Cu(I)-Catalyzed Silylation and Germylation of Azauracils.

The current study demonstrates a Cu(I) catalyzed direct C(sp)-H silylation and germylation of azauracil using triphenylsilane and triphenylgermane. A broad scope, excellent functional group tolerance, and suitability for large-scale reactions are exhibited in this protocol. Moreover, this method can be readily applied to structurally complex bioactive molecules.

Prediction of urban surface water quality scenarios using hybrid stacking ensembles machine learning model in Howrah Municipal Corporation, West Bengal.

In the pursuit of understanding surface water quality for sustainable urban management, we created a machine learning modeling framework that utilized Random Forest (RF), Cubist, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS), Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and their hybrid stacking ensemble RF (SE-RF), as well as stacking Cubist (SE-Cubist), to predict the distribution of water quality in the Howrah Municipal Corporation (HMC) area in West Bengal, India. Additionally, we employed the ReliefF and Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) methods to elucidate the underlying factors driving water quality. We first estimated the water quality index (WQI) to model seven water quality parameters: total hardness (TH), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg).

Characterization and antimicrobial activity of essential oils extracted from lemongrass () using microwave-assisted hydro distillation.

Lemongrass () essential oil (LGEO) contains α-citral, β-citral and other phytochemicals extracted using various methods. This research extracted essential oils using steam distillation (SD) and microwave-assisted hydro distillation (MAHD) to maximize quantity and purity. LGEO was tested for antibacterial properties.

sp. nov., a Rhizospheric Bacteria with Plant Growth-Promoting Activities.

Unlabelled: A Gram-negative, short-rod, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic, potassium-solubilizing bacterium MR1 (Mine Rhizosphere) was isolated from rhizospheric soil of an open-cast coal mine of Jharia, Jharkhand, India. Isolate MR1 can grow in a broad range of temperature, pH, and NaCl concentrations. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the strain showed 99.

Non-directed oxidative annulation of 2-arylindazoles with electron deficient olefins visible light photocatalysis.

A new visible-light-mediated non-directed oxidative annulation between 2-arylindazoles and electron-deficient olefins using commercially available piperidine-1-sulfonyl chloride as the radical precursor to afford fused 5,6-dihydroindazolo[2,3-]quinolines has been developed under mild reaction conditions. This transformation occurs two consecutive C-H bond functionalizations. The mechanistic investigation results indicate that the reaction progresses through a radical pathway forming a 2-(2-aryl-2-indazol-3-yl)-3-piperidin-1-ylsulfonyl derivative as an intermediate.

Silencing Nrf2 in cisplatin resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells augments sensitivity towards EGFR inhibitor.

Recently, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been the prime concern of cancer clinicians due to its high mortality rate worldwide. Cisplatin, a platinum derivative, has been used as a therapeutic option for treating metastatic NSCLC for several years. However, acquired, or intrinsic drug resistance to Cisplatin is the major obstacle to the successful treatment outcome of patients.

Electro- and Mechanochemical Strategy as a Dual Synthetic Approach for Biologically Relevant 3-Nitro-imidazo-[1,2-]pyridines.

We herein disclose a dual synthetic approach involving electrochemical and mechanochemical strategies for diversely functionalized 3-nitro-2-aryl-immidazo[1,2-]pyridines. Both methods offer a practical and straightforward alternative route for accessing this important class of biologically promising nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Significant advantages of the newly developed methods include mild and energy-efficient reaction conditions, avoidance of transition metal catalysts, external heating and additional oxidants, shorter reaction times, good to excellent yields, broad substrate scope, gram-scale applicability, operational simplicity, and eco-friendliness.

Visible-light-induced redox-neutral difunctionalization of alkenes and alkynes.

The twelve principles of green chemistry illuminate the pathway in the direction of sustainable and eco-friendly synthesis, marking a fundamental shift in synthetic organic chemistry paradigms. In this realm, harnessing the power of visible light for the difunctionalization of various skeletons without employing any external oxidant or reductant, specifically termed as redox-neutral difunctionalization, has attracted tremendous interest from synthetic organic chemists due to its low cost, easy availability and environmentally friendly nature in contrast to traditional metal-catalyzed difunctionalizations. This review presents an overview of recent updates on visible-light-induced redox-neutral difunctionalization reactions with literature coverage up to May 2024.

