Transcatheter vs Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Medicare Beneficiaries with Aortic Stenosis and Coronary Artery Disease.

Background: As percutaneous therapeutic options expand, the optimal management of severe aortic stenosis (AS) and concomitant coronary artery disease (CAD) is being questioned between coronary artery bypass grafting and surgical aortic valve replacement (CABG+SAVR) versus percutaneous coronary intervention and transcatheter aortic valve replacement (PCI+TAVR). We sought to compare perioperative and longitudinal risk-adjusted outcomes between patients undergoing CABG+SAVR versus PCI+TAVR.

Methods: Using the United States Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services inpatient claims database, we evaluated all patient age 65 and older with AS and CAD undergoing CABG+SAVR or PCI+TAVR (2018-2022).

Consensus recommendations for measuring the impact of contraception on the menstrual cycle in contraceptive clinical trials.

Objective: We sought to develop consensus recommendations for measurement and analysis of data on contraceptive-induced menstrual changes (CIMCs) in contraceptive clinical trials. We built upon previous standardization efforts over the last 50 years and prioritized input from a variety of global experts and current regulatory authority guidance on patient-reported outcomes.

Study Design: We completed a formal consensus-building process with an interdisciplinary group of 57 experts from 30 organizations and 14 countries in five global regions who work across academia, nonprofit research organizations, the pharmaceutical industry, and funding agencies.

Brief Report: Preventing Infusion-related Reactions With Intravenous Amivantamab: Results From SKIPPirr, a Phase 2 Study.

Introduction: Amivantamab, an EGFR-MET bispecific antibody, is approved for multiple indications in EGFR-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as monotherapy or combined with other agents. Intravenous amivantamab is associated with a 67% infusion-related reactions (IRR) rate.

Methods: The phase 2 SKIPPirr study (NCT05663866) enrolled patients with EGFR-mutated (Ex19del/L858R) advanced NSCLC after progression on osimertinib and platinum-based chemotherapy who received intravenous amivantamab plus oral lazertinib (amivantamab-lazertinib), a third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor.

Future directions in the evaluation and management of newly diagnosed metastatic cancer.

There is a much debate regarding optimal selection in patients with metastatic cancer who should undergo local treatment (surgery or radiation treatment) to the primary tumor and/or metastases. Additionally, the optimal treatment of newly diagnosed metastatic cancer is largely unclear. Current prognostication systems to best inform these clinical scenarios are limited, as all metastatic patients are grouped together as having Stage IV disease without further incorporation of patient and disease-specific covariates that significantly impact patient outcomes.

Empowerment through knowledge: Qualitative perceptions of 'undetectable equals Untransmittable' among people living with HIV and tuberculosis in South Africa.

Introduction: Undetectable equals untransmittable (U=U) is an education campaign promoting science that people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who maintain an undetectable viral load cannot transmit HIV to others. Researchers theorize that undetectable equals untransmittable messaging will decrease HIV stigma by reducing fears of HIV transmission and providing evidence to dismantle discriminatory policies. However, little is known about how people with HIV in South Africa interpret the results of their viral load tests, undetectable equals untransmittable messaging, or its impact on stigma.

Caffeine, Daytime Sleepiness, and Conduct Problems Among Early Adolescents: A Longitudinal Analysis.

Purpose: Recent research suggests that caffeine use may promote a range of adjustment difficulties among adolescents, particularly during the middle school years. The effects of caffeine are particularly concerning given the increased use of high-dosage caffeine products, such as energy drinks, among youth. We investigated the influence of caffeine use on trajectories of conduct problems among early adolescents.

Real World Evidence From 2 Decades of First-Line TKI Therapy in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): Insights From ACHO's RENEHOC Registry.

Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treatment has significantly evolved with the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. However, access to these treatments and outcomes vary globally. This study examines 2 decades of CML management in Colombia using the RENEHOC registry, focusing on TKI efficacy, safety, and healthcare system challenges.

Implementation of An Advance Care Planning Intervention in Dialysis Clinics.

Rationale & Objective: Sharing Patient's Illness Representations to Increase Trust (SPIRIT) is an evidence-based advance care planning intervention targeting dialysis patients and their surrogate decision-makers. To address SPIRIT's implementation potential, we report on a process evaluation in our recently completed five-state cluster-randomized trial.

Study Design: A descriptive study of implementation within a randomized clinical trial.

A retrospective 'target trial emulation' comparing amiodarone and lidocaine for adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation.

Objective: The administration of amiodarone or lidocaine is recommended during the resuscitation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients presenting with defibrillation-refractory or recurrent ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia. Our objective was to use 'target trial emulation' methodology to compare the outcomes of patients who received amiodarone or lidocaine during resuscitation.

Methods: Adult, non-traumatic OHCA patients in the ESO Data Collaborative 2018-2023 datasets who experienced OHCA prior to EMS arrival, presented with a shockable rhythm, and received amiodarone or lidocaine during resuscitation were evaluated for inclusion.

Mechanisms of dual modulatory effects of spermine on the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex.

The mitochondrial Ca uniporter is the Ca channel responsible for mitochondrial Ca uptake. It plays crucial physiological roles in regulating oxidative phosphorylation, intracellular Ca signaling, and cell death. The uniporter contains the pore-forming MCU subunit, the auxiliary EMRE protein, and the regulatory MICU1 subunit, which blocks the MCU pore under resting cellular Ca concentrations.

The Definition and Diagnostic Criteria for Flexion Instability after Total Knee Arthroplasty is Highly Variable in the Published Literature.

Introduction: Flexion instability (FI) is increasingly being recognized as a common reason for failure after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, the diagnosis remains loosely defined and is often described by a constellation of symptoms and findings with the exclusion of other clinical entities. The purpose of this study was to examine the definition and diagnostic criteria of FI used in the current peer-reviewed literature.

