Prevalence and Predictors for Lean Fatty Liver Disease in General Population Attending a COVID-19 Vaccination Center in a Tertiary Care Hospital in India.

Background: There is an international consensus among experts advocating for the classification of fatty liver disease as a metabolic condition. However, some authors have raised concerns that this metabolic-centric framing may result in the underdiagnosis of metabolicdysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in lean individuals. The present study was carried out with the objective of describing metabolic characteristics in MASLD and the prevalence of lean MASLD in the general population.

Molecular Characterization and Potential Inhibitors Prediction of Protein Arginine Methyltransferase-2 in Carcinoma: An Insight from Molecular Docking, ADMET Profiling and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies.

Objectives: To predict and characterize the three-dimensional (3D) structure of protein arginine methyltransferase 2 (PRMT2) using homology modeling, besides, the identification of potent inhibitors for enhanced comprehension of the biological function of this protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) family protein in carcinogenesis.

Materials And Methods: An method was employed to predict and characterize the three-dimensional structure. The bulk of PRMTs in the PDB shares just a structurally conserved catalytic core domain.

Newer Diagnostic Virological Markers for Hepatitis B Virus Infection.

Unlabelled: Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) remains a major public health problem, leading to various complications such as liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The existing diagnostic markers for Hepatitis B virus (HBV) are limited in distinguishing different CHB phases and intra-hepatic viral replication activity. In the past few years, several non-invasive potential blood markers that reflect viral intra-hepatic replicative state more accurately have been in progress and are gaining importance.

Interventions used to reduce infectious aerosol concentrations in hospitals-a review.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for improved infectious aerosol concentrations through interventions that reduce the transmission of airborne infections. The aims of this review were to map the existing literature on interventions used to improve infectious aerosol concentrations in hospitals and understand challenges in their implementation.

Methods: We reviewed peer-reviewed articles identified on three databases, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from inception to July 2024.

Clinical characteristics of pathogens in children with community-acquired pneumonia were analyzed targeted next-generation sequencing detection.

Background: The primary purpose of this study was to detect the pathogen species using targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) to investigate the characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)-related pathogens in children in Xiantao city, Hubei province, China.

Methods: A total of 1,527 children with CAP were prospectively recruited from our hospital between May 2022 and February 2023. Information on age and sex was collected from the medical records.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection among the Arab population in Northern Israel: an insight into the seroepidemiology and associated risk factors.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the most common causes of viral hepatitis. We examined HEV seroprevalence and associations of sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics with HEV immunoglobulin G (IgG) seropositivity in the Arab population. A cross-sectional single-centre study was conducted among adults in the Nazareth area during 2022.

Molecular diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of a Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus human case in Jordan.

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an important zoonotic pathogen. The aim of this paper is to report one polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive case of MERS-CoV in a 27-year-old man who was involved in a nationwide longitudinal surveillance study of certain zoonotic diseases in Jordan including MERS-CoV. Whole-blood and nasal swab samples were collected from the man and five camels in the vicinity of his living area.

Oncolytic Virus Targeted Therapy for Glioma via Intravenous Delivery.

Glioma, the deadly primary intracranial tumor, poses challenges in clinical treatment due to its infiltrative growth and resistance to radiation. Oncolytic virus therapy holds potential for the treatment of malignant gliomas, but its application is impeded by the requirement for intracranial injections due to the presence of blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this study, to overcome this limitation, the study develops a nanocapsule encapsulating the recombinant oncolytic virus EV-A71-miR124T, enabling the treatment of glioma through intravenous administration.

Dual Strategies Based on Golgi Apparatus/Endoplasmic Reticulum Targeting and Anchoring for High-Efficiency siRNA Delivery and Tumor RNAi Therapy.

Endolysosomal degradation of small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly reduces the efficacy of RNA interference (RNAi) delivered by nonviral systems. Leveraging Golgi apparatus/endoplasmic reticulum (Golgi/ER) transport can help siRNA bypass the endolysosomal degradation pathway, but this approach may also result in insufficient siRNA release and an increased risk of Golgi/ER-mediated exocytosis. To address these challenges, we developed two distinct strategies using a nanocomplex of cell-penetrating poly(disulfide)s and chondroitin sulfate, which enhances targeted internalization, Golgi transport, and rapid cytoplasmic release of loaded siRNA.

From Isolation to Application: Utilising Phage-Antibiotic Synergy in Murine Bacteremia Model to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis.

Enterococcus species, natural inhabitants of the human gut, have become major causes of life-threatening bloodstream infections (BSIs) and the third most frequent cause of hospital-acquired bacteremia. The rise of high-level gentamicin resistance (HLGR) in enterococcal isolates complicates treatment and revives bacteriophage therapy. This study isolated and identified forty E.

A lineage 1 branch porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus live vaccine candidate provides broad cross-protection against HP-like PRRSV in piglets.

Multiple porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) subtypes coinfect numerous pig farms in China, and commercial PRRSV vaccines offer limited cross-protection against heterologous strains. Our previous research confirmed that a PRRSV lineage 1 branch attenuated live vaccine (SD-R) provides cross-protection against HP-PRRSV, NADC30-like PRRSV and NADC34-like PRRSV. HP-PRRSV has undergone significant genetic variation following nearly two decades of evolution and has transformed into a subtype referred to as HP-like PRRSV, which also exhibits high pathogenicity.

Evaluation of Enrichment Approaches for the Study of the Viromes in Mollusk Species.

