The interaction between liver cirrhosis, infection by Streptococcus bovis, and colon cancer.

Whether cirrhotic patients with Streptococcus bovis bacteremia have an increased risk of colorectal neoplasm is uncertain. A multicentric retrospective cohort study was conducted investigating associations between S. bovis biotype and species, cirrhosis, and colorectal neoplasm.

Evolution of Surgical Management of Hemorrhoidal Disease: An Historical Overview.

Hemorrhoidal disease (HD) is the symptomatic enlargement and/or distal displacement of the normal hemorrhoidal cushions and is one of the most frequent diseases in colorectal surgery. Several surgical or office-based therapies are currently available, with the aim of being a more tailored approach. This article aimed to elucidate the historical evolution of surgical therapy for HD from ancient times, highlighting the crucial steps, controversies, and pioneers in the field.

Dysregulation of the Immune System in HIV/HCV-Coinfected Patients According to Liver Stiffness Status.

Background: Advanced cirrhosis is related to alterations in immunity. We aimed to evaluate the levels of peripheral CD4⁺ T cells (Tregs) and plasma cytokine in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus (HIV/HCV) according to liver fibrosis stages [evaluated as liver stiffness measure (LSM)] and their linear relationship.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study on 238 HIV/HCV-coinfected patients (119 had <12.

Chemotherapy management for unfit patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Administration of chemotherapy in prostate cancer depends on patient fitness. In unfit patients, physiological impairment determines the optimum treatment. Although no consensus on assessing patient fitness currently exists, this article proposes an algorithm combining the available information for administering chemotherapy, and in particular docetaxel, in unfit patients.

Clinical management of epidermal growth factor receptor mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer patients after progression on previous epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors: the necessity of repeated molecular analysis.

One of the most important advances in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been the identification of molecular alterations vulnerable to targeted inhibition, such as mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor () gene. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are targeted agents used to treat mutation-positive advanced NSCLC showing significant improvements in terms of response rate (RR) and progression-free survival (PFS) compared to conventional chemotherapy. However, all patients eventually develop resistance to first-line EGFR-TKIs.

Presacral venous bleeding during mobilization in rectal cancer.

Aim: To analyze the anatomy of sacral venous plexus flow, the causes of injuries and the methods for controlling presacral hemorrhage during surgery for rectal cancer.

Methods: A review of the databases MEDLINE and Embase™ was conducted, and relevant scientific articles published between January 1960 and June 2016 were examined. The anatomy of the sacrum and its venous plexus, as well as the factors that influence bleeding, the causes of this complication, and its surgical management were defined.

Evaluation of two commercial nucleic acid amplification kits for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in saliva samples.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two commercial nucleic acid amplification techniques to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis in saliva.

Subjects And Methods: Fifty-two participants were recruited, 32 patients with a clinical and microbiological diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and 20 healthy volunteers as controls. Three sputum samples were collected from each participant and were examined by direct bacilloscopy, cultured in liquid and solid media, and processed using the Mycobacterium tuberculosis direct (MTD) test for rRNA detection.

Ultrasound-guided transcervical evacuation of interstitial twin pregnancy.

Objective: To report the transcervical and transisthmic evacuation of a dichorionic interstitial twin pregnancy guided by ultrasound.

Design: Case study.

Setting: Fetal medicine unit of university hospital.

Response of the foetal pupil to vibro-acoustic stimulation: a foetal attention test.

Background: The iris regulates the intensity of light that stimulates the retina. The pupils dilate also in response to mental activities as sign of attention. We hypothesized that the response of the foetal pupil to vibro-acoustic stimulation (VAS) reflects foetal attention.

The immunoglobulin heavy chain locus in the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus).

Immunoglobulins loci in mammals are well known to be organized within a translocon, however their origin remains unresolved. Four of the five classes of immunoglobulins described in humans and rodents (immunoglobulins M, G, E and A-IgM, IgG, IgE and IgA) were found in marsupials and monotremes (immunoglobulin D-IgD was not found) thus showing that the genomic structure of antibodies in mammals has remained constant since its origin. We have recently described the genomic organization of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus in reptiles (IGHM, IGHD and IGHY).

Interleukin-2 for the treatment of solid tumors other than melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a lymphokine produced by T cells whose main function is to stimulate the growth and cytotoxic response of activated T lymphocytes. It has been used to stimulate the immune system for the treatment of multiples tumors. This article is intended to review the reports published from 1990 to 2004 on the IL-2 treatment of tumors other than melanoma and renal carcinoma.