Bilateral arterial occlusions masking retinitis in a HIV-positive male.

We report an interesting case of 36-year-old HIV-positive male with uveitis, cilioretinal artery occlusion in OD, and superotemporal branch retinal artery occlusion in OS. Hypercoagulability, cardiovascular, and rheumatologic workups were unremarkable. Aqueous taps were negative for toxoplasma, viruses, and MTb by multiplex polymerase chain reaction.

In Response to Laovirojjanakul W., Acharya N. and Gonzales J. A.'s "Ultra-Widefield Fluorescein Angiography in Intermediate Uveitis".

We read with great interest the article by Laovirojjanakul et al. on ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography in intermediate uveitis. We would like to share a similar case of chronic intermediate uveitis highlighting a fern-like pattern of diffuse vascular leakage on fluorescein angiography, with good visual acuity, absence of clinically active inflammation, and a similar fluorescein angiography picture over a follow-up of 4 years.

The Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS)-1 Report 3: Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Diagnosis and Management of Tubercular Uveitis: Global Trends.

: To analyze the role of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of ocular fluids in management of tubercular (TB) anterior, intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis. In Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS)-1 (25 centers,  = 962), patients with TB-related uveitis were included. 59 patients undergoing PCR of intraocular fluids (18 females; 53 Asian Indians) were included.

Clinical Features and Outcomes of Patients With Tubercular Uveitis Treated With Antitubercular Therapy in the Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS)-1.

Importance: Eradication of systemic tuberculosis (TB) has been limited by neglected populations and the HIV pandemic. Whereas ocular TB often presents as uveitis without any prior evidence of systemic TB, the existing uncertainty in the diagnosis of TB uveitis may perpetuate missed opportunities to address systemic TB.

Objective: To examine the clinical features of TB uveitis and the associations with response to antitubercular therapy (ATT).

Clinical Profile of Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus in a South Indian Patient Population.

Purpose: To analyze and compare the clinical profile of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) patients in a South Indian patient population aged <60 years and ≥60 years and determine the risk factors for recurrence of ocular inflammation.

Methods: Retrospective study of 249 cases between 2006 and 2016 from two tertiary referral eye centres in south india.

Results: Out of 249 cases, 189 cases were <60 years (Group 1) and 60 cases were aged ≥60 years (Group2).

Tonic Pupil in Cytomegalovirus Anterior Uveitis in an Immunocompetent Adult Male - A Case Report.

Purpose: To report an interesting case of development of tonic pupil in an immunocompetent male with cytomegalovirus (CMV) anterior uveitis.

Methods: Retrospective case report Results: A 30-year-old Iranian healthy male was diagnosed to have Posner-Schlossman syndrome (OS). Aqueous tap was positive for CMV by multiplex Polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Challenges of Diagnosing Viral Anterior Uveitis.

The viral causes of anterior uveitis (AU) emerged with the use of novel molecular diagnostic tests and serologic tests adapted for small volumes (Goldmann-Witmer Coefficient). The viral causes of AU may be underestimated, and some of the presumed idiopathic AU cases will probably be proven to be of viral origin in the coming years. So far, a viral origin of AU was suspected in patients who presented with unilateral hypertensive AU.

Toward Postgenomics Ophthalmology: A Proteomic Map of the Human Choroid-Retinal Pigment Epithelium Tissue.

Ophthalmology and visual health research have received relatively limited attention from the personalized medicine community, but this trend is rapidly changing. Postgenomics technologies such as proteomics are being utilized to establish a baseline biological variation map of the human eye and related tissues. In this context, the choroid is the vascular layer situated between the outer sclera and the inner retina.

Atypical Tolosa Hunt syndrome with bilateral sclerokeratitis and optic atrophy in Takayasu's arteritis.

Purpose: We report an interesting case of atypical Tolosa Hunt syndrome with bilateral Sclerokeratitis and optic atrophy in a patient with Takayasu's arteritis.

Observations: A 31-year- old lady presented with severe retroorbital pain in the right eye and right sided headache of 2 weeks duration. She had a history of 6th and 7th nerve palsies which improved with oral corticosteroids.

A Comprehensive Proteomics Analysis of the Human Iris Tissue: Ready to Embrace Postgenomics Precision Medicine in Ophthalmology?

The annual economic burden of visual disorders in the United States was estimated at $139 billion. Ophthalmology is therefore one of the salient application fields of postgenomics biotechnologies such as proteomics in the pursuit of global precision medicine. Interestingly, the protein composition of the human iris tissue still remains largely unexplored.

