Novel Optical Criteria and Mechanisms of Critical Decline in Liver Regenerative Potential.

The most effective method of treating tumors localized in the liver remains resection. However, in the presence of concomitant pathology, the regenerative potential of the liver is significantly reduced. To date, there is insufficient fundamental data on the mechanisms responsible for the disruption of liver regeneration, and there is no effective method for assessing its regenerative potential.

The Effect of Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 on the Energy Metabolism of Hepatocytes: Multiphoton Microscopy and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging.

A decrease in the regenerative potential of the liver during the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is observed in the vast majority of patients with diabetes mellitus type 1, significantly increases the risk of postoperative liver failure. In this regard, it is necessary to develop new approaches for the rapid intraoperative assessment of the condition of liver tissue in the presence of concomitant liver pathology. A modern label-free approach based on multiphoton microscopy, second harmonic generation (SHG), and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) allow for the evaluation of the structure of liver tissue as well as the assessment of the metabolic state of hepatocytes, even at the cellular level.

Label-Free Imaging Techniques to Evaluate Metabolic Changes Caused by Toxic Liver Injury in PCLS.

Abuse with hepatotoxic agents is a major cause of acute liver failure. The search for new criteria indicating the acute or chronic pathological processes is still a challenging issue that requires the selection of effective tools and research models. Multiphoton microscopy with second harmonic generation (SHG) and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) are modern label-free methods of optical biomedical imaging for assessing the metabolic state of hepatocytes, therefore reflecting the functional state of the liver tissue.

Optical Biomedical Imaging Reveals Criteria for Violated Liver Regenerative Potential.

To reduce the risk of post-hepatectomy liver failure in patients with hepatic pathologies, it is necessary to develop an approach to express the intraoperative assessment of the liver's regenerative potential. Traditional clinical methods do not enable the prediction of the function of the liver remnant. Modern label-free bioimaging, using multiphoton microscopy in combination with second harmonic generation (SHG) and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), can both expand the possibilities for diagnosing liver pathologies and for assessing the regenerative potential of the liver.

[The impact of BMI on the course of the acute SARS-COV-2 infection and the risks that emerge during the first year after the hospital discharge. Subanalysis evidence of the AKTIV and AKTIV 2 registries].

Background: There is enough evidence of the negative impact of excess weight on the formation and progression of res piratory pathology. Given the continuing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, it is relevant to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the clinical features of the novel coronavirus infection (NCI).

Aim: To study the effect of BMI on the course of the acute SARS-COV-2 infection and the post-covid period.

[ACTIV SARS-CoV-2 registry (Analysis of Chronic Non-infectious Diseases Dynamics After COVID-19 Infection in Adult Patients). Assessment of impact of combined original comorbid diseases in patients with COVID-19 on the prognosis].

Aim: Study the impact of various combinations of comorbid original diseases in patients infected with COVID-19 later on the disease progression and outcomes of the new coronavirus infection.

Materials And Methods: The ACTIV registry was created on the Eurasian Association of Therapists initiative. 5,808 patients have been included in the registry: men and women with COVID-19 treated at hospital or at home.

[Capabilities of optical coherence tomography in examination of senile scleral plaques].

Unlabelled: Senile scleral plaque (SSP) is a degenerative disease of the sclera manifested by the appearance of gray spots with clearly defined borders anteriorly from the insertion site of horizontal rectus muscles. Even with minimal changes over time changes over time are minor, SSP weakens the structural function of the sclera and creates a risk of a complicated course associated with scleromalacia. Interest in the study of SSP is increasing due to the growing number of transscleral intravitreal injections.

Messenger RNA of and Genes as Monitoring Markers of Clear Cell Renal Adenocarcinoma (a Pilot Study).

Unlabelled: was to assess the capabilities of mRNA genes encoding CD16a () and CD16b () in tumor samples from patients with renal cancer, and characterize the tumor process in relation to clinical and morphological factors.

Materials And Methods: We used 125 tumor samples from patients with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of renal cancer TNM. A method described by Chomczynski and Sacchi was used to isolate nucleic acids.

Toxicological Analysis of Hepatocytes Using FLIM Technique: In Vitro versus Ex Vivo Models.

The search for new criteria indicating acute or chronic pathological processes resulting from exposure to toxic agents, testing of drugs for potential hepatotoxicity, and fundamental study of the mechanisms of hepatotoxicity at a molecular level still represents a challenging issue that requires the selection of adequate research models and tools. Microfluidic chips (MFCs) offer a promising in vitro model for express analysis and are easy to implement. However, to obtain comprehensive information, more complex models are needed.

Multiphoton Microscopy and Mass Spectrometry for Revealing Metabolic Heterogeneity of Hepatocytes .

Unlabelled: was to study the possibility of revealing the heterogeneity of normal liver hepatocytes in terms of metabolic status using the modern methods of multiphoton microscopy and mass spectrometry.

Materials And Methods: Heterogeneity of hepatocytes in terms of total metabolic activity was assessed using multiphoton microscopy based on the autofluorescence intensity of intracellular cofactors NAD(P)H and FAD. Hepatocyte heterogeneity in terms of intensity of intracellular metabolic processes was determined using the fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) method based on the data about fluorescence lifetime contributions of various forms of NAD(P)H.

