Detection of respiratory frequency rhythm in human alpha phase shifts: topographic distributions in wake and drowsy states.

Introduction: The relationship between brain activity and respiration is recently attracting increasing attention, despite being studied for a long time. Respiratory modulation was evidenced in both single-cell activity and field potentials. Among EEG and intracranial measurements, the effect of respiration was prevailingly studied on amplitude/power in all frequency bands.

Mobile Health for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Patients' Preferences and Perception of Patient-Centeredness.

Background: The increasingly fast development of mobile health technologies holds significant value for individuals dealing with mental health conditions. However, inadequate consideration of patients' preferences and expectations undermines real-world outcomes, including sustained adherence. Driven by the belief that specific characteristics, such as youth and higher education, of individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder make them suitable for digital adoption, we investigated mHealth-related desirability factors within this patient group.

"Actor-critic" dichotomous hyperactivation and hypoconnectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Dysfunctional response inhibition, mediated by the striatum and its connections, is thought to underly the clinical manifestations of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the exact neural mechanisms remain controversial. In this study, we undertook a novel approach by positing that a) inhibition is a dynamic construct inherently susceptible to numerous failures, which require error-processing, and b) the actor-critic framework of reinforcement learning can integrate neural patterns of inhibition and error-processing in OCD with their behavioural correlates.

Central dopamine receptors: Radiotracers unveiling the Role of dopaminergic tone in obesity.

Brain dopamine type 2 and 3 receptors (D2/3R) have been postulated to play a role in obesity. However, results from molecular neuroimaging studies exploring these receptors in obesity are not consensual. These inconsistencies may be due to the distinct characteristics of radiotracers that confound the interpretation of D2/3R assessment.

SSVEP modulation via non-volitional neurofeedback: anproof of concept.

Neuronal oscillatory patterns are believed to underpin multiple cognitive mechanisms. Accordingly, compromised oscillatory dynamics were shown to be associated with neuropsychiatric conditions. Therefore, the possibility of modulating, or controlling, oscillatory components of brain activity as a therapeutic approach has emerged.

Exploring Immersive Multimodal Virtual Reality Training, Affective States, and Ecological Validity in Healthy Firefighters: Quasi-Experimental Study.

Background: Firefighters face stressful life-threatening events requiring fast decision-making. To better prepare for those situations, training is paramount, but errors in real-life training can be harmful. Virtual reality (VR) simulations provide the desired realism while enabling practice in a secure and controlled environment.

The Impact of High-Dose Fish Oil Supplementation on Mfsd2a, Aqp4, and Amyloid-β Expression in Retinal Blood Vessels of 5xFAD Alzheimer's Mouse Model.

In patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in animal models, the increased accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) in retinal blood vessels strongly correlates with brain amyloid deposits and cognitive decline. The accumulation of Aβ in blood vessels may result from impaired transcytosis and a dysfunctional ocular glymphatic system in AD. High-dose fish oil (FO) supplementation has been shown to significantly change the expression of major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein 2a (Mfsd2a), a key regulator of transcytosis, and Aquaporin 4 (Aqp4), an essential component of the glymphatic system in the retinas of WT mice.

Mapping functional traces of opioid memories in the rat brain.

Addiction to psychoactive substances is a maladaptive learned behaviour. Contexts surrounding drug use integrate this aberrant mnemonic process and hold strong relapse-triggering ability. Here, we asked where context and salience might be concurrently represented in the brain during retrieval of drug-context paired associations.

ENPP1 induces blood-brain barrier dysfunction and promotes brain metastasis formation in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer.

Background: Brain metastasis (BrM) is a devastating end-stage neurological complication that occurs in up to 50% of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer (BC) patients. Understanding how disseminating tumor cells manage to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential for developing effective preventive strategies. We identified the ecto-nucleotidase ENPP1 (ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1) as specifically enriched in the secretome of HER2+ brain metastatic cells, prompting us to explore its impact on BBB dysfunction and BrM formation.

Biomimetic synthesis of nanoparticles: A comprehensive review on green synthesis of nanoparticles with a focus on Prosopis farcta plant extracts and biomedical applications.

The synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) using environmentally friendly methods has garnered significant attention in response to concerns about the environmental impact of various nanomaterial manufacturing techniques. To address this issue, natural resources like extracts from plants, fungi, and bacteria are employed as a green alternative for nanoparticle synthesis. Plant extracts, which contain active components such as terpenoids, alkaloids, phenols, tannins, and vitamins, operate as coating and reducing agents.

Brief report: caregivers' well-being in families with neurodevelopmental disorders members during COVID-19: implications for family therapy.

Neurodevelopmental disorders affect the lifespan of diagnosed individuals and their families. COVID-19 challenged these families with daily routine unpredictability requiring rapid adaptations. Moreover, associations and schools were closed, leaving these families without regular social support.

Frontal and occipital brain glutathione levels are unchanged in autistic adults.

