Search for Fractionally Charged Particles with CUORE.

The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is a detector array comprised by 988 5  cm×5  cm×5  cm TeO_{2} crystals held below 20 mK, primarily searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay in ^{130}Te. Unprecedented in size among cryogenic calorimetric experiments, CUORE provides a promising setting for the study of exotic throughgoing particles. Using the first tonne year of CUORE's exposure, we perform a search for hypothesized fractionally charged particles (FCPs), which are well-motivated by various standard model extensions and would have suppressed interactions with matter.

Cross-Protection between West Nile Virus and Emerging Flaviviruses in Wild Birds.

West Nile virus (WNV), St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), and Usutu virus (USUV) are zoonotic flaviviruses that cause neuroinvasive disease in humans and are maintained in overlapping avian-mosquito transmission cycles. West Nile virus and SLEV cocirculate in the United States, and WNV and USUV cocirculate in Europe.

Effects of maternal Cu, Mn, and Zn supplementation from different sources on physiological and productive responses of cows and their offspring.

Seventy-two nonlactating, pregnant Angus cows (initial body weight [BW] = 637 ± 13 kg; body condition score [BCS] = 5.5 ± 0.07 yr; and age = 6.

Neurological manifestations of encephalitic alphaviruses, traumatic brain injuries, and organophosphorus nerve agent exposure.

Encephalitic alphaviruses (EEVs), Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI), and organophosphorus nerve agents (NAs) are three diverse biological, physical, and chemical injuries that can lead to long-term neurological deficits in humans. EEVs include Venezuelan, eastern, and western equine encephalitis viruses. This review describes the current understanding of neurological pathology during these three conditions, provides a comparative review of case studies vs.

Cellular takeover: How new world alphaviruses impact host organelle function.

Alphavirus replication is dependent on host cell organelles to facilitate multiple steps of the viral life cycle. New world alphaviruses (NWA) consisting of eastern, western and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses are a subgroup of alphaviruses associated with central nervous system disease. Despite differing morbidity and mortality amongst these viruses, all are important human pathogens due to their transmission through viral aerosolization and mosquito transmission.

Autistic Adults Experience Higher PTSD Symptoms Relating to Motor Vehicle Accidents than Non-Autistic Adults.

Purpose: Autistic adults experience high rates of traumatic events and PTSD. However, little work has evaluated motor vehicle accident (MVA) related trauma symptoms. The goal of this brief report was to provide pilot data characterizing MVA-related peritraumatic reactions, trauma symptoms, and rates of PTSD diagnosis and mental health service use among Autistic compared to non-autistic adults.

Urothelial carcinoma in situ with "early papillary formation" vs "lateral spread/shoulder lesion" of prior high-grade noninvasive papillary urothelial carcinoma: A survey of pathologist and urologist interpretations.

Objectives: Urothelial carcinoma in situ (CIS) with early papillary formation is terminology sometimes used to suggest incipient high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (PUC) but may lead to confusion between true CIS and lateral flat spread of PUC.

Methods: It remains unclear how pathologists and urologists interpret this scenario, so a survey was circulated to 68 pathologists (group 1 = 28 academic genitourinary pathologists; group 2 = 17 pathologists with a self-reported genitourinary focus; group 3 = 23 pathologists self-reported as not genitourinary specialists) and 32 urologists.

Results: Regarding atypical urothelial lesions that appear mainly flat but contain possible papillae, group 3 was more likely to label this as CIS compared with groups 1 and 2 (35% for group 3 vs 13% for groups 1 and 2), while groups 1 and 2 more often adopted another descriptive diagnosis, such as "CIS with early papillary features" (38% for groups 1 and 2 vs 13% for group 3).

Sequence-Dependent Repolarization Is Modulated by Endogenous Action Potential Duration Gradients Rather Than Electrical Coupling in Ventricular Myocardium.

Background: Previous studies suggest the relationship between activation time (AT) and action potential duration (APD) in the heart is dependent on electrotonic coupling, but this has not been directly tested. This study assessed whether acute changes in electrical coupling, or other determinants of conduction or repolarization, modulate APD heterogeneity.

Methods And Results: Langendorff-perfused guinea pig hearts were epicardially paced and optically mapped after treatment with the gap junction uncoupler carbenoxolone, ephaptic uncoupler mannitol, ephaptic enhancer dextran 2MDa, sodium channel inhibitor flecainide, or rapid component of the delayed rectifier potassium channel inhibitor E4031.

Indirectly acquired fear memories have distinct, sex-specific molecular signatures from directly acquired fear memories.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe anxiety disorder that affects women more than men. About 30% of patients suffering from PTSD develop the disorder by witnessing a traumatic event happen to someone else. However, as the focus has remained on those directly experiencing the traumatic event, whether indirectly acquired fear memories that underlie PTSD have the same molecular signature as those that are directly acquired remains unknown.

Experience of Intimate Partner Violence-Related Head Trauma and Its Association With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Symptoms Among Community Dwelling Women and Men.

