Highly Active Oligoethylene Glycol Pleuromutilins via Systematic Linker Synthesis/One-Pot Attachment and a Microscale Solubility Method.

The semisynthetic derivatization of natural products is crucial for their continued development as antibiotics. While commercial pleuromutilin derivatives depend on amines for solubility, we demonstrate the high activity and solubility of oligoethylene glycol-substituted pleuromutilins achieved via a one-pot deprotection/attachment approach using thiolates protected as thioesters. The bifunctional linker synthesis is versatile and can be broadly applied to other chemistries.

Companion animal foster caregiving: a scoping review exploring animal and caregiver welfare, barriers to caregiver recruitment and retention, and best practices for foster care programs in animal shelters.

Each year, millions of animals enter animal shelters across the United States and are met with a variety of potential stressors that can negatively impact their experience, including noise, confinement, and social isolation. Foster care, a unique form of human-animal interaction, is increasingly understood to be an effective tool for improving welfare by allowing animals to escape the stressors of the shelter, providing an environment that allows for greater social interaction, and offering opportunities for improved health and behavior. This review includes 42 published articles, reports, master's theses, and doctoral dissertations that have previously evaluated companion animal foster care programs.

Semiparametric change points detection using single index spatial random effects model in environmental epidemiology study.

Environmental health studies are of great interest in research to evaluate the mortality-temperature relationship by adjusting spatially correlated random effects as well as identifying significant change points in temperature. However, this relationship is often not expressed using parametric models, which makes identifying change points an even more challenging problem. This paper proposes a unified semiparametric approach to simultaneously identify the nonlinear mortality-temperature relationship and detect spatially-dependent change points.

Healthcare inequity arising from unequal response to need in the older (45+ years) population of India: Analysis of nationally representative data.

Given the large and growing number of older (45+ years) people in India, inequitable access to healthcare in this population would slow global progress toward universal health coverage. We used a 2017-18 nationally representative sample of this population (n = 53,687) to estimate healthcare inequality and inequity by economic status. We used an extensive battery of indicators in nine health domains, plus age and sex, to adjust for need.

Development of a genotype-matched Newcastle disease DNA vaccine candidate adjuvanted with IL-28b for the control of targeted velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus in Africa.

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an extremely contagious and deadly virus that affects numerous bird species, posing serious threats to poultry production on a global scale. In addition to implementing biosecurity practices in farming systems, vaccination remains the most effective means of controlling Newcastle disease (ND). However, while existing commercial vaccines provide some level of protection, the effectiveness of these vaccines can be questionable, particularly in field settings where the complexity of vaccination program implementation poses significant challenges, especially against virulent genotypes of NDV.

A small venomous reptile from the Late Triassic (Norian) of the southwestern United States.

Reptile feeding strategies encompass a wide variety of diets and accompanying diversity in methods for subduing prey. One such strategy, the use of venom for prey capture, is found in living reptile clades like helodermatid (beaded) lizards and some groups of snakes, and venom secreting glands are also present in some monitor lizards and iguanians. The fossil record of some of these groups shows strong evidence for venom use, and this feeding strategy also has been hypothesized for a variety of extinct reptiles (.

Broad-scale ecological niches of pathogens vectored by the ticks and in North America.

Environmental dimensions, such as temperature, precipitation, humidity, and vegetation type, influence the activity, survival, and geographic distribution of tick species. Ticks are vectors of various pathogens that cause disease in humans, and and are among the tick species that transmit pathogens to humans across the central and eastern United States. Although their potential geographic distributions have been assessed broadly ecological niche modeling, no comprehensive study has compared ecological niche signals between ticks and tick-borne pathogens.

An Evaluation of Healthy Hydration Recommendations for 93 Countries with Sugary Beverage Tax Legislation Globally, 2000-2023.

Adequate water intake is essential for human health. Sugary beverage taxes are a best buy policy to reduce obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases. Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) promote healthy dietary patterns.

Antibacterial activities, PASS prediction and ADME analysis of phytochemicals from , , and : insights from in silico studies.

Microbial infection management and treatment are crucial as a result of the prevalent antimicrobial resistance issue. Progressive studies are being carried out on how to develop drugs that can mitigate the resistance trends of these microorganisms. Secondary metabolites of plants can also be employed and accessed for this role, as the current study examines the antibacterial activities of phytochemicals from three (3) plants (, , and ) through computational approaches.

Far from the walking pace. Ecological and evolutionary consequences of the suboptimal locomotion speeds in non-adult humans.

Introduction: Locomotion activities are part of most human daily tasks and are the basis for subsistence activities, particularly for hunter-gatherers. Therefore, differences in speed walking-related variables may have an effect, not only on the mobility of the group, but also on its composition. Some anthropometric parameters related to body length could affect walking speed-related variables and contribute to different human behaviors.

Regioselective Annulation of 6-Carboxy-Substituted Pyrones as a Two-Carbon Unit in Formal [4 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions.

Heterocycles serve as a critical motif in chemistry, but despite being present in more than 85% of pharmaceuticals, there are limited methods for their construction. Here, we describe the incorporation of intact pyrone (2-pyran-2-one) into larger ring systems via annulation. In a formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition, the pyrone regioselectively accepts a benzylic anion as a nucleophile in a conjugate addition fashion, with the subsequent pyrone-derived enolate attaching to a pendant ester on the initial nucleophile.

