Refinement of a Published Gene-Physical Activity Interaction Impacting HDL-Cholesterol: Role of Sex and Lipoprotein Subfractions.

Large-scale gene-environment interaction (GxE) discovery efforts often involve analytical compromises for the sake of data harmonization and statistical power. Refinement of exposures, covariates, outcomes, and population subsets may be helpful to establish often-elusive replication and evaluate potential clinical utility. Here, we used additional datasets, an expanded set of statistical models, and interrogation of lipoprotein metabolism via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based lipoprotein subfractions to refine a previously discovered GxE modifying the relationship between physical activity (PA) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C).

Interaction of the Gut-Liver-Brain Axis and the sterolbiome with sexual dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis.

There is a complex interplay between the gut microbes, liver, and central nervous system, a gut-liver-brain axis, where the brain impacts intestinal and hepatic function while the gut and liver can impact cognition and mental status. Dysregulation of this axis can be seen in numerous diseases. Hepatic encephalopathy, a consequence of cirrhosis, is perhaps the best studied perturbation of this system.

A noninvasive urinary microRNA-based assay for the detection of pancreatic cancer from early to late stages: a case control study.

Background: Pancreatic cancer is highly aggressive and has a low survival rate primarily due to late-stage diagnosis and the lack of effective early detection methods. We introduce here a novel, noninvasive urinary extracellular vesicle miRNA-based assay for the detection of pancreatic cancer from early to late stages.

Methods: From September 2019 to July 2023, Urine samples were collected from patients with pancreatic cancer (n = 153) from five distinct sites (Hokuto Hospital, Kawasaki Medical School Hospital, National Cancer Center Hospital, Kagoshima University Hospital, and Kumagaya General Hospital) and non-cancer participants (n = 309) from two separate sites (Hokuto Hospital and Omiya City Clinic).

The relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) < 42% is independently associated with hemorrhagic transformation in anterior circulation large vessel occlusion.

Background: Pretreatment CT perfusion (CTP) marker relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) < 42% lesion volume has recently shown to predict poor collateral status and poor 90-day functional outcome. However, there is a paucity of studies assessing its association with hemorrhagic transformation (HT). Here, we aim to assess the relationship between rCBV < 42% lesion volume with HT.

Multiple genotypes of Phelipanche ramosa indicate repeated introduction to the Americas.

Premise: Phelipanche ramosa is an economically damaging parasitic plant that has been reported in North America since the late 1800s. While this species comprises a variety of genetically distinct host races in its native range, the genetic composition of adventive populations in the New World remains unexplored. On the basis of morphological and ecological variation, some have suggested that the closely related P.

Buprenorphine and postpartum contraception utilization among people with opioid use disorder: a multi-state analysis.

Background: The postpartum period provides an opportunity for birthing people with opioid use disorder (OUD) to consider their future reproductive health goals. However, the relationship between the use of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and contraception utilization is not well understood. We used multistate administrative claims data to compare contraception utilization rates among postpartum people with OUD initiating buprenorphine (BUP) versus no medication (psychosocial services receipt without MOUD (PSY)) in the United States (US).

Epidemiological trends in gastrointestinal cancers and risk factors across U.S. states from 2000 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021.

Introduction: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers account for over a quarter of all cancer-related deaths in the United States; however, the latest trends in their prevalence remain unclear.

Methods: Data on GI cancers were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) were estimated across various states, sexes, ages, and risk factors, and annual percentage changes were calculated.

Disparities in treatment delays among metastatic breast cancer patients: insights from nationwide electronic health records, 2011-2022.

Purpose: While previous research has highlighted treatment delay inequities in early-stage breast cancer and identified potential contributing factors, there is limited research on disparities in treatment delays for metastatic breast cancer (MBC). This study investigates these disparities in MBC treatment initiation, aiming to identify key factors crucial for improving timely access to care.

Method: Nationwide Flatiron Health electronic health records-derived deidentified database, including females aged 18+ diagnosed with either De novo or relapsed MBC in the U.

Umbrella review of social inequality in digital interventions targeting dietary and physical activity behaviors.

Digital interventions are increasingly utilized as a lever to promote population health, yet not everyone may equally benefit from them. This umbrella review pooled the insights from available systematic and scoping reviews regarding potential social inequalities in digital intervention uptake, engagement and effectiveness, focusing on the promotion of weight-related behaviors (diet, physical activity, sedentary behavior) and weight loss (maintenance) in adults. Six databases were searched from 1970 to October 2023.

Improving the evaluation of non-accidental trauma across multiple specialties at a single institution.

Background: Based on the presenting injury, patients undergoing abuse evaluation may be managed by different specialties. Our local child abuse specialist expressed concern over the variability in evaluation of patients presenting with injuries concerning for non-accidental trauma (NAT). The aim of this quality improvement project was to increase the percentage of patients for whom there is a concern for NAT who receive a guideline-adherent evaluation from 7.

Future of Artificial Intelligence (AI) - Machine Learning (ML) Trends in Pathology and Medicine.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are transforming the field of medicine. Healthcare organizations are now starting to establish management strategies for integrating such platforms (AI-ML toolsets) which leverage the computational power of advanced algorithms to analyze data and to provide better insights which ultimately translates to enhanced clinical decision-making and improved patient outcomes. Emerging AI-ML platforms and trends in pathology and medicine are reshaping the field by offering innovative solutions to enhance diagnostic accuracy, operational workflows, clinical decision support, and clinical outcomes.

