[Assessment of the respiratory muscles strength at patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with various forms of comorbidity].

Unlabelled: The respiratory muscles (RM) strength is the main indicator of their functional state. However, RM strength is not used as criteria for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) stratification.

Aim: To evaluate the RM power of COPD patients with various variants of comorbidity and to determine the role of comorbidity in the development of respiratory muscle dysfunction.

[Elevated Level of the Natriuretic Peptide Among Adult Population in Regions Participating in the ESSE-RF Study and Its Association With Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors].

Aim: to study associations between elevated blood plasma concentration of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), risk factors and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in samples of adult population of Russian Federation (RF) aged 25-64 years.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed data of examination of representative samples of population of 5 regions of RF obtained within the framework of the multicenter ESSE-RF study (2012-2013). Number of examined subjects was 8 077 (3 176 men).

[Issues of Adipokine Regulation in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Systemic Osteopenia].

Purpose: to determine the role of adipokines and vascular remodeling in formation of osteoporosis in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH).

Materials And Methods: Functional and hemodynamic parameters, bone mineral density (BMD) T-score in lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN), blood serum levels of leptin, adiponectin, visfatin and endothelin-1 were measured in 27 patients with severe IPAH and 30 healthy volunteers.

Results: Half of IPAH patients had osteoporosis.

[Experience With Serelaksin for Acute Right Ventricular Failure due to Pulmonary Embolism in Acute Ischemic Stroke].

to demonstrate effects of serelaxin in treatment of acute right ventricular failure (ARVF) caused by pulmonary embolism (PE).

[IMMUNOLOGICAL AND NON-IMMUNOLOGICAL PATHOGENETIC MECHANISMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF COMPLICATED FORMS OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS (REVIEW)].

Difficult to control atopic dermatitis (AD) presents a therapeutic challenge and often requires combinations of topical and systemic treatment. Causes of severe AD are individual in each patient (e.g.

[Treatment of paracolostomic hernias using polypropylene mesh].

It was analyzed the results of treatment of 23 patients with large paracolostomic hernias. Twenty patients underwent colostomy suturing and hernial ring Onlay-plasty with polypropylene mesh without tension. Onlay-plasty of hernial ring with own tissues and polypropylene mesh and colostomy reconstruction outside of implant were performed in 3 patients.

PUMA protein in p53 regulatory molecule pattern determines the prognosis for patients with lymphoproliferative diseases.

The pool of apoptosis regulator proteins (p53, PUMA, p21, and MDM2) in the bone marrow, lymph node, and other tumor substrate cells were studied by immunocytochemical analysis in patients with chronic lymphoproliferative diseases. Two groups of patients were distinguished, with the disease course differing by activities of the studied molecules. Activity of p53 was the minimum in the group with benign course of the disease, and protein p21 was not detected; MDM2 protein was present in moderate amounts in the presence of high PUMA activity.

Effects of polypropylene and polytetrafluoroethylene prostheses for abdominal plasty on local and systemic cytokine production.

We studied the effects of Esphyl polypropylene mesh and Ecoflon polytetrafluoroethylene endoprostheses on local and systemic production of cytokines. Polytetrafluoroethylene is a more reactogenic material than polypropylene; it stimulates mainly the local production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The local anti-inflammatory effect of polypropylene was less pronounced, but persisted for longer time.

Apoptosis regulator proteins: basis for the development of innovation strategies for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in patients of different age.

Apoptosis markers (p53, PUMA, p21, and Mdm2) were studied in patients with rheumatoid arthritis at the early and late stages of disease on bone marrow smears and frozen sections of the articular synovial membrane. The target molecules were found in all patients. The early stage was characterized by maximum expression of antiapoptotic (Mdm2) molecule and the minimum expression of proapoptotic molecules (p53, PUMA, and p21).

Morphological validation of hydroxyethylstarch use during the acute period of severe brain injury.

The effects of 10% hydroxyethylstarch solution on the cerebral microcirculatory bed and the blood-brain barrier were studied in Wistar rats during the acute period of severe brain injury. Positive changes in the morphometric values of the cerebral capillaries were observed in animals receiving intravenous injections of the drug, which promoted reduction of vascular permeability and cerebral tissue edema. These results confirmed the efficiency of hydroxyethylstarch as a component of infusion therapy in patients with severe brain injury.

Vasomotor activity of the aorta during chronic smoking modeling.

We studied vasomotor responses of aortic endothelium in a rat model of chronic smoking. It was found that long-term exposure to tobacco smoke (inhalation) impaired vasomotor function of the aortic endothelium leading to insufficient vasodilator activity and enhanced vasoconstriction. After the cessation of inhalations, vasomotor disturbances were not only preserved, but also exacerbated because of increased pathological endothelium-independent vasoconstriction.

Immunolocation of cystationine β-synthase in cerebral pontile nuclei in humans.

The immunolocation of cystationine β-synthase in the motor, sensitive, and autonomic nuclei of the cerebral pons was studied on the material from 8 healthy men aged 18-44 years dead from traumas not involving the CNS. The motor nuclei contained numerous large intensely stained cells, while the sensitive and autonomic nuclei contained many small neurons with low levels of cystationine β-synthase marker. However, cells with intense reaction were found among small neurons.

Distribution of H2S synthesis enzymes in the walls of cerebral arteries in rats.

The distribution of two enzymes involved in H(2)S synthesis, cystationine β-synthase (CBS) and cystationine γ-liase (CSE), was studied in the walls of the internal carotid artery, order I-V branches of the middle cerebral artery basin, and intracerebral vessels of adult Wistar rats. Immunohistochemical staining showed the presence of CBS in the endothelium of small pial arteries (order IV-V branches) and intracerebral arterioles and in the capillary walls, neurons, and vascular nerves. As for CSE, in the internal carotid artery and large (order I-II) pial branches it was found mainly in the tunica media myocytes, in order III-IV vessels in myocytes and endothelium, and in smaller pial and intracerebral vessels in the endothelium.