Forgotten Natural Products: Semisynthetic Development of Blasticidin S As an Antibiotic Lead.

Forgotten natural products offer value as antimicrobial scaffolds, providing diverse mechanisms of action that complement existing antibiotic classes. This study focuses on the derivatization of the cytotoxin blasticidin S, seeking to leverage its unique ribosome inhibition mechanism. Despite its complex zwitterionic properties, a selective protection and amidation strategy enabled the creation of a library of blasticidin S derivatives including the natural product P10.

Policy Insights from High-Income Countries to Guide Safe, Nutritious, and Sustainable Alternative Proteins for Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

The United Nations has encouraged governments to promote sustainable healthy diets to address undernutrition, obesity, and climate change. This perspective paper examines policy insights from selected high-income countries in Asia, Europe, and North America to understand how traditional and novel alternative proteins (AP) may support sustainable healthy diets in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) where populations experience malnutrition in all forms. AP products must be affordable, locally sustainable, and culturally acceptable to improve diet quality and health.

moSCminer: a cell subtype classification framework based on the attention neural network integrating the single-cell multi-omics dataset on the cloud.

Single-cell omics sequencing has rapidly advanced, enabling the quantification of diverse omics profiles at a single-cell resolution. To facilitate comprehensive biological insights, such as cellular differentiation trajectories, precise annotation of cell subtypes is essential. Conventional methods involve clustering cells and manually assigning subtypes based on canonical markers, a labor-intensive and expert-dependent process.

Exerkines, Nutrition, and Systemic Metabolism.

The cornerstones of good health are exercise, proper food, and sound nutrition. Physical exercise should be a lifelong routine, supported by proper food selections to satisfy nutrient requirements based on energy needs, energy management, and variety to achieve optimal metabolism and physiology. The human body is sustained by intermediary and systemic metabolism integrating the physiologic processes for cells, tissues, organs, and systems.

COVID-19 related messaging, beliefs, information sources, and mitigation behaviors in Virginia: a cross-sectional survey in the summer of 2020.

Background: Conflicting messages and misleading information related to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic (SARS-CoV-2) have hindered mitigation efforts. It is important that trust in evidence-based public health information be maintained to effectively continue pandemic mitigation strategies. Officials, researchers, and the public can benefit from exploring how people receive information they believe and trust, and how their beliefs influence their behaviors.

Children and teens must develop digital literacy skills to navigate complex and evolving food ecosystems.

Ares et al 2023 discussed multisectoral strategies that practitioners could use to foster food literacy competencies (ie, relational, functional, and critical) across the lifespan. This letter encourages the authors to include digital food and nutrition literacy skills to help children and teens navigate a complex food ecosystem shaped by digital technologies. Existing digital food and nutrition literacy models and metrics could be adapted to enable young people to make healthy dietary choices within future sustainable food systems.

US Adults' Perceptions, Beliefs, and Behaviors towards Plant-Rich Dietary Patterns and Practices: International Food Information Council Food and Health Survey Insights, 2012-2022.

Expert groups recommend that populations adopt dietary patterns higher in whole, plant-based foods and lower in red and processed meat as a high-impact climate action. Yet, there is limited understanding of populations' willingness to adopt plant-rich dietary patterns. This study examined United States (US) adults' perceptions, beliefs, and behaviors towards plant-rich dietary patterns and practices over a decade.

Diversity and ice nucleation activity of in drone-based water samples from eight lakes in Austria.

Bacteria from the complex (comprised of at least 15 recognized species and more than 60 different pathovars of ) have been cultured from clouds, rain, snow, streams, rivers, and lakes. Some strains of express an ice nucleation protein (hereafter referred to as ice+) that catalyzes the heterogeneous freezing of water. Though has been sampled intensively from freshwater sources in the U.

Development and Human Factors Evaluation of a Portable Auditory Localization Training System.

Objective: To design and develop a Portable Auditory Localization Acclimation Training (PALAT) system capable of producing psychoacoustically accurate localization cues; evaluate the training effect against a proven full-scale, laboratory-grade system under three listening conditions; and determine if the PALAT system is sensitive to differences among electronic level-dependent hearing protection devices (HPDs).

Background: In-laboratory auditory localization training has demonstrated the ability to improve localization performance with the open (natural) ear, that is, unoccluded, and while wearing HPDs. The military requires a portable system capable of imparting similar training benefits as those demonstrated in laboratory experiments.

The Influence of Brief Outing and Temporary Fostering Programs on Shelter Dog Welfare.

Human interaction is one of the most consistently effective interventions that can improve the welfare of shelter-living dogs. Time out of the kennel with a person has been shown to reduce physiological measures of stress as can leaving the shelter for a night or more in a foster home. In this study, we assessed the effects of brief outings and temporary fostering stays on dogs' length of stay and outcomes.

A NitroPure Nitrocellulose Membrane-Based Grapevine Virus Sampling Kit: Development and Deployment to Survey Japanese Vineyards and Nurseries.

We developed a NitroPure Nitrocellulose (NPN) membrane-based method for sampling and storing grapevine sap for grapevine virus detection. We devised an efficient nucleic acid extraction method for the NPN membrane, resulting in 100% amplification success for grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (GLRaV2) and 3 (GLRaV3), grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV), grapevine virus A, grapevine virus B, and grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV). This method also allowed the storage of recoverable nucleic acid for 18 months at room temperature.