Atypical Course of the Habenulo-Interpeduncular Tract in Chick Embryos.

Classical studies of the avian diencephalon hardly mention the habenulo-interpeduncular tract (a.k.a.

Can CT or MRI volumetry substitute scintigraphy in living kidney donor evaluation? A systematic review.

Background: Current potential living kidney donor's assessment includes functional and anatomical evaluation. Scintigraphy is recommended in some cases and some centers include this test in the donor's protocol. Recent studies advocate for the avoidance of this test as CT or MRI volumetry showed to accurately assess donor's renal function.

Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the O'Sullivan test and gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosis in pregnant Spanish women.

Objective: To analyze the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on serum glucose levels of pregnant women.

Design: A retrospective analysis of O'Sullivan test in pregnant women who underwent COVID-19 lockdown compared to controls. SITE: Poniente Primary Health Care center in Córdoba (Spain).

GHSR in a Subset of GABA Neurons Controls Food Deprivation-Induced Hyperphagia in Male Mice.

The growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), primarily known as the receptor for the hunger hormone ghrelin, potently controls food intake, yet the specific Ghsr-expressing cells mediating the orexigenic effects of this receptor remain incompletely characterized. Since Ghsr is expressed in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing neurons, we sought to investigate whether the selective expression of Ghsr in a subset of GABA neurons is sufficient to mediate GHSR's effects on feeding. First, we crossed mice that express a tamoxifen-dependent Cre recombinase in the subset of GABA neurons that express glutamic acid decarboxylase 2 (Gad2) enzyme (Gad2-CreER mice) with reporter mice, and found that ghrelin mainly targets a subset of Gad2-expressing neurons located in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARH) and that is predominantly segregated from Agouti-related protein (AgRP)-expressing neurons.

Women Are Also Disadvantaged in Accessing Transplant Outside the United States: Analysis of the Spanish Liver Transplantation Registry.

Sex inequities in liver transplantation (LT) have been documented in several, mostly US-based, studies. Our aim was to describe sex-related differences in access to LT in a system with short waiting times. All adult patients registered in the RETH-Spanish Liver Transplant Registry (2000-2022) for LT were included.

A systematic review of kidney transplantation outcomes in patients with end-stage renal disease due to childhood lower urinary tract malformations.

Purpose: Patients with lower urinary tract malformations (LUTM) were suspended from kidney transplantation (KT) programs in the past due to various concerns. Consequently, only a limited number of studies have explored this topic at hand. In this study, our objective was to perform a systematic review (SR) to evaluate the current evidence regarding KT outcomes as well as patient survival (PS), postoperative complications and urinary tract infections (UTI) in individuals with childhood LUTM.

Hemadsorption to Contain Postoperative Cell-Free Hemoglobin and Haptoglobin Preservation for Extended Cardiopulmonary Bypass Time in Cardiac Surgery for Acute Kidney Injuries Prevention.

Introduction: Prevention of acute kidney injury during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is still a challenge and has been the object of numerous studies. The incidence of acute kidney injury in the context of CPB is related to a multifactorial etiology. The role of hemadsorption in relation to cell-free hemoglobin and haptoglobin preservation is not well defined in the literature on CPB during cardiac surgery procedures.

European Achondroplasia Forum Practical Considerations for Following Adults with Achondroplasia.

Achondroplasia is a lifelong condition requiring lifelong management. There is consensus that infants and children with achondroplasia should be managed by a multidisciplinary team experienced in the condition. However, many people are lost to follow-up after the transition from paediatric to adult care, and there is no standardised approach for management in adults, despite the recent availability of international consensus guidelines.

Prediction models for postoperative renal function after living donor nephrectomy: a systematic review.

Introduction: Living-donor nephrectomy (LDN) is the most valuable source of organs for kidney transplantation worldwide. The current preoperative evaluation of a potential living donor candidate does not take into account formal estimation of postoperative renal function decline after surgery using validated prediction models. The aim of this study was to summarize the available models to predict the mid- to long-term renal function following LDN, aiming to support both clinicians and patients during the decision-making process.

Triglyceride to HDL Cholesterol Ratio for the Identification of MASLD in Obesity: A Liver Biopsy-Based Case-Control Study.

Associations between dyslipidemia and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) have been reported. Previous studies have shown that the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio may be a surrogate marker of MASLD, assessed by liver ultrasound. However, no studies have evaluated the utility of this ratio according to biopsy-proven MASLD and its stages.

Human Adapted Prosomeric Model: A Future for Brainstem Tumor Classification.

This study reevaluates the conventional understanding of midbrain anatomy and neuroanatomical nomenclature in the context of recent genetic and anatomical discoveries. The authors assert that the midbrain should be viewed as an integral part of the forebrain due to shared genetic determinants and evolutionary lineage. The isthmo-mesencephalic boundary is recognized as a significant organizer for both the caudal midbrain and the isthmo-cerebellar area.

Optimizing cryopreservation conditions for use of fucosylated human mesenchymal stromal cells in anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory therapeutics.

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are being increasingly used in cell-based therapies due to their broad anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Intravascularly-administered MSCs do not efficiently migrate to sites of inflammation/immunopathology, but this shortfall has been overcome by cell surface enzymatic fucosylation to engender expression of the potent E-selectin ligand HCELL. In applications of cell-based therapies, cryopreservation enables stability in both storage and transport of the produced cells from the manufacturing facility to the point of care.

Janus kinase inhibitors and tumour necrosis factor inhibitors show a favourable safety profile and similar persistence in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and spondyloarthritis: real-world data from the BIOBADASER registry.

Objectives: To compare the safety of Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) with that of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) and determine drug persistence among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA).

Methods: We analysed data from patients included in BIOBADASER 3.0 and treated with JAKi or TNFi from 2015 to 2023 and estimated the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of adverse events and persistence.

RNA expression changes driven by altered epigenetics status related to NASH etiology.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing health problem due to the increased obesity rates, among other factors. In its more severe stage (NASH), inflammation, hepatocellular ballooning and fibrosis are present in the liver, which can further evolve to total liver dysfunction or even hepatocarcinoma. As a metabolic disease, is associated to environmental factors such as diet and lifestyle conditions, which in turn can influence the epigenetic landscape of the cells, affecting to the gene expression profile and chromatin organization.

The role of PCSK9 in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and its impact on bariatric surgery outcomes.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is closely tied to obesity. The degree ranges from steatosis (MASL) and steatohepatitis (MASH) to liver cirrhosis. PCSK9 controls cholesterol and lipid particle transport to the liver.

Tumor microenvironment in thyroid cancer: Immune cells, patterns, and novel treatments.

The tumor immune microenvironment of thyroid cancer is the heterogeneous histological space in which tumor cells coexist with host cells. Published data from this review were identified by search and selection database of Pubmed, Elsevier, and Science Direct. Searching was made in two steps using different keywords.

Multimodal prehabilitation program in patients with resectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: keypoints for an implementation protocol and literature review.

Background: Postoperative complications after perihilar cholangiocarcinoma surgical procedure are still very high. The implementation of a multimodal prehabilitation program could improve these outcomes. Based on our experience and that of the literature in hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery, we propose a protocol to promote its implementation.

Standardizing Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy in Ovarian Cancer Treatment: Navigating Complexities and Charting the Path Forward.

The incorporation of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) into the treatment landscape for ovarian cancer has invoked a spectrum of emotions, ranging from enthusiastic anticipation to cautious skepticism [...