Association of circulating ketone bodies with cognitive performance and dementia in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Introduction: Growing interest centers on the association between circulating ketone bodies (KB) and cognitive function, notably in aging and neurodegenerative diseases.

Methods: Associations of plasma KB with incident dementia and cognitive performances were examined among Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants. KB were measured using plasma samples collected following an overnight fasting at Exam 1 (2000-02) and detailed cognitive testing at Exam 5 (2010-2012,  = 4392), Exam 6 (2016-2018,  = 1838), and in MESA-MIND (2019-2021,  = 2060).

Educator's blueprint: Key considerations for using social media in survey-based medical education research.

In this paper, we present a set of recommendations for using social media as a tool for participant recruitment in survey-based medical education research. Drawing from a limited but growing body of literature, we discuss the opportunities and challenges inherent to social media recruitment. This article builds on the authors' previous educator's blueprints about survey design and administration.

Emergency department observation units: A scoping review.

Objective: This scoping review assesses existing research on observation units, examining diagnoses, clinical outcomes, finances, and health system comparisons to identify knowledge gaps related to patients in dedicated emergency observation units.

Methods: The scoping review follows the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and was published prior to the review on Open Science Framework. Databases searched included MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase (Ovid), and CINAHL (Ebsco), with unpublished studies and gray literature identified via Web of Science.

Quality of Popular Online Resources About Vestibular Migraine.

Objective: To evaluate the readability, understandability, actionability, and accuracy of online resources covering vestibular migraine (VM).

Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study design.

Setting: Digital collection of websites appearing on Google search.

COVID-19-related chemosensory changes: Findings from a prospective national database.

Objective: The aim of this study was to review findings from a large prospective national database of chemosensory disturbances associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.

Data Sources: The Virginia Commonwealth University Smell and Taste Center national database of COVID-19 chemosensory disturbances.

Methods: A series of online surveys, first opened on April 10, 2020, was made accessible nationwide to any adult with sudden chemosensory dysfunction since January 2020.

Anti-nuclear matrix protein 2 antibody-positive amyopathic dermatomyositis presenting in a patient with prostate cancer: A case report.

Nuclear matrix protein (NXP-2) positive amyopathic dermatomyositis (DM) may present without classic symptoms like muscle weakness, dysphagia, and edema, and mimic conditions like cutaneous lupus. Given DM's association with malignancy and interstitial lung disease, prompt and accurate diagnosis is important. Testing for myositis-specific antibodies aids diagnosis in ambiguous cases.

Identifying the prevalence and characteristics of diversity, equity, and inclusion leaders in academic emergency medicine.

Objectives: Our study aims to better understand and describe the current state of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) leadership in emergency medicine (EM) by identifying the prevalence of department DEI leadership positions, their demographics, and their job duty characteristics.

Methods: We disseminated an electronic survey from April to July 2022 to Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) Association of Academic Chairs of Emergency Medicine, Academy for Diversity and Inclusion in Emergency Medicine, and the Equity and Inclusion Committee to identify department DEI leads. From July to August 2022, a 45-question survey was sent to all identified DEI leaders on individual characteristics, DEI experience, and DEI lead job description.

Consensus-based ethical best practices for performing educational point-of-care ultrasonography in the emergency department.

Objectives: There is no standardized protocol for performing educational point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) that addresses patient-centered ethical issues such as obtaining informed consent. This study sought to define principles for ethical application of educational POCUS and develop consensus-based best practice guidance.

Methods: A questionnaire was developed by a trained ethicist after literature review with the help of a medical librarian.

Stochastic modeling of obesity status in United States adults using Markov Chains: A nationally representative analysis of population health data from 2017-2020.

Importance: The prevalence of obesity among United States adults has increased from 34.9% in 2013-2014 to 42.8% in 2017-2018.

Exploring Depression and Nutritional Covariates Amongst US Adults using Shapely Additive Explanations.

Background: Depression affects personal and public well-being and identification of natural therapeutics such as nutrition is necessary to help alleviate this public health concern.

Objective: The study aimed to identify feature importance in a machine learning model using solely nutrition covariates.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using a modern, nationally representative cohort, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES 2017-2020).

Educator's blueprint: A how-to guide on survey administration.

In this paper, we take the lessons learned from designing a survey and collecting validity evidence and prepare to administer the survey for research. We focus specifically on how researchers can reach individuals in the target population, methods of contact and engagement, evidence-informed factors that enhance participation, and recommendations for follow-up with nonrespondents. We also discuss the challenges of survey administration and provide guidance for navigating low response rates.

-Related ciliopathies: A new case and major review of the ophthalmic manifestations of 147 reported cases.

Our case report and review contribute to the understanding of ocular manifestations in NPHP1 ciliopathies by reinforcing the relationship between pathogenic genetic variants and a wide array of ophthalmic abnormalities.

Increased vigorous exercise and decreased sedentary activities are associated with decreased depressive symptoms in United States adults: Analysis of The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2020.

Background And Aims: Depression is a major public health concern that affects over 4% of the global population. Identification of new nonpharmacologic recommendations will help decrease the burden of disease. The overarching of this study was to examine the association between physical activity and depressive symptoms in a large sample of adults in the United States.

An atypical presentation of giant cell arteritis: Fatigable signs to anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and choroidal infarction.

Key Clinical Message: Prompt diagnosis and treatment of GCA are crucial to preserve vision. Because of this, new-onset ptosis or diplopia in elderly patients should warrant consideration of GCA, even in the absence of "classic" features, systemic symptoms or elevated inflammatory markers.

Abstract: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a vision-threatening, ophthalmic emergency that classically presents with new-onset headaches, scalp tenderness, systemic symptoms, visual disturbances, and elevated inflammatory markers.

Diabetes is associated with increased risk of death in COVID-19 hospitalizations in Mexico 2020: A retrospective cohort study.

Background And Aim: The COVID-19 disease course can be thought of as a function of prior risk factors consisting of comorbidities and outcomes. Survival analysis data for diabetic patients with COVID-19 from an up to date and representative sample can increase efficiency in resource allocation. The study aimed to quantify mortality in Mexico for individuals with diabetes in the setting of COVID-19 hospitalization.

Venetoclax with decitabine or azacitidine in the first-line treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.

Treatment paradigms for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have evolved at a rapid pace in recent years. The combination of venetoclax with a hypomethylating agent prolonged survival in clinical trials when compared to hypomethylating agent monotherapy. However, little is known about the performance of venetoclax-based regimens outside of clinical trials, given conflicting safety and efficacy data.

A scoping review of randomized clinical trials for pain management in pediatric tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy.

Objectives: To examine the volume, topics, and reporting trends in the published literature of randomized clinical trials for pharmacologic pain management of pediatric tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy and to identify areas requiring further research.

Data Sources: PubMed (National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health), Scopus (Elsevier), CINAHL (EBSCO), and Cochrane Library (Wiley).

Methods: A systematic search of four databases was conducted.

Educator's blueprint: A how-to guide for collecting validity evidence in survey- based research.

Surveys are descriptive assessment tools. Like other assessment tools, the validity and reliability of the data obtained from surveys depend, in large part, on the rigor of the development process. Without validity evidence, data from surveys may lack meaning, leading to uncertainty as to how well the survey truly measures the intended constructs.

Educator's blueprint: A how-to guide for survey design.

Surveys are ubiquitous in medical education. They can be valuable for assessment across a wide range of applications and are frequently used in medical education research. This Educator's Blueprint paper reviews the best practices in survey design with a focus on survey development.