4,089 results match your criteria: "Vitamin A Toxicity"
In vitro model of reconstructed human corneal epithelium for the evaluation of ocular surface desiccation and protection with vitamin A enriched ophthalmic ointment.
J Pharm Sci
December 2024
Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega. Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a paraffin ointment enriched with vitamin A in the protection against severe desiccation using 2D and 3D corneal epithelial in vitro models. We used immortalized human corneal epithelial cell cultures to evaluate the efficacy of four compounds -a paraffin ointment enriched with vitamin A (vA-PFF) and its vehicle; an aqueous gel containing hydroxypropyl guar (HPG); and an aqueous gel containing sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)- to preserve cell viability in an in vitro model of desiccation. WST-1 and Live/Dead assays were used to study cell viability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutritional Benefits of Lycopene and Beta-Carotene: A Comprehensive Overview.
Food Sci Nutr
November 2024
Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University Jimma Ethiopia.
Article Synopsis
- Certain carotenoids like lycopene and beta-carotene, found in foods like tomatoes and carrots, are crucial for human health and help give plants their vibrant colors.
- These antioxidants contribute to lower risks of diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular issues, while also improving immune function and eye health.
- Overall, these carotenoids are considered safe, and including them in your diet can enhance overall well-being and disease prevention.
Saffron and its major constituents against neurodegenerative diseases: A mechanistic review.
Phytomedicine
December 2024
Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- * The study systematically reviews existing research on saffron and its key components, focusing on their effectiveness against NDDs and the signaling pathways involved in their action.
- * Results indicate that saffron and its metabolites—like crocin and safranal—can effectively manage various NDDs, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, by influencing apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress pathways.
An adverse outcome pathway approach linking retinoid signaling disruption to teratogenicity and population-level outcomes.
Aquat Toxicol
December 2024
RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Recent research is shifting focus to non-EATS pathways in endocrine disruption, with particular attention on retinoid signaling and its environmental impact due to its teratogenic effects.
- The study creates an Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) showing how retinoid disruption leads to severe malformations and survival issues in zebrafish, linking overactivation of Retinoic Acid Receptor to specific developmental effects.
- Key findings highlight sensitive periods for malformations, indicate that certain thresholds of retinoic acid exposure strongly impair health and survival in zebrafish, and advocate for better environmental risk assessment practices reflecting these impacts.
Toxicity and efficacy study of a combination of two retinoic acids in an ApoE knockout mouse model of atherosclerosis.
Korean J Physiol Pharmacol
November 2024
Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea.
Article Synopsis
- - Atherosclerosis, driven by inflammation and lipid buildup in arteries, is a significant factor in cardiovascular disease, primarily influenced by high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. - This study examines potassium retinoate (PA9RA), a synthetic blend of vitamin A metabolites, and its effectiveness in treating atherosclerosis compared to standard drugs like clopidogrel and atorvastatin in male ApoE mice on a Western-type diet. - PA9RA treatment showed significant reductions in body weight and atherosclerotic lesions, along with improvements in liver health, but also led to some side effects; results indicate PA9RA's potential as a superior treatment for atherosclerosis, warranting further research on its long-term impact.
Protein-bound AGEs derived from methylglyoxal induce pro-inflammatory response and barrier integrity damage in epithelial cells by disrupting the retinol metabolism.
Food Funct
November 2024
School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, 18 Xue Zheng Street, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang Province, China.
Article Synopsis
The Dark Side of the Sunshine Vitamin: A Case of Acute Renal Failure and Hypercalcaemia From Vitamin D Overconsumption.
Cureus
September 2024
Neurology, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Southampton, GBR.
Article Synopsis
- - Vitamin D toxicity is uncommon but can cause serious health issues, including high calcium levels in the blood (hypercalcemia) and complications like kidney failure and heart problems.
- - A case study of a 76-year-old man highlights the dangers of excessive long-term vitamin D use from supplements, leading to severe hypercalcemia and kidney injury.
- - The patient was treated with intravenous fluids and medications, including pamidronate, which ultimately helped improve his high calcium levels and kidney function.
Recovery of ammonia assimilating microbiome after Cr (VI) shock by bio-accelerators.
J Environ Manage
November 2024
School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; Laboratory of Water-sediment Regulation and Eco-decontamination, Jinan, Shandong, PR China. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- - The pretreatment process for wastewater often fails to fully remove heavy metals, risking system collapse and making it harder to treat pollutants in later stages, while heterotrophic ammonia assimilation (HAA) shows promise due to its stable microbial growth and resistance to heavy metal shocks.
- - The study examines three bio-accelerants—vitamin A, 6-benzylaminopurine, and α-ketoglutaric acid—that can help mitigate the effects of chromium (Cr VI) contamination on the HAA system, leading to a 60.4% increase in ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency within 6 days.
