Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes Prevention and Management Among Indigenous Children and Youth: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Indigenous populations experience a disproportionately higher burden of early onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To contribute towards addressing this health disparity, evidence-based culturally appropriate interventions are urgently needed. This systematic review examines interventions designed to improve the prevention and management of T2DM among Indigenous children and youth.

Analysis of junctional beats during slow pathway ablation: Illuminating the mechanism of typical and atypical AV nodal re-entrant tachycardia.

Background: Junctional rhythm (JR) frequently occurs during radiofrequency (RF) ablation procedures targeting the slow pathway (SP) for atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT), signaling successful ablation. Two types of JR have been noticed: typical JR as His activation preceding atrial activation, and atypical JR as atrial activation preceding the His activation. Nevertheless, the origin and characteristics of JR remain incompletely defined.

Extremophilic Microorganisms as a Source of Emerging Enzymes for the Food Industry: A Review.

Modern-day consumers are interested in highly nutritious and safe foods with corresponding organoleptic qualities. Such foods are increasingly subjected to various processing techniques which include the use of enzymes. These enzymes like amylases, lipases, proteases, xylanases, laccases, pullulanase, chitinases, pectinases, esterases, isomerases, and dehydrogenases could be derived from extremophilic organisms such as thermophiles, psychrophiles, acidophiles, alkaliphiles, and halophiles.

The Complete Chloroplast Genome of L. (Papilionoideae, Fabaceae).

L. 1754, a thorny deciduous tree of Fabaceae, contains various chemical compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and triterpenoids and exhibits anti-depressant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities. However, genomic data of are limited.

Asian Pacific Society of Cardiology Position Statement on the Use of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in the Management of Aortic Stenosis.

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been established as an effective treatment modality in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and the uptake of TAVI is rapidly growing in the Asia-Pacific region. However, there exist a heterogeneity in the management of aortic stenosis and the use of TAVI among countries in the region. Reasons for these differences include anatomic variations, disparity in healthcare resources and infrastructure, and the lack of consensus on the optimal management of AS in the Asia-Pacific region.

A novel polymer composite from polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride for high performance triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs).

In this study, we report the successful fabrication of a novel antibacterial triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) using a polymer composite film based on polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMG). The composite materials, with optimised ingredient ratios, consist of PHMG, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glutaraldehyde (GA) as a crosslinking agent (PHMG-GA-PVA). Utilising 3D printing, these composite materials were directly deposited on the conductive substrates and used as positive TENG electrodes.

The complete plastid genome of DC. 1813 (Rutaceae) and its phylogenetic analysis.

The complete plastome size of DC. 1813 was 159,893 bp in length and has a typical quadripartite structure. The 87,148-bp-long large single-copy and the 18,763-bp-long small single-copy regions were separated by a pair of inverted repeats (each 26,991 bp).

Overweight, obesity, and cardiovascular disease in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: the EAS FH Studies Collaboration registry.

Background And Aims: Overweight and obesity are modifiable risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in the general population, but their prevalence in individuals with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and whether they confer additional risk of ASCVD independent of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) remains unclear.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 35 540 patients with HeFH across 50 countries, in the EAS FH Studies Collaboration registry. Prevalence of World Health Organization-defined body mass index categories was investigated in adults (n = 29 265) and children/adolescents (n = 6275); and their association with prevalent ASCVD.

Asian Thoracic Oncology Research Group expert consensus statement on the peri-operative management of non-small cell lung cancer.

The peri-operative management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in earlier stage disease has seen significant advances in recent years with the incorporation of immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapy. However, many unanswered questions and challenges remain, including the application of clinical trial data to routine clinical practice. Recognising the unique demographic profile of Asian patients with NSCLC and heterogeneous healthcare systems, the Asian Thoracic Oncology Research Group (ATORG) convened a consensus meeting in Singapore on 26 April 2024 to discuss relevant issues spanning diagnostic testing to post-neoadjuvant treatment considerations and future directions.

Possible role of autophagy in microbial volatile pollutant-induced starch degradation and expression of hypoxia responsive genes.

Autophagy is thought to be critically involved in the regulation of nutrient metabolism and gene expression. Nevertheless, little is known about its role in regulating starch metabolism and hypoxia responsive genes in plants exposed to microbial volatile pollutants. In the present study, we found that exposure of Arabidopsis to Enterobacter aerogene (E.

Exploring cigarette butts pollution in Vung Tau beaches: A case study in Vietnam.

Cigarette butts (CBs), alongside other plastic items, are widely recognized as a significant source of marine litter in coastal areas worldwide. This research is the first to examine CB pollution, offering valuable insights into its impact across various beaches in Vung Tau, Vietnam. A total of 512 CBs were collected, with an average density of 0.

Body image research among sexual minority men in the Mekong region: A scoping review.

Body image among sexual minority men (SMM) has received increasing attention. However, the current literature has primarily focused on white SMM and body image and physical appearance concerns among SMM. In response to a call for more nuance in understanding how SMM perceive and make sense of their body image in a broader sociocultural context, we conducted a scoping review to examine the extent and nature of body image research among SMM in the Mekong region.

Association between underlying health conditions and long COVID among non-hospitalized and hospitalized individuals as modified by health literacy: A multi-center study.

Objectives: We investigated the effect modification of health literacy (HL) in ameliorating the negative impact of underlying health conditions (UHC) on long COVID among non-hospitalized and hospitalized survivors.

Study Design: An online cross-sectional study was conducted in Vietnam from December 2021 to October 2022.