Estimating Total-Tract Digestibility of Nutrients and Their Contribution to Digestible Energy Supplies in Equine Diets.

Our objectives were to use a quantitative literature review to explore dietary and feed factors influencing apparent total-tract digestibility of dry matter (DMD), crude protein (CPD), neutral detergent fiber (NDFD), ether extract (EED), non-structural carbohydrates (NSCD), non-fiber carbohydrates (NFCD), and residual organic matter (rOMD) in equine diets, and to assess their contributions to digestible energy (DE) supplies. Data from 54 studies were modeled using linear mixed-effect regressions, with publication as a random effect to account for study variability. For each nutrient, five models were derived with explanatory variables including: dry matter intake (DMI; % BW/day) and DM (% as-fed), and dietary components (CP, organic matter, EE, NDF, acid detergent fiber, NSC, starch, and NFC as % of DM), and feed types (forage, non-forage fiber, legumes, cereal, and oil proportions).

Oyster reef recovery: Impacts of rotational management and restoration efforts on public fishing grounds.

Coastal ecosystems are degraded worldwide and oyster reefs are among the most threatened coastal habitats. Oysters are a critical ecosystem engineer and valuable fishery species, thus effective management strategies must balance tradeoffs between protecting reef ecosystems and continued human use. Management practices for oysters commonly incorporate shell replenishment (provisioning hard substrates to increase reef relief) and spatial management (rotational harvest areas or sanctuaries); however, the impact of these practices on reef dynamics and fisheries outcomes are poorly understood, particularly on harvested reefs.

Nitrosyl factors play a vital role in the ventilatory depressant effects of fentanyl in freely moving guinea pigs.

An understanding of intracellular mechanisms by which fentanyl and other synthetic opioids exert adverse effects on breathing is needed. Using freely moving adult male guinea pigs, we administered the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, L-NAME (N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester), to determine whether nitrosyl factors, such as nitric oxide and S-nitrosothiols, play a role in fentanyl-induced respiratory depression. Ventilatory parameters were recorded by whole body plethysmography to determine the effects of fentanyl (75 μg/kg, IV) in guinea pigs that had received a prior injection of vehicle (saline), L-NAME or the inactive D-isomer, D-NAME (both at 50 μmol/kg, IV), 15 min beforehand.

Decreases in TBT concentrations in southern Chesapeake Bay: Evidence for long-term TBT degradation and reduced imposex in the invasive gastropod, Rapana venosa.

This study assessed effectiveness of regulations reducing environmental butyltin concentrations in Southern Chesapeake Bay over the 1999-2021 period. Water column monitoring of the Elizabeth River from 1999 to 2006 demonstrated decreasing TBT from 2003 to 2006 (average >1 ng/L at most stations) to <1 ng L by 2019 but with higher concentrations of degradation products DBT and MBT. TBT degrades to DBT and MBT within sediments, and releases degradation products over time.

When bipartite graph learning meets anomaly detection in attributed networks: Understand abnormalities from each attribute.

Detecting anomalies in attributed networks has become a subject of interest in both academia and industry due to its wide spectrum of applications. Although most existing methods achieve desirable performance by the merit of various graph neural networks, the way they bundle node-affiliated multidimensional attributes into a whole for embedding calculation hinders their ability to model and analyze anomalies at the fine-grained feature level. To characterize anomalies from each feature dimension, we propose Eagle, a deep framework based on bipartitE grAph learninG for anomaLy dEtection.

Modification of Liposomal Properties by an Engineered Gemini Surfactant.

Lipid membranes form the primary structure of cell membranes and serve as configurable interfaces across numerous applications including biosensing technologies, antifungal treatments, and therapeutic platforms. Therefore, the modification of lipid membranes by additives has important consequences in both biological processes and practical applications. In this study, we investigated a nicotinic-acid-based gemini surfactant (NAGS) as a chemically tunable molecular additive for modulating the structure and phase behavior of liposomal membranes.

Toluene-2,5-Diamine Sulfate: Allergen of the Year 2025.

Toluene-2,5-diamine sulfate (PTDS), also known as toluene diamine sulfate or 2,5-diaminotoluene sulfate, is an aromatic amine that can be used as a paraphenylenediamine (PPD) hair dye alternative. Patients may develop contact allergy to PTDS, and it is often omitted from standard patch test screening series, possibly leading to underdiagnosis. The American Contact Dermatitis Society named PTDS the Allergen of the Year for 2025, aiming to raise awareness of its dual role as both an allergen and an alternative for some PPD-allergic individuals.

An Iterative Design Method for Advancing Air Traffic Control and Management Training Through Immersive VFR 3D Map Visualization.

OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONSInnovative tools that align with modern learners' preferences are essential for training in safety-critical professions like Air Traffic Control/Management. This study evaluated a Virtual Reality Visual Flight Rules 3D Map Visualization Tool designed to meet the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) modernization goals. The tool immerses trainee in contextually accurate environments, enhancing engagement and self-paced learning.

Bayesian Borrowing With Multiple Heterogeneous Historical Studies Using Order Restricted Normalized Power Prior.

The recent U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidance on complex innovative trial designs acknowledges the use of Bayesian strategies to incorporate historical information based on clinical expertise and data similarity.

Targeting EBV Episome for Anti-Cancer Therapy: Emerging Strategies and Challenges.

As a ubiquitous human pathogen, the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has established lifelong persistent infection in about 95% of the adult population. The EBV infection is associated with approximately 200,000 human cancer cases and 140,000 deaths per year. The presence of EBV in tumor cells provides a unique advantage in targeting the viral genome (also known as episome), to develop anti-cancer therapeutics.