Apoptosis as a mechanism of maxillary sinus mucosa injury in rats after experimental transection of the maxillary nerve.

Transection of the maxillary nerve initiates apoptosis of the maxillary sinus mucosa cells in rats. Significant activation of apoptosis and proapoptotic factor p53 was found in the epithelium during week 1 after nerve transection. In delayed period after injury, apoptotic cells predominated in the submucosa against the background of Bcl-2 hypoexpression.

Changes in inducible NO synthase in the pial arteries of different diameters in hypertensive rats.

Biomicroscopy of pial arteries of branching orders 1-5 in Wistar rats with induced renovascular hypertension revealed a common trend to vasoconstriction. Up to week 4 of arterial hypertension the diameters decreased mainly in arterial branches of orders 1-2, while at weeks 8-10 the reaction was significantly more manifest in branches of orders 4-5. During weeks 12-16, vessels with solitary club deformations or several alternating dilated and stenosed portions appeared in rats with renovascular hypertension.

Changes in neurons of medulla oblongata nuclei under conditions of chronic NO-synthase inhibition.

Nucleus tractus solitarius and giant-cell and lateral reticular nuclei were studied using the reaction to NADPH-diaphorase in 7-, 10-, 14-, 30-, 45-, 60-day-and 3- and 6-month-old rats receiving L-NAME (50 μg/kg, 2 times a day) on days 1-6 of life. In 7-14-day-old rats, the compound reduced NO-synthase activity in the majority of NO-neurons and the total number and to a lesser degree the relative number of these neurons, while cell cross-section areas remained practically unchanged. The differences in the corresponding quantitative parameters between the control (D-NAME administration) and experimental groups decreased with time after the last L-NAME injection and became undetectable starting from the age of 30-45 days.

[The distribution of heme oxygenase-2 in the brainstem nuclei of rats].

Immunocytochemical method was used to determine the distribution of neurons expressing heme oxygenase-2 (HO-2-positive neurons) in the nuclei of various parts of the brainstem of 16 male Wistar rats. The sizes of neurons and the optical density of the product of histochemical reaction in their cytoplasm were determined in the nuclei studied. HO-2-positive neurons, differing in shape, size and numbers, were identified in the nuclei of the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain.

Age-associated characteristics of vasomotor regulation of the pia mater arteries in rats.

The endothelium-dependent and myogenic reactions of pia mater arteries of the 1st-5th branching orders were studied in 1-, 3-, and 24-month-old rats by biomicroscopy method. The endothelium-independent (myogenic) reaction predominated in the 1st-3rd order branches and the endothelium-dependent vascular reaction in the 5th order branches of 3-month-old rats. Both regulatory mechanisms were equally developed in the 4th order branches.

Small molecules regulating apoptosis in the synovium in rheumatoid arthritis.

Objectives: To study the rate of apoptosis and expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic molecules in the synovial membrane in early and late rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: Samples of the synovium, cartilage, synovial fluid, and blood serum were obtained from patients with seropositive RA. The localization of Bcl-2-, p53- and TUNEL-immunoreactive cells in the synovial membrane was studied.

Nitroxidergic nerve fibers of intracerebral vessels.

Light and electron histochemical methods were used to study the structure and distribution of neurons containing NADPH diaphorase and their processes in the parietal area of the cortex in rats. Most neurons were found to be characterized by tight associations with intracerebral vessels. The smallest distances between the axon plasmalemma and the smooth myocytes of intracerebral arteries in the cerebral cortex were at least 0.

Cerium binding activity of different pectin compounds in aqueous solutions.

Cerium binding activity of different water soluble pectin compounds varying according to their degree of esterification and insoluble calcium pectate beads in aqueous solution was studied in a batch sorption system. The cerium uptake by all pectin compounds was highest within the pH range from 4.0 to 6.

Nitroxidergic neurons in nuclei of the medulla oblongata in hypertensive and normotensive rats.

Distribution of nitroxidergic neurons and neuronal NO-synthase activity in certain medulla oblongata nuclei were studied in normotensive and hypertensive rats with different types of arterial hypertension. In rats with renovascular hypertension, neuronal NO-synthase activity markedly decreased in most nuclei 2 weeks after surgery, while the number of NO-positive cells did not change significantly; after 4 weeks, the percentage of NO-positive neuron markedly decreased and neuronal NO-synthase activity also slightly decreased. No further decrease in neuronal NO-synthase activity was observed 8 week after intervention, but the percentage of NO-neurons decreased compared to that in normotensive rats.

NO-positive neurons in some nuclei of human bulbar vasomotor center in arterial hypertension.

The distribution of nitroxidergic neurons and activities of neuronal NO synthase in them in some nuclei of the bulbar vasomotor center were studied in patients with early forms of arterial hypertension. Activity of neuronal NO synthase is reduced significantly in the majority of nuclei in patients with early forms of arterial hypertension, while the content of NO-positive cells was only slightly changed. More pronounced changes in this parameter were detected in the solitary tract nuclei in comparison with the reticular formation nuclei, which had efferent relationships with the intermediate lateral spinal nucleus.

Effects of NO-modulating agents on the development of acute painful reaction in rats.

Painful reaction of rats to intraperitoneal injections of L-arginine, Nw-nitro-L-arginine, and agmatine was studied on the model of formalin-induced inflammation. All drugs exhibited a dubious effect on the patterns of nociceptive behavior depending on the phase of painful reaction. The dynamics of nitrate/nitrite content in animal blood and serum indicated the presence of NO-dependent and NO-independent components in the mechanisms of pharmacological effects of these drugs.