Methods: A sample of 4507 participants recruited from 18 hospitals and health centers were those aged 18 or older, had contracted COVID-19 for at least 28 days, and were not in the acute phase of reinfection.

Association of smartphone and internet addiction with mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Excessive use of smartphones and the Internet can lead to addiction and may increase the risk of developing mental disorders, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized the existing literature reporting the impact of smartphone and Internet addiction on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A systematic search was performed on two databases, PubMed and EMBASE, following the PRISMA guidelines to identify articles conducted from December 2019 when the COVID-19 pandemic began to emerge.

Partial Attention in Global Context and Local Interaction for Addressing Noisy Labels and Weighted Redundancies on Medical Images.

Recently, the application of deep neural networks to detect anomalies on medical images has been facing the appearance of noisy labels, including overlapping objects and similar classes. Therefore, this study aims to address this challenge by proposing a unique attention module that can assist deep neural networks in focusing on important object features in noisy medical image conditions. This module integrates global context modeling to create long-range dependencies and local interactions to enable channel attention ability by using 1D convolution that not only performs well with noisy labels but also consumes significantly less resources without any dimensionality reduction.

Portrait of a Cerebral Killer.

: Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) caused by is a rare and devastating infection of the central nervous system, often diagnosed late, due to its rapid progression and nonspecific symptoms. We report one of the youngest documented pediatric Vietnamese cases of PAM in a 10-month-old girl from the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. The diagnosis was confirmed through multiplex real-time PCR (MPL-rPCR), microscopy, and sequencing.

Photoconductive Dynamics of Photorefractive Poly((4-Diphenylamino)benzyl Acrylate)-Based Composites Sensitized by Perylene Bisimide.

The transient dynamics of photocurrents for poly((4-diphenylamino)benzyl acrylate) (PDAA)-based photorefractive (PR) polymers sensitized with perylene bisimide derivative N,N'-diisopropylphenyl-1,6,7,12-tetrachloroperylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxyl bisimide (PBI) at various composition ratios were studied. The PR polymer included (4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)methanol (TPAOH) photoconductive plasticizer and (4-(azepan-1-yl)-benzylidene) malononitrile nonlinear optical dye as well, which are needed for inducing PR effects. All the photocurrents measured at 640 nm were well simulated by a two-trapping site model considering photocarrier generation and recombination processes of the charge transfer (CT) complex between PBI and PDAA.

Utilizing Crushed Recycled Marble Stone Powder as a Sustainable Filler in SBS-Modified Asphalt Containing Recycled Tire Rubber.

The increasing demand for sustainable construction materials has driven the exploration of alternative fillers in asphalt production. Traditional asphalt mixtures rely heavily on natural aggregates and petroleum-based binders, contributing to environmental degradation. This study proposes an innovative solution by utilizing Crushed Recycled Marble Stone Powder (CRMSP) as a sustainable filler in SBS polymer-modified asphalt containing high volumes of recycled tire rubber, addressing both resource depletion and waste management concerns.

Conjugation of Triterpenic Acids with 3-Aminoquinuclidine Moiety: An Approach to Acetylcholinesterase Mixed or Uncompetitive Type Inhibitors.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant public health issue. Despite the fact that today there are several methods of maintenance therapy, one of the most widely used methods is designed to correct the deficiency of acetylcholine. In the search for new potential inhibitors of cholinesterase enzymes, eight new derivatives of 3-oxo- or 2,3-indolo-triterpenic acid conjugated with amino-quinuclidine bicyclic cores were designed and synthesized.

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Gyrovirus Galga 1 in Chickens in Northern Vietnam Reveals Evidence of Recombination.

In total, 126 tissue-pooled samples were collected from suspected sick chickens showing signs of stunted growth, weakness, and diarrhea in five provinces/cities in Northern Vietnam. The Gyrovirus gala 1 (GyVg1) genome was detected in 26 (20.63%) of the 126 chicken samples based on a polymerase chain reaction assay.

The burden of headache disorders among medical students in Vietnam: estimates from a cross-sectional study with a health-care needs assessment.

Background: In our previous study, we demonstrated that headaches are highly prevalent among medical students in Vietnam. In the present study, we provide estimates of the associated symptom burden and impaired participation, utilizing these estimates to assess headache-related healthcare needs within this population.

Methods: The study followed the standardized methodology established by the Global Campaign against Headache.

Demonstration of adapted packed-bed bioreactor for accurate and rapid estimation of biochemical oxygen demand: insights into the influence of microbial community structure and functions.

This study demonstrated a novel approach to accurately estimate 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in textile wastewater using a microbial consortium from food processing wastewater fixed on coconut fibers. Although glucose-glutamic acid (GGA) has been widely known as the most preferred substrates for microbial respiration, its calibration surprisingly resulted in an overestimation of BOD in textile wastewater due to its lower utilization rate compared to that of textile wastewater. After being adapted with a new nutrient environment composed of GGA and textile wastewater, the adapted packed-bed bioreactors (PBBRs) was capable of accurate estimation of BOD in textile wastewater using GGA standard solution.

In vitro Biological Evaluation and In silico Studies of a New Anthraquinone from Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. in Type 2 Diabetes Management.

A novel diphenyl-anthraquinone compound, cassuquinone A, was isolated from the rhizomes of Zingiber cassumunar. Structural elucidation was accomplished using detailed NMR and HRMS-ESI  techniques, revealing a symmetrical anthraquinone core with methoxylated aromatic rings. Cassuquinone A exhibited potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ of 11.