Covalent immobilization involves the formation of covalent bonds between the enzyme and a carrier or between enzyme molecules themselves without a carrier using a crosslinking agent. This process enhances the stability of the enzyme and allows for the creation of preparations with specific and controlled properties.

Long-range PCR as a tool for evaluating mitochondrial DNA damage: Principles, benefits, and limitations of the technique.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is often more susceptible to damage compared to nuclear DNA. This is due to its localization in the mitochondrial matrix, where a large portion of reactive oxygen species are produced. Mitochondria do not have histones and mtDNA is only slightly protected by histone-like proteins and is believed to have less efficient repair mechanisms.

Assessment of Long-Term Cultivated In Vitro Willow Clones according to Chromosomal Analysis.

Creation and long-term in vitro maintenance of valuable genotype collection is one of the modern approach to conservation of valuable gene pool of woody plants. However, during prolonged cultivation, genetic variability of cells and tissues may accumulate and lead to the loss of valuable characteristics of parental plants. It is therefore important to assess the genetic (including cytogenetic) stability of collection clones.

Response of Pedunculate Oak ( L.) to Adverse Environmental Conditions in Genetic and Dendrochronological Studies.

Pedunculate oak ( L.) is widely distributed across Europe and serves critical ecological, economic, and recreational functions. Investigating its responses to stressors such as drought, extreme temperatures, pests, and pathogens provides valuable insights into its capacity to adapt to climate change.

Effect of Selenium, Copper and Manganese Nanocomposites in Arabinogalactan Matrix on Potato Colonization by Phytopathogens and .

The effect of chemically synthesized nanocomposites (NCs) of selenium (Se/AG NC), copper oxide (Cu/AG NC) and manganese hydroxide (Mn/AG NC), based on the natural polymer arabinogalactan (AG), on the processes of growth, development and colonization of potato plants in vitro was studied upon infection with the causative agent of potato blackleg-the Gram-negative bacterium -and the causative agent of ring rot-the Gram-positive bacterium (). It was shown that the infection of potatoes with reduced the root formation of plants and the concentration of pigments in leaf tissues. The treatment of plants with Cu/AG NC before infection with stimulated leaf formation and increased the concentration of pigments in them.

Enhancement of Water Uptake in Composite Superabsorbents Based on Carboxymethyl Cellulose Through Porogen Incorporation and Lyophilization.

Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC)-based superabsorbents are promising materials for the development of agricultural matrices aimed at water management and slow-release fertilizer production. However, an increase in the CMC content tends to reduce their water-absorbing capacity. This study aims to develop a cost-effective method for producing eco-friendly superabsorbents with enhanced water-absorbing capacity by incorporating a porogen and employing lyophilization.

Combination of flaxseed and clarified tomato juice in bread: Delayed effect on metabolic disorders during long-term unbalanced diet in an in vivo experiment.

Objective: The of study was to evaluate the biological effects occurring in the animal body in conditions of a regular consumption of bread with a combination of flaxseed and clarified tomato juice in its composition.

Methods: The animals (Soviet Chinchilla breed) were randomly distributed between six groups. Group 1 is intact animals.

Climate Response and Radial Growth Dynamics of Pedunculate Oak ( L.) Plus Trees and Their Half-Sib Progeny in Periods of Severe Droughts in the Forest-Steppe Zone of Eastern Europe.

The dendrochronological parameters of 97 pedunculate oak ( L.) trees including 20 plus trees (142-year-old on average) and four half-sib families for four of them were analyzed considering also specifically years of the most severe droughts that were identified using average monthly air temperature and precipitation data. The tree-ring width (TRW) was mostly affected by air temperature that had the largest cross-dating indices (CDI), up to 78% maximum.

Novel Hybrid Catalysts of Cysteine Proteases Enhanced by Chitosan and Carboxymethyl Chitosan Micro- and Nanoparticles.

Micro- and nanoparticles of chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan were synthesized, both with and without ascorbic acid. Methods were developed to form complexes between these micro- and nanoparticles and plant proteases-ficin, papain, and bromelain. It was demonstrated that the activity of cysteine protease complexes with carboxymethyl chitosan micro- and nanoparticles was higher compared to those with chitosan micro- and nanoparticles.

The Key Enzymes of Carbon Metabolism and the Glutathione Antioxidant System Protect Yeast Against pH-Induced Stress.

In this study, we first thoroughly assayed the response of the key enzymes of energy metabolism and the antioxidant system in yeast at extreme pH. The activity of the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes, namely NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, aconitate hydratase, NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase, and fumarate hydratase, NADPH-producing enzymes of glucose-6-P dehydrogenase and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, and the enzymes of the glutathione system was assessed. All the enzymes that were tested showed a significant induction contrary to some decrease in the aconitate hydratase activity with acidic and alkaline stress.

Synthesis and antimycotic activity of new derivatives of imidazo[1,2-]pyrimidines.

The heterocyclic core of imidazo[1,2-]pyrimidine was formed in satisfactory yields as a result of the interaction of the readily available 2-aminoimidazole with -substituted maleimides or -arylitaconimides. The mechanism of the studied processes was postulated basing on experimental data, HPLC-MS analysis of reaction mixtures, and quantum chemical calculations. Molecular docking results of the obtained imidazo[1,2-]pyrimidines, when compared with voriconazole, a drug already in clinical use, suggest that they may possess antifungal activity against .