Modifications to the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index Predicts Complications after Total Joint Arthroplasty.

Background: Preoperative malnutrition is a known risk factor for postoperative complications following total joint arthroplasty (TJA), however, there is scant literature comparing which nutritional index is best at predicting these outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of the Maastricht Index (MI), Onodera's Prognostic Index (OPNI), the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), and a novel, modified Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (mGNRI) in predicting periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), wound complications (WC), readmission, and reoperation rates after TJA.

Methods: A single-center, retrospective cohort study was performed of patients who underwent primary TJA from January 2016 to December 2021.

Pegylated solid lipid nanoparticles for the intranasal delivery of combination antiretroviral therapy composed of Atazanavir and Elvitegravir to treat NeuroAIDS.

Intranasal drug administration offers a promising strategy for delivering combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) directly to the central nervous system to treat NeuroAIDS, leveraging the nose-to-brain route to bypass the blood-brain barrier. However, challenges such as enzymatic degradation in the nasal mucosa, low permeability, and mucociliary clearance within the nasal cavity must first be addressed to make this route feasible. To overcome these barriers, this study developed solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) with varying PEGylation levels (0 %, 5 %, 10 %, and 15 % w/w of PEGylated lipid), co-encapsulated with Elvitegravir (EVG) and Atazanavir (ATZ) as an integrase and protease inhibitor, respectively.

Spectral heat flux redistribution upon interfacial transmission.

In nonmetallic crystals, heat is transported by phonons of different frequencies, each contributing differently to the overall heat flux spectrum. In this study, we demonstrate a significant redistribution of heat flux among phonon frequencies when phonons transmit across the interface between dissimilar solids. This redistribution arises from the natural tendency of phononic heat to re-establish the bulk distribution characteristic of the material through which it propagates.

Sternum drop as a kinematic measure of trip recovery performance.

Deficient trip recovery kinematics have been implicated in many trip-induced falls. Three key requisites for successful trip recovery include limiting trunk flexion, maintaining adequate hip height to enable repeated stepping, and completing recovery steps to extend the base of support. The purpose of this study was to evaluate sternum drop as a new measure of trip recovery performance.

Evaluation of Generative Artificial Intelligence Models in Predicting Pediatric Emergency Severity Index Levels.

Objective: Evaluate the accuracy and reliability of various generative artificial intelligence (AI) models (ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4.0, T5, Llama-2, Mistral-Large, and Claude-3 Opus) in predicting Emergency Severity Index (ESI) levels for pediatric emergency department patients and assess the impact of medically oriented fine-tuning.

A Systematic Literature Review on School-Based Speech-Language Pathology Collaboration Research.

Purpose: School-based teams are called to be collaborative in order to appropriately and effectively serve students. Speech-language pathologists play crucial roles on school-based teams. This systematic review sought to synthesize existing empirical evidence on collaborative perceptions and experiences in research that included school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs).

Highly Stereo- and Enantioselective Syntheses of δ-Alkyl-Substituted ()-Homoallylic Alcohols.

Highly stereo- and enantioselective synthesis of δ-alkyl-substituted ()-homoallylic alcohols via asymmetric allylation is developed. In the presence of a chiral phosphoric acid catalyst, allylation of aldehydes with α-substituted allylboronates provides δ-alkyl-substituted homoallylic alcohols with excellent ()-selectivities and enantioselectivities.

A qualitative analysis of PA leaders in Kentucky.

Objective: To describe Kentucky's physician associate/assistant (PA) leadership pathway and provide advice for individual leadership trajectories.

Methods: A qualitative study using semistructured interviews and inductive coding methodology to identify themes of PA leaders.

Results: Participants were primarily female (76.

Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Copper(I) Proazaphosphatrane Complexes.

Copper(I) complexes of isobutyl- () and isopropyl-substituted () proazaphosphatranes have been synthesized. Structural and computational studies of a series of monomeric complexes CuX (X = Cl, Br, I) and dimeric [CuCl] provide insight into the transannulation within and steric properties of the proazaphosphatrane ligand. These halide complexes are competent precatalysts in a model borylation reaction, and the silylamido complex CuN(TMS) catalyzes hydrosilylation of benzaldehyde under mild conditions.

Virtual Reality Training to Reduce Workplace Violence in Healthcare.

Violence against nurses and other healthcare workers is a significant and escalating concern, impeding the provision of safe and effective healthcare services. A majority of nurses experience some kind of violence, including physical and nonphysical assaults during their careers. The consequences of workplace violence extend beyond individual trauma, leading to increased burnout, turnover, and significant financial costs for healthcare systems.

EUS-Guided Gastroenterostomy for Benign Gastric Outlet Obstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is a clinical manifestation of mechanical obstruction at the antropyloric region or proximal small bowel. The goal of endoscopic management is to relieve the obstruction so patients can resume per oral intake. Most studies have focused on malignant causes of GOO; yet only a handful have explored outcomes related to benign etiologies.

Impact of COVID-19 Diagnosis on Weight Trajectories of Children in the US National COVID Cohort Collaborative.

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the obesity epidemic, with both adults and children demonstrating rapid weight gain during the pandemic. However, the impact of having a COVID-19 diagnosis on this trend is not known. Using longitudinal data from January 2019 to June 2023 collected by the US National Institute for Health's National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C), children (age 2-18 years) with positive COVID-19 test results { = 11,474, 53% male, mean [standard deviation (SD)] age 5.