Invasive alien species such as freshwater snails have significantly affected the food, environment, and the health of humans and animals, which have unfortunately received insufficient attention. To facilitate the study of viromes in snail species, we compared the enrichment effect of cesium chloride (CsCl) and sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugations in the recovery of diverse viruses in Pomacea canaliculata and Achatina fulica. First, we showed that CsCl-based ultracentrifugation enriched more virus contigs and reduced the nucleic acid background of the Pomacea canaliculata and was thus beneficial for virus recovery.

Temporal Trends in Respiratory Infection Epidemics Among Pediatric Inpatients Throughout the Course of the COVID-19 Pandemic From 2018 to 2023 in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan.

Background: Nonpharmaceutical interventions for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, during the pandemic altered the epidemiology of respiratory viruses. This study aimed to determine the changes in respiratory viruses among children hospitalized from 2018 to 2023.

Methods: Nasopharyngeal specimens were collected from children aged under 15 years with fever and/or respiratory symptoms admitted to a medical institution in Fukushima Prefecture between January 2018 and December 2023.

Resurgence of common respiratory viruses and mycoplasma pneumoniae after ending the zero-COVID policy in Shanghai.

China has adhered to policies of zero-COVID for almost three years since the outbreak of COVID-19, which has remarkably affected the circulation of respiratory pathogens. However, China has begun to end the zero-COVID policies in late 2022. Here, we reported a resurgence of common respiratory viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae with unique epidemiological characteristics among children after ending the zero-COVID policy in Shanghai, China, 2023.

SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load and Cytokine Dynamics Profile as Early Signatures of Long COVID Condition in Hospitalized Individuals.

Background: The global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in millions of people experiencing long COVID condition, a range of persistent symptoms following the acute phase, with an estimated prevalence of 27%-64%.

Materials And Methods: To understand its pathophysiology, we conducted a longitudinal study on viral load and cytokine dynamics in individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. We used reverse transcriptase droplet digital PCR to quantify viral RNA from nasopharyngeal swabs and employed multiplex technology to measure plasma cytokine levels in a cohort of people with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Prognostic assessment of early-stage liver cirrhosis induced by HCV using an integrated model of CX3CR1-associated immune infiltration genes.

Chemokine (C-X3-C motif) Receptor 1 (CX3CR1) primarily mediates the chemotaxis and adhesion of immune cells. However, its role in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced early-stage liver cirrhosis remains unexplored. GSE15654 was downloaded from the GEO database.

Recent advancements in the diverse roles of polymerase-associated proteins in the replication and pathogenesis of Newcastle disease virus.

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a significant member of the Paramyxoviridae family, known for causing epidemics and substantial economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. The NDV RNA genome primarily encodes six structural proteins (N, P, M, F, HN, and L) and two non-structural proteins (V and W). Among these, the polymerase-associated proteins (N, P, and L) and the viral RNA (vRNA) genome form the ribonucleoprotein complex, which plays a crucial role in the synthesis and transcription of NDV vRNA.

A broadly neutralizing antibody against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-variants BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5.

The global spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. (SARS-CoV-2) and its variant strains, including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and now Omicron, pose a significant challenge. With the constant evolution of the virus, Omicron and its subtypes BA.

Deformed wing virus coopts the host arginine kinase to enhance its fitness in honey bees (Apis mellifera).

Background: Deformed wing virus (DWV) is a major honey bee pathogen that is actively transmitted by the parasitic mite Varroa destructor and plays a primary role in Apis mellifera winter colony losses. Despite intense investigation on this pollinator, which has a unique environmental and economic importance, the mechanisms underlying the molecular interactions between DWV and honey bees are still poorly understood. Here, we report on a group of honey bee proteins, identified by mass spectrometry, that specifically co-immunoprecipitate with DWV virus particles.

Viruses and neurodegeneration: a growing concern.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) cause a progressive loss of neurons. Since NDDs are multifactorial, the precise etiology varies on the basis of the type of disease and patient history. Cohort studies and case studies have demonstrated a potential link between viral infections and the onset or progression of NDDs.

Assessment of various etiological factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma in non-habit patients- a cross sectional case control study.

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most prevalent oral cancers in the world. The major etiological factors are considered to be tobacco and alcohol. However, the etiological factors for non-habit associated oral squamous cell carcinoma (NHOSCC) remains an enigma.

Pap smear and colposcopy findings in female inmates of a prison unit in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the Pap smear and colposcopy findings in female inmates in a prison unit in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out by analyzing the Pap smear and colposcopy examinations of female inmates in a prison unit. The following socio-demographic data were assessed: age, nationality, level of education, marital status, height, weight, ethnicity, occupation, religion, sexual orientation, and presence of tattoos.

Genetic diversity and intercontinental dispersal of temperate and subarctic populations of Dibothriocephalus dendriticus (Cestoda; Diphyllobothriidea), a causative agent of dibothriocephalosis.

The diphyllobothriid tapeworm Dibothriocephalus dendriticus, one of the causative agents of the fish-borne zoonosis dibothriocephalosis, is mainly distributed in the Arctic/subarctic and temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere (Europe, North America, and Asia), but also in the southern cone region of South America (Patagonia). The genetic structure and gene flow among 589 individuals of D. dendriticus, representing 20 populations, were studied using the mitochondrial cox1 gene as the first choice marker and 10 polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci as a dominant molecular tool.

Introduction of molecular point-of-care testing for SARS-CoV-2 in a triage unit of a large maternity hospital: An evaluation of staff experiences.

Context: Recent advances in the development of rapid SARS-CoV-2 point of care (POC) testing provided an opportunity to aid clinical decision making in front-line healthcare settings. Perspectives of POC COVID-19 screening of pregnant women are under-researched.

Objective: To assess the impact of a SARS-CoV-2 POC testing platform implemented in a busy maternity hospital, with limited isolation capacity, during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.