Relationship between Choroidal Thickness and Anterior Scleral Thickness in Patients with Keratoconus.

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between choroidal thickness (CT) and anterior scleral thickness (AST) in patients with subclinical keratoconus (SKC) and established keratoconus (KC).

Methods: This single-center prospective case-control study included 97 eyes of 97 patients: 44 KC eyes, 14 SKC eyes, and 39 age- and axial length (AL)-matched healthy eyes. Using swept-source optical coherence tomography, the AST was manually measured in four directions and the CT was obtained automatically from the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid.

Standardized clinical evaluation of dry anophthalmic socket syndrome in a real-world approach.

Purpose: To assess which signs and eye prosthesis care habits are related to subjective discomfort in patients with dry anophthalmic socket syndrome (DASS), using standardized tools from daily practice.

Methods: 62 anophthalmic sockets were compared with their healthy fellow eye using the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) score. The correlations between SPEED questionnaire and the prosthesis care, discharge characteristics score, conjunctival inflammation score, meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) scores and Schirmer I test were studied.

Subfoveal and Parafoveal Choroidal Thickening in Patients with Keratoconus Using the ETDRS Grid on Swept-Source OCT.

Introduction: There is growing evidence that confirms morphological changes in the posterior structures in patients with keratoconus (KC); however, isolated alterations could have been missed. This study assesses choroidal thickness (CT) in the fovea and beyond in KC eyes.

Methods: This prospective case-control and non-randomized study enrolled 107 eyes, 62 eyes of 62 patients with KC, and 45 age-matched eyes of 45 control subjects with axial length in the range of 22-26 mm.

Anterior Scleral Thickness Profile in Keratoconus.

Purpose: Considering that peripheral corneal thinning occurs in keratoconus (KC), the anterior scleral thickness (AST) profile was measured to compare thickness variations in healthy and KC eyes across several meridians.

Methods: This cross-sectional case-control study comprised 111 eyes of 111 patients: 61 KC eyes and 50 age- and axial-length-matched healthy eyes. The AST was explored at three scleral eccentricities (1, 2, and 3 mm from the scleral spur) across four scleral zones (nasal, temporal, superior, and inferior) by using swept-source optical coherence tomography.

The Link between Anterior Scleral Thickness, Corneal Biomechanical Response, and Ocular Parameters.

Introduction: This study aimed to assess anterior scleral thickness (AST) across diverse scleral meridians and to evaluate the relationship with corneal biomechanical response and several ocular parameters.

Methods: This prospective nonrandomized study comprised 50 eyes of 50 patients (mean age, 29.02 ± 9.

DMEK graft: One size does not fit all.

Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) is a popular procedure for the treatment of corneal endothelial diseases mainly targeting Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) and pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK). Although DMEK has multiple advantages, it is challenging in terms of graft preparation and delivery. One of the crucial factors of DMEK graft preparation is determining the size of the graft.

Serum 25(OH) Vitamin D Levels in Pregnant Women with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Case-Control Study.

The physiological changes during pregnancy may increase the risk of complications in pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vitamin D is a fat-soluble secosteroid hormone and its role in immunity is appears to be of particular importance in this recent pandemic. Nevertheless, there is little research about the role of vitamin D levels regarding COVID-19 in pregnant women to date.

Anterior-Segment Swept-Source Ocular Coherence Tomography and Scheimpflug Imaging Agreement for Keratometry and Pupil Measurements in Healthy Eyes.

This study examines agreement between the devices Anterion and Pentacam HR used for corneal and pupil measurements in healthy eyes. The parameters compared between the two devices were: anterior Km (D), anterior K2 (D), anterior K1 (D), anterior K1 axis (°), anterior astigmatism (D), anterior K max (D), posterior Km (D), posterior K2 (D), posterior K1 (D), posterior K1 axis (°), posterior astigmatism (D), CCT (µm), thinnest point thickness (µm), thinnest point X-coordinate (mm), thinnest point Y-coordinate (mm), pupil diameter (mm), pupil center-corneal vertex distance (mm) (angle kappa), pupil centroid angle (°), pupil centroid X-coordinate (mm), and pupil centroid Y-coordinate (mm). The Student's test for independent samples identified significant differences ( < 0.

Preliminary Characterization of Predictive Factors of the Visual Change after Epi-On and Epi-Off Corneal Collagen Crosslinking Techniques.

Purpose: To investigate the potential predictive factors of the visual change achieved with accelerated epi-on and epi-off corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) in keratoconus.

Methods: This retrospective comparative study analyzed 67 eyes treated with an accelerated epithelium-on (epi-on group) and epithelium-off (epi-off group) CXL. The clinical outcomes were evaluated and compared during a 1-year follow-up.

Anterior segment involvement in Epstein-Barr virus: a review.

The aim of this study is to describe the involvement of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) in the diseases of the ocular anterior segment. This is a narrative review designed using the PUBMED, SCOPE and Web of Science databases, searching for reported literature on findings in the anterior ocular segment related to EBV between 1990 and 2020. Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is implicated in the development of salmon-coloured conjunctival masses in the context of acute mononucleosis and lymphoproliferative disorders.