Background: The neurobiological underpinnings of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are diverse and likely multifactorial. One possible mechanism is increased oxidative stress leading to altered neurodevelopment and brain function. However, this hypothesis has mostly been tested in post-mortem studies.

Condensed tannins from Pinus radiata bark: Extraction and their nanoparticles preparation in water by green method.

This work reports for the first time the production of condensed tannin nanoparticles stable in water via modification with glycine betaine. Pine bark, as a byproduct from the paper industry, was used as a source of condensed tannins of high molecular weight. Different glycine betaine concentrations were tested to produce condensed tannin nanoparticles, and the obtained nanoparticles were subjected to several characterization techniques (Dynamic Light Scattering, Field emission scanning electron microscopy, Zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-Attenuated total reflectance, thermogravimetric analysis).

Increased susceptibility to kainate-induced seizures in a mouse model of tuberous sclerosis complex: Importance of sex and circadian cycle.

Objective: Comorbidity of epilepsy and autism in tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) is very frequent, but the link between these conditions is still poorly understood. To study neurological problems related to autism, the scientific community has been using an animal model of TSC2, Tsc2 mice. However, it is still unknown whether this model has the propensity to exhibit increased seizure susceptibility.

Pericytes: Unsung heroes in myelin repair after neonatal brain hypoxia.

Preterm infants can face lasting neurodevelopmental challenges due to hypoxia-induced injury of the cerebral white matter. In this issue of Neuron, Ren et al. identify microvascular pericytes as unexpected targets for growth hormone signaling, which enhances angiogenesis and remyelination after hypoxic injury in the developing mouse brain.

Enhancing hydrological insight: isotopic methods revealing groundwater-surface water interactions in the Lower Quang Tri River Group, Vietnam.

The Lower Quang Tri River Group, situated in central Vietnam, faces a myriad of challenges, notably the decline in groundwater levels and the salinisation of both groundwater and surface water, significantly impacting water availability for domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes. To address these pressing concerns, this study adopts a comprehensive methodology integrating hydrogeological measurements, isotopic techniques, and chemical analyses of various water sources, including local precipitation, surface water bodies, reservoirs, and groundwater samples. Utilising the deuterium and oxygen-18 signatures (H and O) in water molecules as environmental tracers for the assessment of base flow and water sources enables a nuanced understanding of the intricate interaction between surface water and groundwater.

Neural underpinnings of ethical decisions in life and death dilemmas in naïve and expert firefighters.

When a single choice impacts on life outcomes, faculties to make ethical judgments come into play. Here we studied decisions in a real-life setting involving life-and-death outcomes that affect others and the decision-maker as well. We chose a genuine situation where prior training and expertise play a role: firefighting in life-threatening situations.

Corrigendum: Normative mice retinal thickness: 16-month longitudinal characterization of wild-type mice and changes in a model of Alzheimer's disease.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.

Corrigendum: Assessing MR-compatibility of somatosensory stimulation devices: a systematic review on testing methodologies.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.

Brain metastasis: An insight into novel molecular targets for theranostic approaches.

Brain metastases (BrM) are common malignant lesions in the central nervous system, and pose a significant threat in advanced-stage malignancies due to delayed diagnosis and limited therapeutic options. Their distinct genomic profiles underscore the need for molecular profiling to tailor effective treatments. Recent advances in cancer biology have uncovered molecular drivers underlying tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis.

Improved Chemical and Radiochemical Synthesis of Neuropeptide Y Y Receptor Antagonist -Methyl-JNJ-31020028 and Preclinical Positron Emission Tomography Studies.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most abundant peptides in the central nervous system of mammals and is involved in several physiological processes through NPY Y, Y, Y and Y receptors. Of those, the Y receptor has particular relevance for its autoreceptor role in inhibiting the release of NPY and other neurotransmitters and for its involvement in relevant mechanisms such as feeding behaviour, cognitive processes, emotion regulation, circadian rhythms and disorders such as epilepsy and cancer. PET imaging of the Y receptor can provide a valuable platform to understand this receptor's functional role and evaluate its potential as a therapeutic target.

Artificial Intelligence-Derived Risk Prediction: A Novel Risk Calculator Using Office and Ambulatory Blood Pressure.

Background: Quantification of total cardiovascular risk is essential for individualizing hypertension treatment. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel, machine-learning-derived model to predict cardiovascular mortality risk using office blood pressure (OBP) and ambulatory blood pressure (ABP).

Methods: The performance of the novel risk score was compared with existing risk scores, and the possibility of predicting ABP phenotypes utilizing clinical variables was assessed.

On the quantitative analysis of lamellar collagen arrangement with second-harmonic generation imaging.

Second harmonic generation (SHG) allows for the examination of collagen structure in collagenous tissues. Collagen is a fibrous protein found in abundance in the human body, present in bones, cartilage, the skin, and the cornea, among other areas, providing structure, support, and strength. Its structural arrangement is deeply intertwined with its function.