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Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University[Af... Publications | LitMetric

419 results match your criteria: "Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University[Affiliation]"

The glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) serves a variety of crucial physiological functions in vertebrates. Synthesized at the plasma membrane and secreted into the extracellular environment, HA polymers span a wide range of molecular weights (MW) that define their activity through a notable size-function relationship. Analytical technologies for determining HA MW distributions typically require selective extraction from complex biofluids or tissues.

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Why graph theory deserves more focus. Comment on "Connectivity analyses for task-based fMRI" by Huang et al.

Phys Life Rev

December 2024

Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Wake Forest University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, United States; Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, United States. Electronic address:

Huang et al. have conducted a thorough examination of methodologies used for identifying and analyzing functional connectivity using task-based fMRI. Their review adeptly describes current approaches without bias or preference.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of skill modifications on head motion experienced during women's artistic gymnastics skills. Nine gymnasts (four beginner and five advanced) completed three trials of up to 24 skill progressions, each consisting of a skill and two progressive safety modifications. Gymnasts were instrumented with mouthpiece sensors embedded with an accelerometer and gyroscope collecting motion data at 200, 300, and 500 Hz during each skill performance.

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Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant type of primary brain tumor. Even after surgery and chemoradiotherapy, residual GBM cells can infiltrate the healthy brain parenchyma to form secondary tumors. To mitigate GBM recurrence, we recently developed an injectable hydrogel that can be crosslinked in the resection cavity to attract, collect, and ablate residual GBM cells.

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Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an often-lethal disease of the premature infant intestinal tract, exacerbated by significant diagnostic difficulties. In NEC, the intestine exhibits hypoperfusion and dysmotility, contributing to disease pathogenesis. However, these features cannot be accurately and quantitively assessed with current imaging modalities.

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Fusobacterium nucleatum, a gram-negative oral bacterium, has been consistently validated as a strong contributor to the progression of several types of cancer, including colorectal (CRC) and pancreatic cancer. While previous in vitro studies have shown that intracellular F. nucleatum enhances malignant phenotypes such as cell migration, the dependence of this regulation on features of the tumor microenvironment (TME) such as oxygen levels are wholly uncharacterized.

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The dance position puts the ankle at high risk of overuse injury and posteromedial ankle pain due to increased ankle valgus forces. Previous work has shown that creating lower limb external rotation intrinsic to with hip external rotation reduces foot pronation that causes ankle valgus stress. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to examine long axis rotation kinematics of the hip, knee, and ankle as well as the ankle joint contact forces in to better understand the biomechanical impact(s) of the specific cue to increase hip external rotation in this position.

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Improving the Performance of Selective Solid-State Nanopore Sensing Using a Polyhistidine-Tagged Monovalent Streptavidin.

ACS Sens

March 2024

Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101, United States.

Solid-state (SS-) nanopore sensing has gained tremendous attention in recent years, but it has been constrained by its intrinsic lack of selectivity. To address this, we previously established a novel SS-nanopore assay that produces translocation signals only when a target biotinylated nucleic acid fragment binds to monovalent streptavidin (MS), a protein variant with a single high-affinity biotin-binding domain. While this approach has enabled selective quantification of diverse nucleic acid biomarkers, sensitivity enhancements are needed to improve the detection of low-abundance translational targets.

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Intratumoral bacteria have been implicated in driving tumor progression, yet effective treatments to modulate the tumor microbiome remain limited. In this study, we investigate the use of electroporation in combination with metronidazole to enhance the clearance of intracellular Fusobacterium nucleatum within pancreatic cancer cells. We explore various parameters, including electric field strength, pulse width, and pulse number to assess the permeability of pancreatic cancer cells infected with F.

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Timing behaviour and the perception of time are fundamental to cognitive and emotional processes in humans. In non-human model organisms, the neuromodulator dopamine has been associated with variations in timing behaviour, but the connection between variations in dopamine levels and the human experience of time has not been directly assessed. Here, we report how dopamine levels in human striatum, measured with sub-second temporal resolution during awake deep brain stimulation surgery, relate to participants' perceptual judgements of time intervals.

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Targeted Analysis of the Size Distribution of Heavy Chain-Modified Hyaluronan with Solid-State Nanopores.

Anal Chem

January 2024

Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101, United States.

The glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) plays important roles in diverse physiological functions where the distribution of its molecular weight (MW) can influence its behavior and is known to change in response to disease conditions. During inflammation, HA undergoes a covalent modification in which heavy chain subunits of the inter-alpha-inhibitor family of proteins are transferred to its structure, forming heavy chain-HA (HC•HA) complexes. While limited assessments of HC•HA have been performed previously, determining the size distribution of its HA component remains a challenge.

