Dissociative and prioritized modeling of behaviorally relevant neural dynamics using recurrent neural networks.

Understanding the dynamical transformation of neural activity to behavior requires new capabilities to nonlinearly model, dissociate and prioritize behaviorally relevant neural dynamics and test hypotheses about the origin of nonlinearity. We present dissociative prioritized analysis of dynamics (DPAD), a nonlinear dynamical modeling approach that enables these capabilities with a multisection neural network architecture and training approach. Analyzing cortical spiking and local field potential activity across four movement tasks, we demonstrate five use-cases.

Circulation of rare events in the liquid biopsy for early detection of lung mass lesions.

Background: Lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography (CT) scans (LDCT) has reduced mortality for patients with high-risk smoking histories, but it has significant limitations: LDCT screening implementation remains low, high rates of false-positive scans, and current guidelines exclude those without smoking histories. We sought to explore the utility of liquid biopsy (LBx) in early cancer screening and diagnosis of lung cancer.

Methods: Using the high-definition single-cell assay workflow, we analyzed 99 peripheral blood samples from three cohorts: normal donors (NDs) with no known pathology (n = 50), screening CT patients (n = 25) with Lung-RADS score of 1-2, and biopsy (BX) patients (n = 24) with abnormal CT scans requiring tissue biopsy.

Human-centered design approach to building a transition readiness mHealth intervention for early adolescents.

Objective: Mobile health (mHealth) interventions may be an efficacious strategy for promoting health behaviors among pediatric populations, but their success at the implementation stage has proven challenging. The purpose of this article is to provide a blueprint for using human-centered design (HCD) methods to maximize the potential for implementation, by sharing the example of a youth-, family-, and clinician-engaged process of creating an mHealth intervention aimed at promoting healthcare transition readiness.

Method: Following HCD methods in partnership with three advisory councils, we conducted semistructured interviews with 13- to 15-year-old patients and their caregivers in two phases.

Enhanced T cell activation and cytotoxicity against AML via targeted anti-CD99 nanoparticle treatment.

CD99 is a transmembrane protein overexpressed in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), presenting a potential novel therapeutic target. Our group has previously developed anti-CD99-A192 (α-CD99-A192), comprising of single chain variable fragment (scFv) and elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs), and reported promising anti-leukemic activity in AML preclinical models. Treatment with α-CD99-A192 induced apoptosis in AML cell lines and prolonged survival in AML xenograft models.

Tumor spheroid elasticity estimation using mechano-microscopy combined with a conditional generative adversarial network.

Background And Objectives: Techniques for imaging the mechanical properties of cells are needed to study how cell mechanics influence cell function and disease progression. Mechano-microscopy (a high-resolution variant of compression optical coherence elastography) generates elasticity images of a sample undergoing compression from the phase difference between optical coherence microscopy (OCM) B-scans. However, the existing mechano-microscopy signal processing chain (referred to as the algebraic method) assumes the sample stress is uniaxial and axially uniform, such that violation of these assumptions reduces the accuracy and precision of elasticity images.

Neuroanatomical and clinical factors predicting future cognitive impairment.

Identifying cognitively normal (CN) older adults who will convert to cognitive impairment (CI) due to Alzheimer's disease is crucial for early intervention. Clinical and neuroimaging measures were acquired from 301 CN adults who converted to CI within 15 years of baseline, and 294 who did not. Regional volumes and brain age measures were extracted from T-weighted magnetic resonance images.

Understanding patient-derived tumor organoid growth through an integrated imaging and mathematical modeling framework.

Patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTOs) are novel cellular models that maintain the genetic, phenotypic and structural features of patient tumor tissue and are useful for studying tumorigenesis and drug response. When integrated with advanced 3D imaging and analysis techniques, PDTOs can be used to establish physiologically relevant high-throughput and high-content drug screening platforms that support the development of patient-specific treatment strategies. However, in order to effectively leverage high-throughput PDTO observations for clinical predictions, it is critical to establish a quantitative understanding of the basic properties and variability of organoid growth dynamics.

Verbal Learning and Memory Deficits across Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Insights from an ENIGMA Mega Analysis.

Deficits in memory performance have been linked to a wide range of neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. While many studies have assessed the memory impacts of individual conditions, this study considers a broader perspective by evaluating how memory recall is differentially associated with nine common neuropsychiatric conditions using data drawn from 55 international studies, aggregating 15,883 unique participants aged 15-90. The effects of dementia, mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injury, stroke, depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder on immediate, short-, and long-delay verbal learning and memory (VLM) scores were estimated relative to matched healthy individuals.

Multimodal analysis of temporal affective variability within treatment for depression.

Objective: Affective flexibility, the capacity to respond to life's varying environmental changes in a dynamic and adaptive manner, is considered a central aspect of psychological health in many psychotherapeutic approaches. The present study examined whether affective two-dimensional (i.e.

2023 Inaugural Healthcare Delivery Science: Innovation and Partnerships for Health Equity Research (DESCIPHER) Symposium.

Introduction: This article provides an overview of presentations and discussions from the inaugural Healthcare Delivery Science: Innovation and Partnerships for Health Equity Research (DESCIPHER) Symposium.

Methods: The symposium brought together esteemed experts from various disciplines to explore models for translating evidence-based interventions into practice.

