Effectiveness of rehabilitation for patients with subacromial impingement syndrome: a systematic review.

Prior systematic reviews of rehabilitation for nondescript shoulder pain have not yielded clinically applicable results for those patients with subacromial impingement syndrome (SAIS). The purpose of this study was to examine the evidence for rehabilitation interventions for SAIS. The authors used data source as the method.

Sitting and standing tolerance in patients with chronic back pain: comparison between physician prediction and covert observation.

Objectives: To measure covertly observed continuous sitting and standing tolerance in patients with chronic back pain and to compare observations to physician predictions.

Design: Blinded, prospective, cohort study.

Setting: Ambulatory referral centers, both public and private, at 5 major medical centers in the eastern United States.

Attention and the stages of pain processing.

Objective: Explore the relationships between the four stages of pain processing and attention in chronic pain sufferers.

Design: A cross-sectional, retrospective study of 736 subjects participating in an outpatient university-based tertiary care pain treatment program.

Methods: Self-report measures of pain, pain-related unpleasantness, and suffering (Pain Experience Visual Analog Scales) in conjunction with a structured interview assessing illness behavior (adaptation of the Psychosocial Pain Inventory) and attention (Digit Span subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised) were employed.

The histone deacetylase inhibitor MS-275 interacts synergistically with fludarabine to induce apoptosis in human leukemia cells.

Interactions between the novel benzamide histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor MS-275 and fludarabine were examined in lymphoid and myeloid human leukemia cells in relation to mitochondrial injury, signal transduction events, and apoptosis. Prior exposure of Jurkat lymphoblastic leukemia cells to a marginally toxic concentration of MS-275 (e.g.

Bortezomib and flavopiridol interact synergistically to induce apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia cells resistant to imatinib mesylate through both Bcr/Abl-dependent and -independent mechanisms.

Interactions between the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor flavopiridol and the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib were examined in Bcr/Abl(+) human leukemia cells. Coexposure of K562 or LAMA84 cells to subtoxic concentration of flavopiridol (150-200 nM) and bortezomib (5-8 nM) resulted in a synergistic increase in mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. These events were associated with a marked diminution in nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB)/DNA binding activity; enhanced phosphorylation of SEK1/MKK4 (stress-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-related kinase 1/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK); down-regulation of Bcr/Abl; and a marked reduction in signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and STAT5 activity.

Sports and performing arts medicine. 4. Traumatic injuries in sports.

Unlabelled: This self-directed learning module focuses on injuries often seen in contact sports. It includes information on trauma to the cervical spine, wrist, shoulder, knee, ankle, foot, and chest and also discusses concussion in sport. It is part of the study guide on sports and performing arts medicine in the Self-Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation.

Understanding co-morbidities affecting children with epilepsy.

Co-morbid conditions frequently occur in childhood epilepsy and may significantly affect epilepsy and its treatment. Similarly, epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) may affect these associated conditions. Co-morbidities that have a significant association with childhood epilepsy include attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism, developmental disabilities, accidental injury, migraine, and depression/anxiety.

Regulation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the central nervous system by chronic cannabinoids.

Marijuana produces a number of characteristic behaviors in humans and animals, including memory impairment, antinociception, and locomotor and psychoactive effects. However, tolerance and dependence to cannabinoids develops after chronic use, as demonstrated both clinically and in animal models. The potential therapeutic benefits of certain cannabinoid-mediated effects, as well as the use of marijuana for its psychoactive properties, has raised interest in understanding the cellular adaptations produced by chronic administration of this class of drugs.

Small molecule inhibitors targeting cyclin-dependent kinases as anticancer agents.

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their related pathways represent some of the most attractive targets in the development of anticancer therapeutics. Among a variety of CDK inhibitors under development, flavopiridol, UCN-01, CYC202, and BMS-387032 are undergoing clinical evaluation based on evidence of preclinical antitumor activity. Flavopiridol exerts multiple effects in tumor cells, including inhibition of multiple CDKs, transcriptional inhibition secondary to disruption of P-TEFb (CDK9/cyclin T), induction of apoptosis, and antiangiogenesis.

Acid-base and electrolyte analysis in critically ill patients: are we ready for the new millennium?

Purpose Of Review: Disorders of acid-base and electrolytes are commonly seen in critically ill patients. The presence of these disorders typically signals the development of an underlying pathology. These disturbances can be severe and are often associated with worse outcome.

Identification of Naegleria fowleri in domestic water sources by nested PCR.

The free-living amoeboflagellate Naegleria fowleri is the causative agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), a rapidly fatal disease of the central nervous system. In the United States, the disease is generally acquired while swimming and diving in freshwater lakes and ponds. In addition to swimming, exposure to N.

The lighthouse strategy: Improving the functional status of patients with unilateral neglect after stroke and brain injury using a visual imagery intervention.

This study extends the work of J. Niemeier (1998) by using visual imagery for amelioration of the devastating impact of visual inattention or neglect on recovery from stroke or other brain injuries. Ten individuals with unilateral visual neglect who were undergoing acute physical rehabilitation after brain injury were cued by their interdisciplinary treatment team members to "be like" horizon-illuminating lighthouses and turn their heads left and right during functional and therapy training tasks.

