Digital Profiling of Immune Biomarkers in Breast Cancer: Relation to Anthracycline Benefit.

Assessment of the tumor immune microenvironment can be used as a prognostic tool for improved survival and as a predictive biomarker for treatment benefit, particularly from immune modulating treatments including cytotoxic chemotherapy. Using Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP), we studied the tumor immune microenvironment of 522 breast cancer cases by quantifying 35 immune biomarkers on tissue microarrays from the MA.5 phase III clinical trial.

Exploring a Software Framework for Posture Tracking and Haptic Feedback Control: A Virtual Reality-Based Approach for Upper Limb Rehabilitation on the Oculus Quest 2.

Virtual reality (VR) has gained significant attention in various fields including healthcare and industrial applications. Within healthcare, an interesting application of VR can be found in the field of physiotherapy. The conventional methodology for rehabilitating upper limb lesions is often perceived as tedious and uncomfortable.

The Role of Body Image Perception on a Continuum from Dysfunctional to Healthy Eating Attitudes and Behaviors Among People Seeking Treatment.

Body image disturbance has been associated with various health conditions and has the potential to trigger the development of unhealthy behaviors, including dysfunctional attitudes and eating behaviors, which may evolve into eating disorders. This study explores the relationship between body image variables-such as global self-worth, physical self-worth, and physical attractiveness-and the continuum of eating attitudes and behaviors. A canonical correlation analysis was performed to assess the multivariate relationship between attitudinal and perceptual variables and the continuum of eating behaviors, with a total of 113 cases analyzed.

A Microfabrication Technique for High-Performance Diffractive Optical Elements Tailored for Numerical Simulation.

Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) are specialized optical components that manipulate light through diffraction for various applications, including holography, spectroscopy, augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), and light detection and ranging (LiDAR). The performance of DOEs is highly determined by fabricated materials and fabrication methods, in addition to the numerical simulation design. This paper presents a microfabrication technique optimized for DOEs, enabling precise control of critical parameters, such as refractive index (RI) and thickness.

Gesture-controlled reconfigurable metasurface system based on surface electromyography for real-time electromagnetic wave manipulation.

Gesture recognition plays a significant role in human-machine interaction (HMI) system. This paper proposes a gesture-controlled reconfigurable metasurface system based on surface electromyography (sEMG) for real-time beam deflection and polarization conversion. By recognizing the sEMG signals of user gestures through a pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) model, the system dynamically modulates the metasurface, enabling precise control of the deflection direction and polarization state of electromagnetic waves.

The neurosociological paradigm of the metaverse.

Metaverse integrates people into the virtual world, and challenges depend on advances in human, technological, and procedural dimensions. Until now, solutions to these challenges have not involved extensive neurosociological research. The study explores the pioneering neurosociological paradigm in metaverse, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize our understanding of social interactions through advanced methodologies such as hyperscanning and interbrain synchrony.

Mixed reality infrastructure based on deep learning medical image segmentation and 3D visualization for bone tumors using DCU-Net.

Objective: Segmenting and reconstructing 3D models of bone tumors from 2D image data is of great significance for assisting disease diagnosis and treatment. However, due to the low distinguishability of tumors and surrounding tissues in images, existing methods lack accuracy and stability. This study proposes a U-Net model based on double dimensionality reduction and channel attention gating mechanism, namely the DCU-Net model for oncological image segmentation.

Bionic Recognition Technologies Inspired by Biological Mechanosensory Systems.

Mechanical information is a medium for perceptual interaction and health monitoring of organisms or intelligent mechanical equipment, including force, vibration, sound, and flow. Researchers are increasingly deploying mechanical information recognition technologies (MIRT) that integrate information acquisition, pre-processing, and processing functions and are expected to enable advanced applications. However, this also poses significant challenges to information acquisition performance and information processing efficiency.

Acute effects of virtual reality exercise bike games on psychophysiological outcomes in college North-African adolescents with cerebral palsy: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurological disorder that can affect motor skills and psychophysiological well-being. Virtual Reality Exercise (VRE) improves cognitive and physical outcomes in patients with CP. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of VRE on attention, vigor, and decision-making abilities in adolescents with CP.

Effect of eHMI-equipped automated vehicles on pedestrian crossing behavior and safety: A focus on blind spot scenarios.

Blind spot collisions are a critical and often overlooked threat to pedestrian safety, frequently resulting in severe injuries. This study investigates the impact of automated vehicles equipped with external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) on pedestrian crossing behavior and safety, focusing on scenarios where AVs create mutual blind spots between pedestrians and adjacent traffic. A virtual reality experiment with 51 participants simulated crossing situations in front of yielding trucks with obstructed pedestrian visibility, featuring three eHMIs: 'Walk,' 'Don't Walk,' and 'Caution! Blind Spots'.

Case-Based Virtual Reality Simulation for Severe Pelvic Trauma Clinical Skill Training in Medical Students: Design and Pilot Study.

Background: Teaching severe pelvic trauma poses a significant challenge in orthopedic surgery education due to the necessity of both clinical reasoning and procedural operational skills for mastery. Traditional methods of instruction, including theoretical teaching and mannequin practice, face limitations due to the complexity, the unpredictability of treatment scenarios, the scarcity of typical cases, and the abstract nature of traditional teaching, all of which impede students' knowledge acquisition.

Objective: This study aims to introduce a novel experimental teaching methodology for severe pelvic trauma, integrating virtual reality (VR) technology as a potent adjunct to existing teaching practices.