Results: The symposium highlighted the importance of disruptive innovation in healthcare, the need for multi-stakeholder engagement, and the significance of family and community involvement in healthcare interventions.

Single-cell somatic copy number alteration profiling of vitreous humor seeds in retinoblastoma.

Background: Heterogeneity can impact biomarker identification. Thus, we investigated the somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) of individual tumor cells in the vitreous humor of a retinoblastoma patient using single-cell whole-genome profiling and explored the genomic concordance among vitreous and aqueous humor, vitreous seeds, and tumor.

Methods: Aqueous humor (AH), vitreous humor (VH), and tumor biopsy were obtained from an enucleated globe with retinoblastoma and vitreous seeding.

FLT3/CD99 Bispecific Antibody-Based Nanoparticles for Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Unlabelled: Cluster of differentiation 99 (CD99) is a receptor that is significantly upregulated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication mutation in AML (FLT3-ITD AML) exhibits even higher levels of CD99 expression. Our group previously employed a novel peptide platform technology called elastin-like polypeptides and fused it with single-chain antibodies capable of binding to FLT3 (FLT3-A192) or CD99 (CD99-A192).

Engineering programmable material-to-cell pathways via synthetic notch receptors to spatially control differentiation in multicellular constructs.

Synthetic Notch (synNotch) receptors are genetically encoded, modular synthetic receptors that enable mammalian cells to detect environmental signals and respond by activating user-prescribed transcriptional programs. Although some materials have been modified to present synNotch ligands with coarse spatial control, applications in tissue engineering generally require extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived scaffolds and/or finer spatial positioning of multiple ligands. Thus, we develop here a suite of materials that activate synNotch receptors for generalizable engineering of material-to-cell signaling.

Hypoxic-Normoxic Crosstalk Activates Pro-Inflammatory Signaling in Human Cardiac Fibroblasts and Myocytes in a Post-Infarct Myocardium on a Chip.

Myocardial infarctions locally deprive myocardium of oxygenated blood and cause immediate cardiac myocyte necrosis. Irreparable myocardium is then replaced with a scar through a dynamic repair process that is an interplay between hypoxic cells of the infarct zone and normoxic cells of adjacent healthy myocardium. In many cases, unresolved inflammation or fibrosis occurs for reasons that are incompletely understood, increasing the risk of heart failure.

Prediction of Micro- and Macrovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus using Heart Rate Variability.

Objective: To explore the utility of heart rate variability (HRV), a noninvasive marker of cardiac autonomic activity, as a prescreening tool for the prediction of micro- and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: Consenting type 2 diabetic patients of both genders between 30 and 70 years, without known micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes, were enrolled. Patients with medications affecting the HRV were excluded.

Associations between asymmetry and reactive balance control during split-belt walking.

The adaptive control of walking is often studied on a split-belt treadmill, where people gradually reduce their step length asymmetries (SLAs) by modulating foot placement and timing. Although it is proposed that this adaptation may be driven in part by a desire to reduce instability, it is unknown if changes in asymmetry impact people's ability to maintain balance in response to destabilizing perturbations. Here, we used intermittent perturbations to determine if changes in SLA affect reactive balance control as measured by whole-body angular momentum (WBAM) in the sagittal and frontal planes.

Beta-band power modulation in the human amygdala differentiates between go/no-go responses in an arm-reaching task.

. Traditionally known for its involvement in emotional processing, the amygdala's involvement in motor control remains relatively unexplored, with sparse investigations into the neural mechanisms governing amygdaloid motor movement and inhibition. This study aimed to characterize the amygdaloid beta-band (13-30 Hz) power between 'Go' and 'No-go' trials of an arm-reaching task.

A data-driven intravoxel mean diffusivities distribution approach for molecular classifications and MIB-1 prediction of gliomas.

Background: Measuring non-parametric intravoxel mean diffusivity distributions (MDDs) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a sensitive method for detecting intracellular diffusivity changes during physiological alterations. Histological and molecular glioma classifications are essential for prognosis and treatment, with distinct water diffusion dynamics among subtypes.

Purpose: We developed a data-driven approach using a fully connected network (FCN) to enhance the speed and stability of calculating MDDs across varying SNRs, enable tumor microstructural mapping, and test its reliability in identifying MIB-1 labeling index (LI) levels and molecular status of gliomas.

Diffusion Model-based FOD Restoration from High Distortion in dMRI.

Fiber orientation distributions (FODs) is a popular model to represent the diffusion MRI (dMRI) data. However, imaging artifacts such as susceptibility-induced distortion in dMRI can cause signal loss and lead to the corrupted reconstruction of FODs, which prohibits successful fiber tracking and connectivity analysis in affected brain regions such as the brain stem. Generative models, such as the diffusion models, have been successfully applied in various image restoration tasks.

Beta-band power classification of go/no-go arm-reaching responses in the human hippocampus.

Can we classify movement execution and inhibition from hippocampal oscillations during arm-reaching tasks? Traditionally associated with memory encoding, spatial navigation, and motor sequence consolidation, the hippocampus has come under scrutiny for its potential role in movement processing. Stereotactic electroencephalography (SEEG) has provided a unique opportunity to study the neurophysiology of the human hippocampus during motor tasks. In this study, we assess the accuracy of discriminant functions, in combination with principal component analysis (PCA), in classifying between 'Go' and 'No-go' trials in a Go/No-go arm-reaching task.