Water intake, hydration status and 2-year changes in cognitive performance: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Water intake and hydration status have been suggested to impact cognition; however, longitudinal evidence is limited and often inconsistent. This study aimed to longitudinally assess the association between hydration status and water intake based on current recommendations, with changes in cognition in an older Spanish population at high cardiovascular disease risk.

Methods: A prospective analysis was conducted of a cohort of 1957 adults (aged 55-75) with overweight/obesity (BMI between ≥ 27 and < 40 kg/m) and metabolic syndrome from the PREDIMED-Plus study.

Is bioethical training useful in preparing doctors to take decisions in the emergency room?

We study the decisions taken in five real cases by 178 doctors working in hospital emergency services and compare their decisions with those proposed a reference group composed of professionals with a master's degree in bioethics. The findings of our study point to an increased ability to take difficult decisions in critical situations involving the use of life-support measures in the emergency room. The group of professionals chosen as "gold standard", despite lacking the training and clinical preparation of emergency doctors, made decisions that were technically very close to the most suitable.