Individuals who experience intimate partner violence (IPV) often report posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms and IPV-related head trauma (IPV-HT), which can also affect mental health. We aimed to estimate rates of IPV-HT and examine the unique associations of IPV, HT, and IPV-HT with PTSD and depression symptom severity in a community-based sample of cohabitating couples. A total of 413 participants (216 women, 1 non-binary) self-reported lifetime history of HT and physical IPV.

Youth, caregiver, and clinician perspectives of youth Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) in a psychological training clinic: lessons from early adopters.

This study examines the applicability and utility of youth Measurement-Based Care (MBC) in a community-based psychological training clinic. Considering the complexity of youth compared to adult MBC, there is an increasing need to expand the evidence base. This study investigated how doctoral students in clinical psychology managed the selection and usage of Patient Rated Outcome Measures (PROMs) for youth and their parents.

Winners and Losers From Climate Change: An Analysis of Climate Thresholds for Tree Growth and Survival for Roughly 150 Species Across the Contiguous United States.

Changes in temperature and precipitation are already influencing US forests and that will continue in the future even as we mitigate climate change. Using spatiotemporally matched data for mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP), we used simulated annealing to estimate critical thresholds for changes in the growth and survival of roughly 150 tree species (153 spp. for growth, 159 spp.

Identifiability investigation of within-host models of acute virus infection.

Uncertainty in parameter estimates from fitting within-host models to empirical data limits the model's ability to uncover mechanisms of infection, disease progression, and to guide pharmaceutical interventions. Understanding the effect of model structure and data availability on model predictions is important for informing model development and experimental design. To address sources of uncertainty in parameter estimation, we used four mathematical models of influenza A infection with increased degrees of biological realism.

Highly Active Oligoethylene Glycol Pleuromutilins via Systematic Linker Synthesis/One-Pot Attachment and a Microscale Solubility Method.

The semisynthetic derivatization of natural products is crucial for their continued development as antibiotics. While commercial pleuromutilin derivatives depend on amines for solubility, we demonstrate the high activity and solubility of oligoethylene glycol-substituted pleuromutilins achieved via a one-pot deprotection/attachment approach using thiolates protected as thioesters. The bifunctional linker synthesis is versatile and can be broadly applied to other chemistries.

A higher-order quadratic NLS equation on the half-line.

The well-posedness of the initial-boundary value problem for higher-order quadratic nonlinear Schrödinger equations on the half-line is studied by utilizing the Fokas solution formula for the corresponding linear problem. Using this formula, linear estimates are derived in Bourgain spaces for initial data in spatial Sobolev spaces on the half-line and boundary data in temporal Sobolev spaces suggested by the time regularity of the linear initial value problem. Then, the needed bilinear estimates are derived and used for showing that the iteration map defined via the Fokas solution formula is a contraction in appropriate solution spaces.

Quantitative Liver Fat Assessment by Handheld Point-of-Care Ultrasound: A Technical Implementation and Pilot Study in Adults.

Objectives: To implement, examine the feasibility of, and evaluate the performance of quantitative ultrasound (QUS) with a handheld point-of-care US (POCUS) device for assessing liver fat in adults.

Materials And Methods: This prospective IRB-approved, HIPAA-compliant pilot study enrolled adults with overweight or obesity. Participants underwent chemical-shift-encoded magnetic resonance imaging to estimate proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and, within 1 mo, QUS with a POCUS device by expert sonographers and novice operators (no prior US scanning experience).

The physiological and molecular responses of potato tuberization to projected future elevated temperatures.

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important food crops globally and is especially vulnerable to heat stress. However, substantial knowledge gaps remain in our understanding of the developmental mechanisms associated with tuber responses to heat stress.

Companion animal foster caregiving: a scoping review exploring animal and caregiver welfare, barriers to caregiver recruitment and retention, and best practices for foster care programs in animal shelters.

Each year, millions of animals enter animal shelters across the United States and are met with a variety of potential stressors that can negatively impact their experience, including noise, confinement, and social isolation. Foster care, a unique form of human-animal interaction, is increasingly understood to be an effective tool for improving welfare by allowing animals to escape the stressors of the shelter, providing an environment that allows for greater social interaction, and offering opportunities for improved health and behavior. This review includes 42 published articles, reports, master's theses, and doctoral dissertations that have previously evaluated companion animal foster care programs.

Associations among PTSD symptoms, fear of emotion, and couple communication difficulties: A between-person dyadic analysis.

This study investigated between-person associations among PTSD symptoms, fear of emotion, and perceived couple communication difficulties in a dyadic context among 64 trauma-exposed, mixed gender community couples (N = 128 individuals) using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model. Individuals with higher PTSD symptoms endorsed greater fear of their emotions (β = .72; β = .

Toward rapid silica analysis of CPDM samples: Deposition of recovered dust and analysis by FTIR.

The ongoing resurgence of severe Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis in the US has been linked to overexposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS, which is predominantly present as quartz and regulated as such). Capabilities that enable more frequent RCS monitoring are highly sought. Recent developments include field-based quartz analysis of traditional filter samples-collected on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) filters-using portable Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).