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Concerns about the potential neurotoxic effects of anesthetics on developing brain exist. When making clinical decisions, the timing and dosage of anesthetic exposure are critical factors to consider due to their associated risks. In our study, we investigated the impact of repeated anesthetic exposures on the brain development trajectory of a cohort of rhesus monkeys (n = 26) over their first 2 yr of life, utilizing longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging data.

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Exposure to pesticides in humans may lead to changes in brain structure and function and increase the likelihood of experiencing neurodevelopmental disorders. Despite the potential risks, there is limited neuroimaging research on the effects of pesticide exposure on children, particularly during the critical period of brain development. Here we used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) from magnetic resonance images (MRI) to investigate neuroanatomical differences between Latinx children (n = 71) from rural, farmworker families (FW; n = 48) and urban, non-farmworker families (NFW; n = 23).

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Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an often-lethal disease of the premature infants' intestinal tract that is exacerbated by significant difficulties in early and accurate diagnosis. In NEC disease, the intestine often exhibits hypoperfusion and dysmotility, which contributes to advanced disease pathogenesis. However, these physiological features cannot be accurately and quantitively assessed within the current constraints of imaging modalities frequently used in the clinic (plain film X-ray and ultrasound).

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Photoacoustic Imaging as a Novel Non-invasive Biomarker to Assess Intestinal Tissue Oxygenation and Motility in Neonatal Rats.

J Pediatr Surg

March 2024

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, VA, USA. Electronic address:

Background: Within the premature infant intestine, oxygenation and motility play key physiological roles in healthy development and disease such as necrotizing enterocolitis. To date, there are limited techniques to reliably assess these physiological functions that are also clinically feasible for critically ill infants. To address this clinical need, we hypothesized that photoacoustic imaging (PAI) can provide non-invasive assessment of intestinal tissue oxygenation and motility to characterize intestinal physiology and health.

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Reproductive aging is associated with ovulatory defects. Age-related ovarian fibrosis partially contributes to this phenotype as short-term treatment with anti-fibrotic compounds improves ovulation in reproductively old mice. However, age-dependent changes that are intrinsic to the follicle may also be relevant.

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There is concern that exposure to soccer headers may be associated with neurological sequelae. Training proper heading technique represents a coachable intervention that may reduce head acceleration exposure. The objective was to assess relationships between heading technique and head kinematics in female youth soccer players.

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A fetal wound healing program after intrauterine bile duct injury may contribute to biliary atresia.

J Hepatol

December 2023

Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Engineering MechanoBiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Biliary atresia (BA) is a serious liver problem in babies that affects the bile ducts. Scientists think it might start before birth.
  • In their study, researchers looked at the bile ducts from different animals and humans to see how they react to injury, especially focusing on a substance called hyaluronic acid (HA) which helps with healing.
  • They found that injured bile ducts had a lot of HA, which could cause swelling and high levels of bilirubin, leading to blockages and more health issues for the baby.
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Integrating biomechanics with stakeholder perspectives to inform safety in grassroots dirt track racing.

Accid Anal Prev

November 2023

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States; School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University, United States.

Grassroots dirt track racing is a foundational part of motorsports with a high risk of severe injury. This study aimed to gather perspectives and experiences of motorsports drivers surrounding safety and head acceleration events experienced during grassroots dirt track racing to inform strategies to improve driver safety. Thirteen drivers (n=9 who primarily race on dirt tracks; n=4 who primarily race on pavement tracks) with prior dirt track racing experience participated in separate, group-specific focus groups and/or one-on-one interviews where video, simulations of head motion, and head acceleration data were shared.

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Brain working memory network indices as landmarks of intelligence.

Neuroimage Rep

June 2023

Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.

Identifying the neural correlates of intelligence has long been a goal in neuroscience. Recently, the field of network neuroscience has attracted researchers' attention as a means for answering this question. In network neuroscience, the brain is considered as an integrated system whose systematic properties provide profound insights into health and behavioral outcomes.

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Driver head kinematics in grassroots dirt track racing crashes: A pilot analysis.

Accid Anal Prev

October 2023

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University, USA.

Motorsport athletes experience head acceleration loading during crashes; however, there is limited literature quantifying the frequency and magnitude of these loads, particularly at the grassroots level of the sport. Understanding head motion experienced during crash events in motorsport is necessary to inform interventions to improve driver safety. This study aimed to quantify and characterize driver head and vehicle kinematics during crashes in open-wheel grassroots dirt track racing.

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Background: Rib fracture(s) occurs in 85% of blunt chest trauma cases. Increasing evidence supports that surgical intervention, particularly for multiple fractures, may improve outcomes. Thoracic morphology diversity across ages and sexes is important to consider in the design and use of surgical intervention devices in chest trauma.

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