Integrating machine learning and geospatial data analysis for comprehensive flood hazard assessment.

Flooding is a major natural hazard worldwide, causing catastrophic damage to communities and infrastructure. Due to climate change exacerbating extreme weather events robust flood hazard modeling is crucial to support disaster resilience and adaptation. This study uses multi-sourced geospatial datasets to develop an advanced machine learning framework for flood hazard assessment in the Arambag region of West Bengal, India.

Electrorearranged Difunctionalization of 4-Hydroxy-α-benzopyrones.

We herein report the exploration of an electrosynthetic strategy as a highly efficient and straightforward alternative protocol for accessing diversely substituted and biologically promising alkyl 2-hydroxy-3-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-carboxylates through an electrorearranged difunctionalization of 4-hydroxycoumarins, involving the singlet oxygen insertion from molecular oxygen, at ambient temperature. The present method is notably more advantageous than the previously reported photochemical conversion regarding yields and reaction times, substrate scope and functional group tolerability, operational simplicity, and scalability.

Practice of green chemistry strategies in synthetic organic chemistry: a glimpse of our sincere efforts in green chemistry research.

This feature article summarises our recent contributions (2019-2023) in designing and developing a handful of promising organic transformations for accessing several diversely functionalised biologically relevant organic scaffolds, following the green chemistry principles, particularly focusing on the application of low-energy visible light, electrochemistry, ball-milling, ultrasound, and catalyst- and additive-free synthetic strategies.

C-H Functionalization of Heteroarenes via Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex Photoactivation.

C-H Functionalization of heteroarenes stands as a potent instrument in organic synthesis, and with the incorporation of visible light, it emerged as a transformative game-changer. In this domain, electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex, formed through the pairing of an electron-rich substrate with an electron-accepting molecule, has garnered substantial consideration in recent years due to the related avoidance of the requirement of photocatalyst as well as oxidant. EDA complexes can undergo photoactivation under mild conditions and exhibit high functional group tolerance, making them potentially suitable for the functionalization of biologically relevant heteroarenes.

Hydro-phosphorothiolation of Styrene and Cyclopropane with -Hydrogen Phosphorothioates under Ambient Conditions.

A metal-free hexafluoroisopropanol-mediated hydro-phosphorothiolation of styrenes and donor-acceptor cyclopropanes with -hydrogen phosphorothioates in a Markovnikov fashion has been developed under ambient reaction conditions to afford a library of -alkyl phosphorothioates. Notably, this strategy provides a simple and efficient way to produce biologically significant kitazin and iprobenfos derivatives. Mechanistic studies disclose that the reaction proceeds through a carbocation intermediate.

Unusual Regioselective C-H Difluoroalkylation of Heteroarenes under Photoredox Catalysis.

We disclose a new general strategy for the site-selective difluoroalkylation of nonprefunctionalized heteroarenes, such as quinoxaline at the C-8 position, and benzothiadiazole, benzoxadiazole, and benzothiazole at the C-4 position via consecutive organophotoredox-catalyzed radical-radical cross-coupling and base-assisted hydrogen abstraction reactions. The current methodology represents a site-selective direct difluoroalkylative strategy to allow broad functional group tolerance and a wide substrate scope in good to excellent yields. Careful experimental investigations and detailed DFT calculations revealed the exact site-selectivity of the heteroarenes and a possible mechanistic pathway.

Visible-Light-Triggered Synthesis of -α-Ketoacylated Sulfoximines by Denitrogenative and Oxidative Functionalization of Vinyl Azides.

We have introduced a sulfoximidation reaction initiated by visible light between α-phenyl vinyl azides and NH-sulfoximines. The cost-effective and readily accessible hypervalent iodine reagent (PIDA) easily promoted the oxidative sulfoximidation process to afford -α-ketoacylated sulfoximines in good to high yields, involving the formation of two new C-O bonds and one C-N bond. Additionally, the protocol offers noteworthy advantages, including its metal-free and photocatalyst-free reaction and its broad substrate compatibility.

Metabolomic and genomic insights into TMA degradation by a novel halotolerant strain - Paracoccus sp. PS1.

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut metabolite that acts as a biomarker for chronic diseases, and is generated by the oxidation of trimethylamine (TMA) produced by gut microflora. Since, microbial degradation of TMA is predicted to be used to restrict the production of TMAO, we aimed to isolate bacterial strains that could effectively degrade TMA before being oxidized to TMAO. As marine fish is considered to have a rich content of TMAO, we have isolated TMA degrading isolates from fish skin.