- - These bio-accelerants improve the HAA process by promoting the production of beneficial microbial components and enhancing competition
Antioxidant vitamins' modification of the adverse health effects induced by phthalate exposure: A scoping review of epidemiological and experimental studies.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
November 2024
Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- * Recent studies are reviewed that explore the potential of antioxidant vitamins—like A, C, E, and various B vitamins—to mitigate these risks, particularly regarding reproductive and neurological damage caused by phthalates.
- * The review indicates that while some epidemiological and experimental studies suggest a protective effect of these vitamins, more rigorous research is needed to understand the exact mechanisms and confirm these findings in humans.
[Decreased vision due to hypovitaminosis A in children with food selectivity].
Medicina (B Aires)
October 2024
Servicio de Nutrición y Diabetes, Hospital de Pediatría S.A.M.I.C. Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Article Synopsis
- Vitamin A deficiency can lead to serious eye problems and is often linked to selective eating habits in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
- A study involving 13 children showed that many had significant neurological issues and obesity-related conditions due to low Vitamin A levels, with 61.5% of them also diagnosed with ASD.
- Early identification of nutrient deficiencies through examining food intake is crucial for neuro-diverse children, as timely Vitamin A treatment can prevent long-term damage, including severe vision loss.
A microparticle delivery system for extended release of all-trans retinoic acid and its impact on macrophage insulin-like growth factor 1 release and myotube formation.
Int J Pharm
December 2024
Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, SC 29209, USA. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- - Muscle atrophy due to disuse, aging, or illness can lead to increased risks of injury and prolonged recovery, with macrophages playing a crucial role in muscle regeneration by releasing insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1).
- - Researchers encapsulated all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in microparticles to improve its bioavailability and promote IGF-1 release from macrophages, enhancing muscle cell formation and regeneration.
- - The study shows that ATRA-PLG microparticles are effectively taken up by macrophages and can stimulate IGF-1 production, supporting further research on its potential use in muscle recovery treatments.
A Peptide-Drug Conjugate-Based Nanoplatform for Immunometabolic Activation and In Situ Nerve Regeneration in Advanced-Stage Alzheimer's Disease.
Adv Mater
November 2024
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
Article Synopsis
- Developing drugs for Alzheimer's disease is tough because of strong physiological barriers and not fully understood mechanisms of the disease effect on brain cells.* -
- A new modular nanoplatform has been created that uses peptide-drug conjugates to transport drugs across the blood-brain barrier, targeting specific brain cells affected by inflammation.* -
- In studies on transgenic mice, this nanoplatform not only reduces toxic protein levels and inflammation but also increases neuron density, leading to improvements in learning and memory.*
Leucocytosis during induction therapy with all-trans-retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide in acute promyelocytic leukaemia predicts differentiation syndrome and treatment-related complications.
Br J Haematol
November 2024
Department of Hematology, SM Goretti Hospital, University Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- ATRA and ATO are the main treatments for low to medium risk acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), but many patients (60%) can have a side effect called leucocytosis, which means very high white blood cell counts.
- Researchers studied 65 APL patients and found that those with lower levels of important blood proteins (like fibrinogen) and higher amounts of cancer cells in their bone marrow were more likely to have leucocytosis when treated with ATRA and ATO.
- Leucocytosis can lead to other serious problems, so doctors need to keep a close eye on patients with these risk factors to help prevent issues and give extra treatments if needed.
Evaluation of developmental milestones and of brain measurements in rats exposed to the pesticide pyriproxyfen in prenatal period.
Int J Dev Neurosci
November 2024
Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil.
Article Synopsis
- Pyriproxyfen is a pesticide used in Brazil to combat Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which carry diseases like Zika and dengue, but it closely resembles retinoic acid, a crucial compound for fetal brain development.
- A study was conducted on rat pups to determine the effects of prenatal exposure to pyriproxyfen compared to a control group given vitamin A and a negative control group.
- Results showed that while both pyriproxyfen and excess vitamin A affected brain structure and development, the specific outcomes differed, with pyriproxyfen causing some delays in reflex responses but not as severely as vitamin A did.
Triazole fungicides disrupt embryonic stem cell differentiation: Potential modulatory role of the retinoic acid signaling pathway.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
September 2024
College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the developmental toxicity of triazole fungicides (TFs) and their effects on human health, focusing on how they might disrupt embryonic development via the retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathway.
- Researchers examined six common TFs and found they negatively impacted lineage commitment during early embryonic development in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs).
- The findings suggest that the RA signaling pathway's activation, affecting key gene expression and retinol transport, plays a significant role in the developmental issues linked to TF exposure, contributing to a better understanding of TFs’ impacts on pregnancy and early development.
Exosomes-mediated retinoic acid disruption: A link between gut microbiota depletion and impaired spermatogenesis.
Toxicology
November 2024
College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Lvyuan District, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- - The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating male reproductive health, but factors like antibiotics can disrupt this balance and lead to reproductive issues.
- - In a study using a mouse model, researchers found that antibiotic-induced depletion of gut microbiota resulted in reduced sperm count and germ cells in the testes, linked to molecular changes.
