Predictors for Irreversibility of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Obesity After Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography.

Introduction: Although contrast-induced (CI) acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in high-risk individuals requiring evaluation with contrast-enhanced angiography, the possible predictors of CI-AKI in patients with obesity are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to elucidate plausible factors associated with the irreversibility of CI-AKI in individuals with obesity undergoing contrast-enhanced computed tomography coronary angiography.

Methods: A total of 96 adult patients with obesity and the KDIGO criteria of CI-AKI (increase of serum levels of creatinine ≥ 25% or ≥ 500 µmol/L at 48 h after procedure) were retrospectively screened from the cohort of 1833 patients who underwent iodine contrast medium (ICM)-enhanced computed tomography coronary angiography, and were included in the study.

Adropin Predicts Asymptomatic Heart Failure in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Independent of the Levels of Natriuretic Peptides.

In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), asymptomatic adverse cardiac remodeling plays a pivotal role in the development of heart failure (HF). Patients with T2DM often have low or near-normal levels of natriuretic peptides, including N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), which have been inconclusive in predicting the transition from asymptomatic adverse cardiac remodeling to HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The aim of this study was to elucidate the predictive ability of adropin for HFpEF depending on the circulating levels of NT-proBNP.

Trajectory of Irisin as a Predictor of Kidney-Related Outcomes in Patients with Asymptomatic Heart Failure.

The purpose of the study is to elucidate whether irisin is a promising predictive biomarker for kidney-related events in patients with T2DM and concomitant asymptomatic HF. We prospectively enrolled 146 T2DM patients who had either evidence of structural cardiac abnormality or elevated levels of N-terminal brain natriuretic pro-peptide (NT-proBNP) > 125 pmol/mL and followed them for 52 weeks. Structural cardiac abnormalities were used as the minimum from the following criteria: abnormal left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) < -16%, LV hypertrophy, left atrial volume index > 34 mL/m, abnormal ratio of early transmitral diastolic filling velocity/early mitral annular velocity ≥ 13 units.

An overview of circulating and urinary biomarkers capable of predicting the transition of acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease.

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) defined by a substantial decrease in kidney function within hours to days and is often irreversible with higher risk to chronic kidney disease (CKD) transition.

Areas Covered: The authors discuss the diagnostic and predictive utilities of serum and urinary biomarkers on AKI and on the risk of AKI-to-CKD progression. The authors focus on the relevant literature covering evidence of circulating and urinary biomarkers' capability to predict the transition of AKI to CKD.

Methods to predict heart failure in diabetes patients.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular disease and powerful predictor for new-onset heart failure (HF).

Areas Covered: We focus on the relevant literature covering evidence of risk stratification based on imaging predictors and circulating biomarkers to optimize approaches to preventing HF in DM patients.

Expert Opinion: Multiple diagnostic algorithms based on echocardiographic parameters of cardiac remodeling including global longitudinal strain/strain rate are likely to be promising approach to justify individuals at higher risk of incident HF.

Plausible prediction of renoprotective effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in patients with chronic kidney diseases.

This narrative review was conducted due to uncertainty in predicting the beneficial impact of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on a dip of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), regardless of albuminuria presence, with the aim of elucidating plausible predictors of kidney function outcome among patients treated with SGLT2 inhibitors. The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched in May 2023 for relevant articles published in English between 2013 and 2023. A total of 25 full-length scientific publications (comprising 11 large randomized trials and two cohort studies) were included for analysis.

Predictors of Kidney Function Outcomes and Their Relation to SGLT2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Had Chronic Heart Failure.

Introduction: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have a favorable impact on the kidney function in patients with heart failure (HF), while there is no clear evidence of what factors predict this effect. The aim of the study was to identify plausible predictors for kidney function outcome among patients with HF and investigate their association with SGLT2i.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled 480 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with diet and metformin and concomitant chronic HF and followed them for 52 weeks.

Cell-free DNA as a plausible biomarker of chronic kidney disease.

Circulating cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) is released from dead and/or apoptotic leukocytes and due to neutrophil extracellular traps contributing to an inflammatory response. Previous clinical studies have reported that the peak concentrations and dynamic changes of cf-DNA may be used as a noninvasive biomarker of worsening kidney function as well as a guide to the management of kidney allograft rejection. We hypothesized that the pattern and dynamic changes of cf-DNA might be a plausible predictive biomarker for patients at risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), including individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, heart failure, cardiovascular disease and established CKD.

The Impact of SGLT2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin on Adropin Serum Levels in Men and Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Heart Failure.

Background: adropin plays a protective role in cardiac remodeling through supporting energy metabolism and water homeostasis and suppressing inflammation. Low circulating levels of adropin were positively associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We hypothesized that sodium-glucose linked transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor dapagliflosin might represent cardiac protective effects in T2DM patients with known chronic HF through the modulation of adropin levels.

Cardiac Hepatopathy: New Perspectives on Old Problems through a Prism of Endogenous Metabolic Regulations by Hepatokines.

Cardiac hepatopathy refers to acute or chronic liver damage caused by cardiac dysfunction in the absence of any other possible causative reasons of liver injury. There is a large number of evidence of the fact that cardiac hepatopathy is associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with acute or actually decompensated heart failure (HF). However, the currently dominated pathophysiological background does not explain a role of metabolic regulative proteins secreted by hepatocytes in progression of HF, including adverse cardiac remodeling, kidney injury, skeletal muscle dysfunction, osteopenia, sarcopenia and cardiac cachexia.

Serum uric Acid predicts declining of circulating proangiogenic mononuclear progenitor cells in chronic heart failure patients.

Introduction: Serum uric acid (SUA) is considered a marker for natural progression of chronic heart failure (CHF) mediated cardiovascular remodelling. CHF associates with declining of circulating mononuclear progenitor cells (MPCs). The objective of this study was to evaluate the interrelationship between SUA concentrations and proangiogenic MPCs in ischemic CHF patients.

Predictive value of apoptotic microparticles to mononuclear progenitor cells ratio in advanced chronic heart failure patients.

Background: Acutely decompensated chronic heart failure (ADHF) is considered a life-threatening event. Despite contemporary treatment strategies of ADHF, frequent recurrent hospitalizations due to other cardiovascular reasons after discharge of patients from hospital occur. The objective of the study was to examine the prognostic value of circulating endothelial-derived apoptotic microparticles (EMPs) to mononuclear progenitor cells (MPCs) ratio for post-discharge patients with clinical stabilization after ischemic ADHF.