Site-selective direct nitration of 2-indazoles: easy access to 7-nitroindazoles.

A new site-selective methodology for C-H nitration of 2-indazoles has been accomplished at the C7 position using iron(III) nitrate. This strategy enables practical access to an array of 7-nitroindazoles with broad functional group tolerance in good yields. The synthesized products have been proven as valuable synthetic intermediates by demonstrating the synthetic utility.

Microbiome of seventh-century old Parsurameswara stone monument of India and role of desiccation-tolerant cyanobacterium on its biodeterioration.

The Parsurameswara stone monument, built in the seventh century, is one of the oldest stone monuments in Odisha, India. Metagenomic analysis of the biological crust samples collected from the stone monument revealed 17 phyla in the microbiome, with Proteobacteria being the most dominant phylum, followed by cyanobacteria. Eight cyanobacteria were isolated.

Iodine(III)-promoted oxidative carbotrifluoromethylation of maleimides with imidazopyridines and Langlois' reagent.

A metal-free protocol for oxidative carbotrifluoromethylation of maleimides with imidazopyridines and Langlois' reagent has been developed using (diacetoxyiodo)benzene (PIDA) as an oxidant. This three-component strategy enables one-step construction of 3,4-disubstituted maleimides in good yields with high functional group tolerance. Both experimental and theoretical studies support the proposed radical reaction mechanism.

Mapping groundwater potential zone in the subarnarekha basin, India, using a novel hybrid multi-criteria approach in Google earth Engine.

Assessing groundwater potential for sustainable resource management is critically important. In addressing this concern, this study aims to advance the field by developing an innovative approach for Groundwater potential zone (GWPZ) mapping using advanced techniques, such as FuzzyAHP, FuzzyDEMATEL, and Logistic regression (LR) models. GWPZ was carried out by integrating various primary factors, such as hydrologic, soil permeability, morphometric, terrain distribution, and anthropogenic influences, incorporating twenty-seven individual criteria using multi-criteria decision models along with a hybrid approach for the Subarnarekha River basin, India, in Google earth engine (GEE).

Visible-Light-Promoted Metal- and Photocatalyst-Free Reactions between Arylglyoxylic Acids and Tetraalkylthiuram Disulfides: Synthesis of α-Ketoamides.

A convenient and new synthetic approach has been developed for the oxidative cross-coupling of the C-N bond through the reaction between arylglyoxylic acids and tetraalkylthiuram disulfides. The reaction proceeds under ambient air at room temperature in the presence of visible light. This reaction offers a metal-, base-, photocatalyst-, and solvent-free synthesis of various α-ketoamides with moderate to excellent yields via the radical pathway.

Silylation of 2-indazoles by photoinduced hydrogen atom transfer catalysis.

A metal-free, visible-light-mediated C-H silylation of 2-indazoles with triphenylsilane has been developed employing 4CzIPN as a photocatalyst and triisopropylsilanethiol as a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reagent under aerobic reaction conditions. This method shows tolerance toward many functional groups and affords a variety of silylated indazoles at up to 89% yield. The experimental results suggest that the reaction progresses through a radical pathway.

An Electrochemical Oxo-amination of 2H-Indazoles: Synthesis of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Indazolylindazolones.

We have established a supporting-electrolyte free electrochemical method for the synthesis of indazolylindazolones through oxygen reduction reaction (eORR) induced 1,3-oxo-amination of 2H-indazoles where 2H-indazole is used as both aminating agent as well as the precursor of indazolone. Moreover, we have merged indazolone and indazole to get unsymmetrical indazolylindazolones through direct electrochemical cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC). This exogenous metal-, oxidant- and catalyst-free protocol delivered a number of multi-functionalized products with high tolerance of diverse functional groups.

COVID-19 ORF3a Viroporin-Influenced Common and Unique Cellular Signaling Cascades in Lung, Heart, and the Brain Choroid Plexus Organoids with Additional Enriched MicroRNA Network Analyses for Lung and the Brain Tissues.

Tissue-specific implications of SARS-CoV-2-encoded accessory proteins are not fully understood. SARS-CoV-2 infection can severely affect three major organs-the heart, lungs, and brain. We analyzed SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a interacting host proteins in these three major organs.