The Effect of Sensory Reweighting on Postural Control and Cortical Activity in Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Study.

Objective: To investigate the effects of sensory reweighting on postural control and cortical activity in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) compared to age-matched controls using a virtual reality sensory organization test (VR-SOT).

Design: Cross-sectional pilot study.

Setting: University research laboratory.

Does stereoscopic immersive virtual reality have a significant impact on anatomy education? A literature review.

Purpose: Stereoscopic immersive virtual reality (SIVR) is a technology that fully immerses the user in a digital environment and permits the perception of two different three-dimensional images of a digital object with each of the two eyes. We conducted a literature review to explore to what extent SIVR can significantly contribute to anatomy education.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, ERIC, and the Cochrane Library for papers investigating the outcomes (effectiveness, perceptions about effectiveness, and side effects) of implementing SIVR in anatomy education.

Efficacy of Virtual Reality Program for Mental Health Promotion in Pregnant Women.

Objective: Recently, various mental health promotion programs using virtual reality (VR) technology have been tried in the psychiatric field. Considering the importance of mental health in pregnant women, VR-assisted mental health promotion programs for pregnant women are needed to be developed. This study aimed to prospectively investigate the efficacy of a VR-assisted mental health promotion program for pregnant women.

The application of a virtual rubber dam isolation training system in dental preclinical education.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of a virtual rubber dam isolation training system in enhancing preclinical dental education.

Methods: A total of 28 Grade 4 undergraduate dental students were randomly divided into two groups: a virtual simulation priority group and a conventional phantom-head priority group. The virtual simulation priority group underwent virtual simulation training initially, followed by conventional phantom-head training.

Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease by eliciting trait-specific eye movements in multi-visual tasks.

Background: Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, and eye movement abnormalities are a significant symptom of its diagnosis. In this paper, we developed a multi-task driven by eye movement in a virtual reality (VR) environment to elicit PD-specific eye movement abnormalities. The abnormal features were subsequently modeled by using the proposed deep learning algorithm to achieve an auxiliary diagnosis of PD.

Associations between oral behaviors, temporomandibular disorder subtypes and psychological distress in adult women: a retrospective case-control study.

Oral behaviors and psychological distress are known to be related to temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). However, the relationship between various oral behaviors and specific TMD subgroups in adult women experiencing psychological distress is still unclear. To investigate the relationship between various oral behaviors and different TMD subgroups with different psychological distress states.

Focusing on Cracks with Instance Normalization Wavelet Layer.

Automatic crack detection is challenging, owing to the complex and thin topologies, diversity, and background noises of cracks. Inspired by the wavelet theory, we present an instance normalization wavelet (INW) layer and embed the layer into the deep model for segmentation. The proposed layer employs prior knowledge in the wavelets to capture the crack features and filter the high-frequency noises simultaneously, accelerating the convergence of model training.

The benefits and safety of a virtual reality intervention in patients suffering from acute and chronic pain: A pilot study.

Background: To overcome the challenge of psychotherapist scarcity in applying pain psychotherapy in clinical practice, we developed a virtual reality (VR) program delivering weeks of pain psychotherapy without psychotherapists, with a focus on minimizing the risk of motion sickness.

Objectives: We conducted a single-arm pilot study to assess the efficacy and motion sickness associated with a VR session delivering guided imagery and breathing techniques selected from the initial course of our VR program, involving patients suffering from various acute and chronic pain.

Methods: Patients underwent a 15-min VR session.

Effectiveness of virtual laboratory in engineering education: A meta-analysis.

With the development of network and simulation technology, virtual laboratories have been widely popularized in engineering education. However, few studies have systematically analyzed and summarized the impact of virtual labs on the effectiveness of engineering education. This study aims to conduct a meta-analysis of published data on the impact of virtual laboratories on engineering students' performance.

Effectiveness of a Virtual Reality Serious Video Game (The Secret Trail of Moon) for Emotional Regulation in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Difficulties in emotional regulation are often observed in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Innovative complementary treatments, such as video games and virtual reality, have become increasingly appealing to patients. The Secret Trail of Moon (MOON) is a serious video game developed by a multidisciplinary team featuring cognitive training exercises.

Safety of Immersive Virtual Reality for the Management of Parkinson's Disease.

Virtual reality (VR) has been used in research and clinical practice in the management of Parkinson's disease (PD), potentially enhancing physiotherapy. Adverse events (AEs) associated with VR applications in PD have been poorly explored. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to compare two 12-week interventions using physiotherapy and immersive VR, and analyzed the frequency and type of AEs occurring in 30 people with PD.

Reduced Gaussian Kernel Filtered-x LMS Algorithm with Historical Error Correction for Nonlinear Active Noise Control.

This paper introduces a reduced Gaussian kernel filtered-x least mean square (RGKxLMS) algorithm for a nonlinear active noise control (NANC) system. This algorithm addresses the computational and storage challenges posed by the traditional kernel (i.e.

User Experience of a Semi-Immersive Musical Serious Game to Stimulate Cognitive Functions in Hospitalized Older Patients: Questionnaire Study.

Background: Reminiscence therapy through music is a psychosocial intervention with benefits for older patients with neurocognitive disorders. Therapies using virtual or augmented reality are efficient in ecologically assessing, and eventually training, episodic memory in older populations. We designed a semi-immersive musical game called "A Life in Songs," which invites patients to immerse themselves in a past era through visuals and songs from that time period.