Identifying data gaps in early childhood physical activity evidence.

Childhood physical activity sets the foundation for health. While we know many factors that contribute to physical activity, there are limitations in our knowledge, especially in early childhood. Through our review, we identify gaps in existing datasets to guide future research.

Religious and Spiritual Experiences, Discrimination, and Stress Among Midlife Women in the USA: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.

The harmful effects of perceived discrimination for physical and mental health are well documented. Evidence identifies how dimensions of religious/spiritual (R/S) involvement may reduce these harmful effects. This study examined how R/S experiences are associated with the effects of discrimination on perceived stress.

Proteomics in Acute Heart Transplant Rejection, On Behalf of the GRAfT Investigators.

Background: Proteomic phenotyping can provide insights into rejection pathophysiology, novel biomarkers, and therapeutic targets.

Methods: Within the prospective, multicenter Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation study, 181 proteins were evaluated from blood drawn at the time of endomyocardial biopsy; protein fold change, logistic regression, and pathway analyses were conducted, with protein discovery adjusted for a 5% false discovery rate.

Results: Among 104 adult heart transplant patients (31% female sex, 53% Black race, median age 52 y), 74 had no rejection, 18 developed acute cellular rejection (ACR), and 12 developed antibody-mediated rejection (AMR).

Assessment of Inter-Laboratory Variability for Flow Cytometric Crossmatch Testing: Lessons Learned from Proficiency Surveys.

Detection of antibody directed against human leukocyte antigens (HLA) using a combination of flow cytometric crossmatch (FCXM) and antibody tests, is an important responsibility of Histocompatibility laboratories. Proficiency testing surveys utilize the results of these assays to assess concordance across multiple laboratories. In this study, we reviewed the ASHI Proficiency Testing (PT) antibody and crossmatching (AC) survey results obtained over a 6-year period, to evaluate the degree and nature of inter-laboratory FCXM and antibody assay variability.

Fostamatinib for Hospitalized Adults With COVID-19 and Hypoxemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Fostamatinib, a spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been reported to improve outcomes of COVID-19.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fostamatinib in adults hospitalized with COVID-19 and hypoxemia.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter, phase 3, placebo-controlled, double-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted at 41 US sites and 21 international sites between November 17, 2021, and September 27, 2023; the last follow-up visit was December 31, 2023.

What you believe is what you get? A systematic review examining how beliefs and attitudes about sleep are associated with sleep duration in non-clinical samples.

A burgeoning area of research is investigating whether beliefs and attitudes about sleep are associated with sleep duration in individuals without clinical conditions (e.g., insomnia, depression, anxiety, chronic pain).

Sexual orientation discrimination and eating disorder symptoms in early adolescence: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Sexual orientation discrimination increases the risks of negative health outcomes for sexual minorities. Previous studies have found increased rates of eating disorder symptoms in sexual minority individuals, which is attributable to minority stress and discrimination that they experience. Emerging research suggests relationships between sexual orientation discrimination and eating disorder symptoms.

Optical Automatic Contour Tracing (O-ACT) - A novel optical image-guided contour tracing method for electron beam shaping.

Background: Electron therapy, vital for treating skin lesions and superficial tumors, demands precise electron cutouts to ensure accurate dose delivery. Traditional manual tracing methods introduce uncertainties and inefficiencies, necessitating innovative solutions for custom block creation.

Purpose: To introduce and validate the Optical Automatic Contour Tracing (O-ACT) method, enhancing electron cutout generation's accuracy and efficiency through optical imaging and software automation.

Metabolic Dysfunction and Alcohol-related Liver Disease (MetALD): Position statement by an expert panel on alcohol-related liver disease.

This position statement explores the intricate relationship between alcohol intake and metabolic dysfunction in the context of the 2023 nomenclature for steatotic liver disease (SLD). Recent and lifetime alcohol use should be accurately assessed in all patients with SLD to facilitate classification of alcohol use in grams of alcohol per week. Alcohol biomarkers (i.

Parkinson's Disease Mild Cognitive Impairment with MRI evidence of Cholinergic Nucleus 4 Degeneration: A New Subtype?