The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib promotes mitochondrial injury and apoptosis induced by the small molecule Bcl-2 inhibitor HA14-1 in multiple myeloma cells.

Interactions between the small molecule Bcl-2 inhibitor HA14-1 and proteasome inhibitors, including bortezomib (Velcade; formerly known as PS-341) and MG-132, have been examined in human multiple myeloma cells. Sequential (but not simultaneous) exposure of MM.1S cells to bortezomib or MG-132 (10 h) followed by HA14-1 (8 h) resulted in a marked increase in mitochondrial injury (loss of DeltaPsim, cytochrome c, Smac/DIABLO, and apoptosis-inducing factor release), activation of procaspases-3, -8, and -9, and Bid, induction of apoptosis, and loss of clonogenicity.

Thymic function and output of recent thymic emigrant T cells during intracranial glioma progression.

One of the hallmarks of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is profound lymphopenia mostly confined to the T cell lineage. A deficiency in the production of naive T cells from the thymus could contribute to the lymphopenia seen in GBM patients. In this study we asked whether thymic function and the production of recent thymic emigrant (RTE) T cells from the thymus was influenced by intracranial (i.

Pharmacoeconomic considerations in the health system management of anaemia in patients with chronic kidney disease and end stage renal disease.

Anaemia is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease and end stage renal disease. If left untreated, it greatly affects patient survival, quality of life and functional status. Epoetin and darbepoetin are two biotechnology drugs that effectively stimulate the production of red blood cells.

Distribution of ORL-1 receptor binding and receptor-activated G-proteins in rat forebrain and their experimental localization in anterior cingulate cortex.

Opioid receptor-like (ORL-1) receptors and ORL-1-activated G-proteins are found in high levels in the forebrain, particularly cingulate cortex, an area involved in processing of nociceptive stimuli. [(3)H]nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) and N/OFQ-stimulated [(35)S]GTPgammaS autoradiography in rat brain were used to localize ORL-1 receptors and activated G-proteins, respectively. N/OFQ binding and activated G-proteins were highest in anterior cingulate, agranular insula, piriform, perirhinal and entorhinal cortices; midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei; and subnuclei of the amygdala and hippocampus.

Partial breast brachytherapy after lumpectomy: low-dose-rate and high-dose-rate experience.

Purpose: The use of partial breast brachytherapy (PBB) after lumpectomy for selected patients with early-stage breast cancer reduces the adjuvant radiotherapy treatment time to <1 week. Despite the advantages of accelerated treatment, maintaining an acceptable cosmetic outcome is important. In a cohort of patients who received low-dose-rate (LDR) or high-dose-rate (HDR) PBB after lumpectomy, the clinical characteristics and treatment parameters were analyzed to identify predictors for an unfavorable cosmetic outcome.

Gore-Tex chin implants: a review of 324 cases.

Augmentation of the chin is a long-standing and effective technique for facial enhancement. We have used preformed expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-Tex) implants for chin augmentation for several years. For this study, we collectively pooled data detailing our experiences with this material.

Synergistic antileukemic interactions between 17-AAG and UCN-01 involve interruption of RAF/MEK- and AKT-related pathways.

Interactions between the protein kinase C (PKC) and Chk1 inhibitor UCN-01 and the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) antagonist 17-AAG have been examined in human leukemia cells in relation to effects on signal transduction pathways and apoptosis. Simultaneous exposure (30 hours) of U937 monocytic leukemia cells to minimally toxic concentrations of 17-AAG (eg, 400 nM) and UCN-01 (eg, 75 nM) triggered a pronounced increase in mitochondrial injury (ie, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential [Deltapsim]; cytosolic release of cytochrome c), caspase activation, and apoptosis. Synergistic induction of apoptosis was also observed in other human leukemia cell types (eg, Jurkat, NB4).

Interventions in chronic pain management. 4. Medications in pain management.

Unlabelled: This self-directed learning module, which highlights pharmacologic approaches in the management of chronic pain, focuses on both traditional and nontraditional medications. It is part of the study guide on interventions in chronic pain management in the Self-Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. This article highlights medication concepts, including the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, opiate management of chronic pain, and neuropathic pain management; and it reviews some nontraditional approaches such as homeopathy and herbal remedies.

Congenital and acquired brain injury. 2. Brain injury rehabilitation: medical management.

Unlabelled: This self-directed learning module focuses on the importance of developing comprehensive problem lists and treatment plans for the patient with acute brain injury. It is part of the chapter on Congenital and Acquired Brain Injury in the Self-Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. This article focuses on general medical management, interpretation of brain injury severity, cranial nerve dysfunction, acute changes in neurologic function, and treatment of spasticity.

Vitamin D3 and vitamin D3 analogues as an adjunct to cancer chemo-therapy and radiotherapy.

The development of drugs that are highly selective and yet produce minimal toxicity to host tissue remains one of the most difficult challenges in cancer therapeutics. Since the majority of malignancies are treated with drugs in combination rather than single agents, one practical approach to circumvent this problem is to develop new therapeutic agents that will potentiate the effectiveness of current clinical protocols. This strategy would accelerate the acceptance of new drugs as adjunct therapies since these agents could be used at concentrations well below their maximal tolerated doses.