- - The findings suggest a new pathway involving gut microbiota, exosomes, and retinoic acid, where gut dysbiosis disrupts retinoic acid levels and impairs sperm production by affecting meiosis.
Glutamine is the only amino acid that can adequately support the generation of NADPH in rod photoreceptors.
Exp Eye Res
September 2024
Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- NADPH is crucial in vertebrate rod photoreceptors for converting all-trans retinal back to all-trans retinol after light activation, a necessary step for regenerating visual pigment.
- The conversion of all-trans retinal to retinol can be supported by glucose and glutamine, suggesting NADPH can be generated from both the pentose phosphate pathway and mitochondrial pathways.
- Experiments showed that while glucose and glutamine effectively facilitated the conversion (about 70-80%), other amino acids and taurine were not as effective, and formic acid inhibited NADPH generation.
In Vivo Chemical Screening in Zebrafish Embryos Identified FDA-Approved Drugs That Induce Differentiation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.
Int J Mol Sci
July 2024
Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
Article Synopsis
- Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of cancer characterized by issues in the growth and development of myeloid progenitor cells, making treatment difficult.
- Researchers developed genetically modified zebrafish to screen for effective drugs, identifying four FDA-approved medications (ethacrynic acid, khellin, oxcarbazepine, and alendronate) that promote myeloid differentiation in AML cells, with ethacrynic acid showing the best results.
- The study revealed that ethacrynic acid activates important signaling pathways involved in cell differentiation and works well in combination with another drug (ATRA), suggesting it could serve as a safer and more effective treatment option for AML.
Vitamin D Maintains Growth and Bone Mineral Density against a Background of Severe Vitamin A Deficiency and Moderate Toxicity in a Swine Model.
Nutrients
June 2024
Nutrition and Metabolism Graduate Program, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Article Synopsis
The power of trans-sodium crocetinate: exploring its renoprotective effects in a rat model of colistin-induced nephrotoxicity.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
December 2024
Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Article Synopsis
Resveratrol Modulates Diabetes-Induced Neuropathic Pain, Apoptosis, and Oxidative Neurotoxicity in Mice Through TRPV4 Channel Inhibition.
Mol Neurobiol
September 2024
Neuroscience Application and Research Center (NOROBAM), Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Türkiye.
Article Synopsis
- Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is linked to oxidative stress and excessive calcium influx mediated by TRPV4 channels, leading to increased pain and cellular damage in mice.
- Resveratrol (RESV) shows promise in reducing the negative effects of DPN by inhibiting TRPV4, lowering pain, and decreasing oxidative damage markers.
- The study demonstrated that RESV treatment improved cell viability and antioxidant levels in various tissues, suggesting a protective role against neurotoxicity and apoptosis in diabetic mice.
Protective effect of extract against all-trans-retinoic acid-induced inhibition of proliferation of cultured human palate cells.
Nagoya J Med Sci
May 2024
Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University of Medical Science, Kani, Japan.
Article Synopsis
- * The study focused on the protective effects of a specific extract against the harmful impact of all-trans retinoic acid on human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cell proliferation.
- * Results showed that the extract can counteract the negative effects of retinoic acid by enhancing the expression of certain protective genes, thus promoting cell growth and reducing toxicity.
Advancing towards practice: A novel LC-MS/MS method for detecting retinol in dried blood spots.
Talanta
October 2024
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Clinical labs struggle to quantify retinol from dried blood spot (DBS) samples due to issues with storage, extraction methods, and internal standards.
- The study developed a rapid and effective method for extracting retinol from DBS samples using ascorbic acid and other compounds, achieving over 90% recovery without significant loss in stability.
- This new approach allows for precise retinol quantification from a small DBS sample while using minimal toxic chemicals, potentially improving how vitamin A status is assessed in patients.
Topical retinoids: Novel derivatives, nano lipid-based carriers, and combinations to improve chemical instability and skin irritation.
J Cosmet Dermatol
October 2024
HBN Research Institute and Biological Laboratory, Shenzhen Hujia Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Article Synopsis
- - Retinoids, which are vitamin A derivatives used in cosmetics, face issues like instability to light and temperature, as well as skin irritation upon application, limiting their effectiveness.
- - This study conducted a thorough literature review from 1968 to 2023 to identify the causes of retinoid instability and irritation, while also exploring recent advancements in formulation techniques.
- - Findings suggest that new derivatives, innovative delivery systems (like nano lipid-based carriers), and combinations with other soothing and antioxidant compounds have improved the stability and reduced toxicity of retinoids, enhancing their usability in cosmetics.
Teratogenicity is more likely a function of primary and secondary pharmacology than caused by chemically reactive metabolites: a critical evaluation of 40 years of scientific research.
Xenobiotica
September 2024
Independent United Kingdom, Walmer, UK.
The number of therapeutic drugs known to be human teratogens is actually relatively small. This may reflect the rigorous animal testing and well defined labelling. Some of these drugs were identified to have reactive metabolites and this has been postulated, historically, to be their teratogenic mechanism.
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