Reply to "Early resolution of subretinal fluid without high-dose corticosteroids in a pregnant patient with Vogt-Koyanagi Harada disease" by Sugita et al.

We read with great interest the article by Sugita et al. on early resolution of subretinal fluid without high-dose corticosteroids in a pregnant patient with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. We would like to share a similar experience where the subretinal fluid resolved within 2 weeks without treatment in a pregnant woman who was in her second trimester.

High Resolution Chest Computerized Tomography in the Diagnosis of Ocular Sarcoidosis in a High TB Endemic Population.

Purpose: To review the role of high resolution chest computed tomography (HRCT) in ocular sarcoidosis in a high TB endemic population.

Methods: This was a retrospective study.

Results: Out of 140 cases, 54 had ocular sarcoidosis, while 86 cases had ocular tuberculosis.

Review of Results of QuantiFERON TB Gold Test in Presumed Ocular Tuberculosis in a South Indian Patient Population.

Aim: To review the results of QuantiFERON TB gold (QFT-G) in our patient population of presumed ocular tuberculosis and the effect of antitubercular therapy (ATT) on the QFT-G result.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective review of 82 cases of presumed ocular tuberculosis with a successful response to ATT and 6 months follow-up post-ATT. Appropriate statistical analysis was done for associations between QFT-G and independent variables.

Chronic endophthalmitis due to Pyrenocheta romeroi in an immunocompetent host--a case report from southern India.

Purpose: Endophthalmitis due to Pyrenochaeta romeroi has not been reported in literature (PubMed, Medline). We report an interesting case of P. romeroi causing chronic endophthalmitis in an immunocompetent lady.

Proteomic analysis of human vitreous humor.

Background: The vitreous humor is a transparent, gelatinous mass whose main constituent is water. It plays an important role in providing metabolic nutrient requirements of the lens, coordinating eye growth and providing support to the retina. It is in close proximity to the retina and reflects many of the changes occurring in this tissue.

Orbital and adnexal tuberculosis: a case series from a South Indian population.

Background: Orbital tuberculosis (OTb) is rare and may be regarded as a manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. We report an interesting case series of six patients with varied presentations of orbital and adnexal tuberculosis in a South Indian patient population.

Results: A retrospective, interventional case series of six patients diagnosed with orbital and adnexal tuberculosis on the basis of clinical, radiological and histopathological evaluations between 2010 and 2013 was performed.

Unilateral snow banking in tuberculosis-related intermediate uveitis.

Snow banking is usually a term coined to describe the accumulation of vitreous exudates over the pars plana and the peripheral retina in pars planitis. Snow banking is very rare in tubercular intermediate uveitis. A 32-year-old male was diagnosed to have intermediate uveitis due to tubercular etiology in the right eye.

Clinical profile of isolated viral anterior uveitis in a South Indian patient population.

Aim: To analyze the clinic profile of polymerase chain reaction proven viral anterior uveitis in a south Indian patient population.

Materials & Methods: Retrospective, nonrandomized study between January 2009 and July 2012.

Results: Out of the 36 patients with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive viral anterior uveitis, 24 patients had varicella zoster virus (VZV) anterior uveitis, 7 patients had HSV anterior uveitis, 3 patients had cytomegalovirus (CMV) anterior uveitis, and 2 patients had chikungunya virus related anterior uveitis.

Characterizing the normal proteome of human ciliary body.

Background: The ciliary body is the circumferential muscular tissue located just behind the iris in the anterior chamber of the eye. It plays a pivotal role in the production of aqueous humor, maintenance of the lens zonules and accommodation by changing the shape of the crystalline lens. The ciliary body is the major target of drugs against glaucoma as its inhibition leads to a drop in intraocular pressure.

Cytomegalovirus anterior uveitis in immunocompetent individuals following topical prostaglandin analogues.

Background: The aim of this study is to report two interesting cases of cytomegalovirus (CMV) anterior uveitis following topical prostaglandin analogue administration for glaucoma. Two retrospective case studies are presented.

Findings: A 40-year-old immunocompetent lady with a history of Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis with secondary glaucoma in the right eye since 2005 was diagnosed to have CMV anterior uveitis by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 2009.

Sarcoidosis in tuberculosis-endemic regions: India.

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disease of unknown etiology affecting multiple organs. Earlier reports suggested that sarcoidosis was a disease of the developed world. However, recent reports suggest that the disease is found in the developing countries as well.

Medical management of uveitis - current trends.

Uveitis is a challenging disease to treat. Corticosteroids have been used in the treatment of uveitis for many years. Immunosuppressives are gaining momentum in recent years in the treatment of uveitis.