Modeling Temperature-Dependent Photoluminescence Dynamics of Colloidal CdS Quantum Dots Using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Networks.

This study addresses the challenge of modeling temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) in CdS colloidal quantum dots (QD), where PL properties fluctuate with temperature, complicating traditional modeling approaches. The objective is to develop a predictive model capable of accurately capturing these variations using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, which are well suited for managing temporal dependencies in time-series data. The methodology involved training the LSTM model on experimental time-series data of PL intensity and temperature.

Mechanism of Intracellular Elemental Sulfur Oxidation in , Where Persulfide Dioxygenase Plays a Key Role.

Representatives of the colorless sulfur bacteria of the genus use reduced sulfur compounds in the processes of lithotrophic growth, which is accompanied by the storage of intracellular sulfur. However, it is still unknown how the transformation of intracellular sulfur occurs in representatives. Annotation of the genome of D-402 did not identify any genes for the oxidation or reduction of elemental sulfur.

[Distinctions in molecular composition of the dental biofilm in a dependence of method of exo/endogeneous caries prevention and cariogenic condition of a patient].

Objective: Comparative study of changes in the secondary structure of dental biofilm proteins in people with cariesogenic and cariesoprotective status using synchrotron IR microspectroscopy.

Materials And Methods: Dental biofilm samples from 50 patients without caries (group 1) and with carious lesions of tooth enamel (group 2) were studied. The molecular composition of biofilms was studied using IR microspectroscopy.

Analysis of the brain transcriptome, microbiome and metabolome in ketogenic diet and experimental stroke.

The ketogenic diet (KD) has been shown to be effective in treating various brain pathologies. In this study, we conducted detailed transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling of rat brains after KD and ischemic stroke in order to investigate the effects of KD and its underlying mechanisms. We evaluated the effect of a two-month KD on gene expression in intact brain tissue and after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).

Biochemical and Epigenetic Regulation of Glutamate Metabolism in Maize ( L.) Leaves under Salt Stress.

The effect of salt stress (150 mM NaCl) on the expression of genes, methylation of their promoters, and enzymatic activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), and the 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG)-dehydrogenase (2-OGDH) complex was studied in maize ( L.). GDH activity increased continuously under salt stress, being 3-fold higher after 24 h.

Concurrent analysis of genome and transcriptome in one single cell.

Thus far, multiple techniques for single cell analysis have been developed, yet we lack a relatively simple tool to assess DNA and RNA from the same cell at whole-transcriptome and whole-genome depths. Here we present an updated method for physical separation of cytoplasmic RNA from the nuclei, which allows for simultaneous studies of DNA and RNA from the same single cell. The method consists of three steps-(1) immobilization of a single cell on solid substrate, (2) hypotonic lysis of immobilized single cell, and (3) separation of cytosol containing aqueous phase and immobilized nucleus.

Differences in the Effect of Beta-Hydroxybutyrate on the Mitochondrial Biogenesis, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Markers in Tissues from Young and Old Rats.

One of the therapeutic approaches to age-related diseases is modulation of body cell metabolism through certain diets or their pharmacological mimetics. The ketogenic diet significantly affects cell energy metabolism and functioning of mitochondria, which has been actively studied in various age-related pathologies. Here, we investigated the effect of the ketogenic diet mimetic beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) on the expression of genes regulating mitochondrial biogenesis (, , , quality control (), functioning of the antioxidant system (, , , , , , ), and inflammatory response (, , , ) in the brain, lungs, heart, liver, kidneys, and muscles of young and old rats.

Synthesis and PASS-assisted evaluation of new heterocyclic compounds containing hydroquinoline scaffolds.

Currently, there is a growing interest in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds containing hydroquinoline fragments. This surge can be attributed to the broad range of pharmaceutical and industrial applications that these compounds possess. In this study, the synthesis of both linear and fused heterocyclic systems that incorporate hydroquinoline fragments was described.

Wastewater Treatment with Bacterial Representatives of the Morphotype.

Bacteria of the morphotype, comprising the genera , and , are frequently encountered in domestic and industrial wastewater treatment systems, but they are usually not clearly differentiated due to the marked similarity in their morphologies. Methods ranging from light microscopy, FISH and PCR to modern high-throughput sequencing are used to identify them. The development of these bacteria in wastewater treatment systems has both advantages and disadvantages.

Total Mineral Content in Raw Materials of Ten Medicinal Plants from Roadside Biotopes of Voronezh Oblast.

The total mineral content was studied in medicinal plants from roadside and railside biotopes of the Voronezh region. Pharmacopoeial plant raw materials of 10 species were evaluated: roots of Taraxacum officinale F.H.

Harmonic Generation in Molecular AgS Plasma.

The molecular laser-induced plasma (LIP) produced during the ablation of silver sulfide (AgS) was used as a medium for high-order harmonic generation in the extreme ultraviolet range. The role of LIP formation, the plasma components, and the geometry of plasma in the harmonic conversion efficiency was analyzed. We also analyzed the influence of the driving pulses (chirp, single-color pump, two-color pump, and delay between heating and converting pulses) on the harmonic yield in AgS LIP.

Biomaterials and Agents: Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications in Dental Research.

Diseases of the oral cavity are of great importance due to the influence of dental status on a person's social level [...