Subtyping Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) could improve clinical trial design and personalized treatments. Cholinergic nucleus 4 (Ch4) volume has been linked to cognitive impairment severity and future decline in PD. This study investigates whether PD-MCI patients with MRI evidence of Ch4 degeneration have distinct clinical profiles and cognitive trajectories.

Conduction Disturbances After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: An Update on Epidemiology, Preventive Strategies, and Management.

Conduction disturbances (CDs) are common after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Continuous improvements in preprocedural planification, implant techniques, and device design have markedly reduced periprocedural complications. However, CDs rate remains in the double-digit range.

Sex Differences in Patient-Reported Outcomes and Perception of Ascites Burden Among Outpatients With Decompensated Cirrhosis and Ascites.

Introduction: Perception of the ascites burden and its effects on quality of life may be different between sexes. This study assessed sex differences in perception of ascites burden and its impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with recurrent or refractory ascites.

Methods: The North American Consortium for the Study of End-stage Liver Disease prospectively enrolled outpatients with cirrhosis and large ascites requiring repeat large volume paracenteses.

MRI Spinal Cord Reconstruction Provides Insights into Mapping and Migration Following Percutaneous Epidural Stimulation Implantation in Spinal Cord Injury.

: Spinal cord epidural stimulation (SCES) has the potential to restore motor functions following spinal cord injury (SCI). Spinal cord mapping is a cornerstone step towards successfully configuring SCES to improve motor function, aiming to restore standing and stepping abilities in individuals with SCI. While some centers have advocated for the use of intraoperative mapping to anatomically target the spinal cord locomotor centers, this is a resource-intensive endeavor and may not be a feasible approach in all centers.

Approachability and Sensory Changes Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Pigs.

Background/objectives: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global healthcare concern affecting millions, with wide-ranging symptoms including sensory and behavioral changes that can persist long-term. Due to similarities with human brain cytoarchitecture and inflammation, minipig models are advantageous for translational TBI research. However, gaps in knowledge exist regarding their behavioral and sensory sequelae following injury.

Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor and mental health: A workshop report from the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation's Prioritizing Research in Mental Health working group.

Background: This report summarizes the 2023 inaugural annual meeting of the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation's Prioritizing Research in Mental Health (PRIME) working group. This workshop focused on mental health and elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI).

Methods: We reviewed existing literature and identified key gaps and study design considerations in preclinical work, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, mood/anxiety, quality of life/self-perception, neuropsychological symptoms, sleep, and symptom management.

Present and future of fecal microbiome transplantation in cirrhosis.

Over the last few decades, there have been tremendous advances in our understanding of the role of the gut microbiome in cirrhosis and the clinical sequelae that follow. Progressive dysbiosis and immune dysregulation occur in patients with cirrhosis. In fact, alterations in the gut microbiome occur long before a diagnosis of cirrhosis is made.

Alcohol-related liver and extrahepatic malignancies: burden of disease and socioeconomic disparities in 2019.

Background: Alcohol is linked to various cancers. While many studies have focused on developed countries, the burden of alcohol-related cancers in developing countries remains underexplored.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (2000-2019) to assess mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from alcohol-related cancers in low and low-to-middle sociodemographic index (SDI) countries.

Primary Health Care As a Common Good.

Growing commodification of health care has resulted in a system that is impersonal, fragmented, and inequitable. A potential antidote to this poisonous situation is to understand and treat primary health care as a common good. Common goods are resources supported as essential to the wellbeing of all.

Association of circulating ketone bodies with cognitive performance and dementia in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Introduction: Growing interest centers on the association between circulating ketone bodies (KB) and cognitive function, notably in aging and neurodegenerative diseases.

Methods: Associations of plasma KB with incident dementia and cognitive performances were examined among Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants. KB were measured using plasma samples collected following an overnight fasting at Exam 1 (2000-02) and detailed cognitive testing at Exam 5 (2010-2012,  = 4392), Exam 6 (2016-2018,  = 1838), and in MESA-MIND (2019-2021,  = 2060).

Latent Profiles of Drinking Motives Among Trauma-Exposed Combat Veterans and Civilians: A Comparative Investigation.

Trauma exposure and drinking motives (e.g., social, enhancement, coping) are both associated with increased alcohol use and related problems.