Refractive corneal inlay implantation outcomes: a preliminary systematic review.

Purpose: To review all case series of refractive corneal inlay implantation: Flexivue (Presbia, Netherlands), Invue (BioVision, Brügg, Switzerland) and Icolens (Neoptics, Hünenberg, Switzerland) performed in presbyopia patients and to evaluate the reported visual outcomes. In addition, our aim is to provide assessment for complications and to report the satisfaction rates.

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were consulted using "refractive corneal inlay", "Flexivue Inlay", "Invue Inlay" and "Icolens inlay" as keywords.

Evaluation of a new nomogram for Ferrara ring segment implantation in keratoconus.

Aim: To evaluate the short-term clinical outcomes of Ferrara rings in keratoconus using an optimized nomogram developed after several years of research and retrospective analysis of clinical data.

Methods: This prospective longitudinal non-comparative clinical trial evaluated 88 eyes of 88 patients (age 18-62y) with keratoconus diagnosis from two Spanish centers. Ferrara ring segment (AJL Ophthalmic) implantation was performed in all cases, using the mechanical procedure in 25 eyes (28.

The Combined Effect of Tropicamide and Phenylephrine on Corneal Astigmatism Axis.

Purpose: To analyze astigmatism axis changes after tropicamide and phenylephrine combined instillation.

Method: One hundred and thirty-one eyes from 66 patients enrolled this cross-sectional study. An extensive ocular examination was carried out prior to tropicamide and phenylephrine instillation.

Plasma Rich in Growth Factors (PRGF) in Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy (TPRK).

To evaluate the usage of plasma rich in growth factor (PRGF) in transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TPRK) in low and moderate myopia, patients who underwent myopic and astigmatism TPRK with PRGF were involved in this retrospective, observational study. Subjects underwent a surgical procedure between February 2019 and June 2019. A three-month follow-up was recorded.

Global multi-site, prospective analysis of cataract surgery outcomes following ICHOM standards: the European CAT-Community.

Purpose: To evaluate in a large sample of patients from 10 different European centers the results of cataract surgery, characterizing the relationship between patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) and clinician-reported outcome measures (CROMs).

Methods: Prospective non-interventional multicenter observational descriptive study analyzing the clinical outcomes of a total of 3799 cases undergoing cataract surgery (mean age: 72.7 years).

Corneal densitometry patterns in Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty and Descemet stripping automated keratoplasty.

Purpose: To compare corneal densitometry in a consecutive series of 52 endothelial keratoplasties (DMEK/DSAEK) using a Scheimpflug-based device after six months of follow-up.

Methods: Corneal densitometry (CD) values of 102 eyes were divided into three main groups: 33 DMEKs, 19 DSAEKs, and 50 healthy eyes without previous ocular surgery. The CD values were then analyzed and compared between the groups.

Comparison of Different Methods of Corneal Collagen Crosslinking: A Systematic Review.

: To review the scientific literature on the comparison of the efficacy of different corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) protocols for the treatment of progressive keratoconus. Systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on CXL outcomes. A search was carried out using the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Ovid MEDLINE, and Scopus databases.

Clinical Analysis of Central Islands after Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE).

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence of central islands after 6-month follow-up of Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) and to assess their role in safety and accuracy.

Methods: Analysis of the preoperative and postoperative corneal tomography, best spectacle refraction and corrected distance visual acuity of 82 subjects that underwent SMILE. Incidence of central islands was assessed through total corneal spherical aberration (SA) over 4 mm of central diameter and the SA was compared between two groups with and without safety loss (CDVA difference ≥0.

Agreement between subjective and predicted high and low contrast visual acuities with a double-pass system.

Purpose: To evaluate the agreement between subjective high and low contrast visual acuity (VA) and predicted values from double-pass system measurements in healthy candidates to laser refractive surgery.

Methods: Ninety-two eyes measured during the preoperative screening to laser refractive surgery were included in this retrospective analysis. High contrast subjective visual acuity (HCVA) and low contrasts at 20% (LCVA20) and 9% (LCVA9) were compared with the predicted VA obtained with a commercial double-pass system (OQAS) at the same levels of contrast, 100% (OV100), 20% (OV20), and 9% (OV9).

Standard Results and Contrast Sensitivity Reestablishment after Implantation of a Trifocal Intraocular Lens.

Purpose/aim: To assess, following the standards, the results of safety, efficacy and predictability for a trifocal intraocular lens and to evaluate contrast sensitivity and visual acuity defocus curve.

Materials And Methods: Fifty subjects operated on cataract surgery or refractive lens exchange with a trifocal intraocular lens have been recruited for the study. The monocular uncorrected visual acuity (VA) at far, intermediate (67 cm) and near (40 cm) distances in addition to corrected VA at far and near distances was evaluated at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after surgery.

Feasibility of optical quality analysis system for the objective assessment of accommodation insufficiency: a phase 1 study.

Purpose: To assess differences in a new objective metric obtained with a double-pass technique between a group with accommodation insufficiency (AI) and a control group and to explore the diagnostic capabilities of this new tool in comparison to conventional procedures.

Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional case-control phase 1 study. Two groups with ages ranging from 8 to 18 years were recruited: AI and control group.