The Use of Transvenous Lead Extraction of Non-Infected Leads to Prevent Long-Term Lead-Related Complications.

Unlabelled: was to study the issue of making challenging decisions concerning abandonment or removal of non-infected superfluous leads during lead revisions or cardiac implantable electronic device upgrades.

Materials And Methods: From 2010 to 2019, a total of 482 patients who had undergone cardiac implantable electronic device implantation in the past were admitted to hospital for generator replacement or lead revision. In 126 patients, 155 malfunctioning leads were found.

Ipatasertib plus abiraterone and prednisolone in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (IPATential150): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial.

Background: The PI3K/AKT and androgen-receptor pathways are dysregulated in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers (mCRPCs); tumours with functional PTEN-loss status have hyperactivated AKT signalling. Dual pathway inhibition with AKT inhibitor ipatasertib plus abiraterone might have greater benefit than abiraterone alone. We aimed to compare ipatasertib plus abiraterone with placebo plus abiraterone in patients with previously untreated mCRPC with or without tumour PTEN loss.

[Anterior stromal micropuncture for the treatment of persistent corneal epithelial graft defects after penetrating keratoplasty].

Persistent corneal graft erosion or persistent epithelial corneal defect is a frequent complication of penetrating keratoplasty. Its development can be contributed by the dry eye syndrome, rare blinking, lagophthalmos, symblepharon, viral infection, autoimmune aggression, and the use of epithelial-toxic eye drops. The article presents three clinical observations of patients who developed persistent corneal graft erosion after penetrating keratoplasty.

Mapping metabolism of liver tissue using two-photon FLIM.

Although fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) has been extensively applied to study cellular metabolism in the liver, there is neither an established approach to analyze the data, nor have appropriate protocols been developed to maintain the optical metabolic characteristics in the liver tissue sample. Here, we show that a tri-exponential decay fitting model for the fluorescence signal from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(P)H) and the use of samples allows the most appropriate processing of the FLIM data. Moreover, we determine the medium that maintains the initial metabolic state of hepatocytes (liver cells), most effectively.

[Intraocular lens power in Russian population: distribution analysis].

Unlabelled: Approximately 470 thousand cases of cataract surgery with implantation of intraocular lens (IOL) are performed annually in Russia. The distribution of IOL power in the Russian population has not been studied sufficiently, which makes the IOL procurement planning imperfect.

Purpose: To analyze the distribution of implanted IOL power and optimize the IOL procurement system.

Measuring Intratumoral Heterogeneity of Immune Repertoires.

There is considerable clinical and fundamental value in measuring the clonal heterogeneity of T and B cell expansions in tumors and tumor-associated lymphoid structures-along with the associated heterogeneity of the tumor neoantigen landscape-but such analyses remain challenging to perform. Here, we propose a straightforward approach to analyze the heterogeneity of immune repertoires between different tissue sections in a quantitative and controlled way, based on a beta-binomial noise model trained on control replicates obtained at the level of single-cell suspensions. This approach allows to identify local clonal expansions with high accuracy.

[Papillomacular retinoschisis associated with glaucoma].

Peripapillary and macular retinoschisis is one of the rare manifestations of advanced glaucoma of different types. The article presents a case report and a mini-review. Peripapillary and macular retinoschisis with visual deterioration was diagnosed in a patient with advanced decompensated open-angle glaucoma and pseudoexfoliation syndrome.

[Demons-Meigs syndrome or cardiomyopathy: a difficult case of a differential diagnosis].

The article presents an overview of the data related to Demons-Meigs syndrome and the clinical situation associated with a complex differential diagnosis between myocarditis with the formation of secondary cardiomyopathy and Demons-Meigs syndrome. A variety of clinical symptom complexes that are associated with Demons-Meigs syndrome is discussed. The concepts of classical and non-classical, full and incomplete Demons-Meigs syndrome are considered.

[Fungal keratitis after penetrating keratoplasty].

The article presents a case of fungal keratitis after penetrating keratoplasty (PKP). A 35-years old patient had previously undergone surgical removal of an intraocular foreign body and developed chronic keratouveitis and epithelial-endothelial corneal dystrophy. PKP and early postoperative period were uneventful.

[Microbiological analysis as effective tool for optimization of empirical antibiotic therapy in the urological clinic].

Aim: to study the features of microbiota in patients of urological departments and to optimize the schemes of antibiotic therapy.

Materials And Methods: Data of microbiological studies in patients of urological departments in 2017 years were analyzed. Isolation of pathogens was carried out using standard techniques.

[Complications of intracameral cefuroxime in cataract surgery].

Intracameral injection of cefuroxime during phacoemulsification is considered effective in preventing endophthalmitis. Its widespread usage has led to the accumulation of data on local and systemic adverse reactions. The analysis of complications of cataract surgery with cefuroxime injections described in literature has allowed identifying a few different clusters of toxic and allergic reactions to intracameral cefuroxime for the first time.

[Serous retinal detachment after phacoemulsification with intracameral cefuroxime (a case-control report)].

Unlabelled: Serous retinal detachment is a rare postoperative complication of phacoemulsification with intracameral antibiotics. Diagnostic and therapeutic strategy in such cases is not well known.

Purpose: To present a case of serous retinal detachment after phacoemulsification with intracameral cefuroxime.