Infants' Social Evaluation of Helpers and Hinderers: A Large-Scale, Multi-Lab, Coordinated Replication Study.

Evaluating whether someone's behavior is praiseworthy or blameworthy is a fundamental human trait. A seminal study by Hamlin and colleagues in 2007 suggested that the ability to form social evaluations based on third-party interactions emerges within the first year of life: infants preferred a character who helped, over hindered, another who tried but failed to climb a hill. This sparked a new line of inquiry into the origins of social evaluations; however, replication attempts have yielded mixed results.

Computational Evidence for Bisartan Arginine Blockers as Next-Generation Pan-Antiviral Therapeutics Targeting SARS-CoV-2, Influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Viruses.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are significant global health threats. The need for low-cost, easily synthesized oral drugs for rapid deployment during outbreaks is crucial. Broad-spectrum therapeutics, or pan-antivirals, are designed to target multiple viral pathogens simultaneously by focusing on shared molecular features, such as common metal cofactors or conserved residues in viral catalytic domains.

Correction: Al Dhaheri et al. The Effect of Therapeutic Doses of Culinary Spices in Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial. 2024, , 1685.

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Carnosine Supplementation Has No Effect on Inflammatory Markers in Adults with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Background/objectives: In vitro studies suggest that carnosine reduces inflammation by upregulating anti-inflammatory mediators and downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, human clinical trials examining the effects of carnosine on inflammatory biomarkers are scant. We conducted a secondary analysis of a double-blind randomised controlled trial (RCT) to examine the effects of carnosine supplementation on inflammatory markers and adipokines in participants with prediabetes or well-controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Anchor-Based and Distributional Responsiveness of the Spanish Version of the Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia Scale in Older People with Dementia: A Longitudinal Study.

Background/objectives: Patients with dementia present with feeding difficulties (FDs) since diagnosis, conditioning their progression. Early identification is vital for preventing deterioration due to nutritional problems. The Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia Scale (EdFED) identifies the FDs of patients with dementia by studying their behaviours while eating or being fed.

Weight Loss After Sleeve Gastrectomy According to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Stage in Patients with Obesity: A Liver Biopsy-Based Prospective Study.

Background: The role of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in sleeve gastrectomy (SG)-related outcomes remains uncertain. In this study, we aimed to assess the influence of preoperative biopsy-proven MASLD and its stages on weight loss after SG.

Methods: One hundred sixty-three patients with obesity undergoing SG with concomitant intraoperative liver biopsy were followed up for 1 year.

Ergogenic Effect of Nitrate Supplementation in Clinical Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Inorganic nitrate (NO) supplementation, via its conversion to nitric oxide (NO), has been purported to be ergogenic in healthy individuals. Many disease states are characterized by reduced NO bioavailability and are expected to derive a benefit from NO. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the current literature on the ergogenic effect of NO supplementation in individuals with cardiopulmonary and metabolic diseases (CPMD).

A clinician's guide to performing a case series study.

Whilst some guidance exists, the literature is relatively scarce on designing and reporting on case series studies for non-surgical techniques/interventions or interventions that may be considered outside the medical model. This commentary presents a set of thirteen design attributes and an adapted checklist for consideration by clinicians when considering a case series design focused on a non-surgical intervention.

Conductive-Polymer-Based Double-Network Hydrogels for Wearable Supercapacitors.

In the field of contemporary epidermal bioelectronics, there is a demand for energy supplies that are safe, lightweight, flexible and robust. In this work, double-network polymer hydrogels were synthesized by polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) into a poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate) (PVA/PEGDA) double-network hydrogel matrix. The PEDOT-PVA/PEGDA double-network hydrogel shows both excellent mechanical and electrochemical performance, having a strain up to 498%, electrical conductivity as high as 5 S m and specific capacitance of 84.

Delineation of cross-domain associations between everyday executive function and adaptive behaviour in Down syndrome and Williams syndrome.

In genetic syndromes such as Down syndrome (DS) and Williams syndrome (WS), difficulties with executive functioning (EF) are a commonly reported feature and a key correlate of long-term success in everyday life. Despite a robust literature in children with these syndromes, it remains unclear how cross-syndrome characteristics of everyday EF relate to adaptive functioning and intelligence among adults with DS and WS, and if these relationships differ between these groups. This study aimed to characterise the profile of strengths and weaknesses in everyday EF using the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Informant Version (BRIEF-A) in older adolescents and young adults with DS and WS.

Probabilistic ecological risk assessment for deep-sea mining: A Bayesian network for Chatham Rise, Pacific Ocean.

Increasing interest in seabed resource use in the ocean is introducing new pressures on deep-sea environments, the ecological impacts of which need to be evaluated carefully. The complexity of these ecosystems and the lack of comprehensive data pose significant challenges to predicting potential impacts. In this study, we demonstrate the use of Bayesian networks (BNs) as a modeling framework to address these challenges and enhance the development of robust quantitative predictions concerning the effects of human activities on deep-seafloor ecosystems.

Practitioners' Needs for Addressing the Challenges of Sea-Level Rise-A Qualitative Assessment.

Practitioners at the local and regional scale are under increased pressure to reduce risks to people and property posed by the threats of sea-level rise (SLR) and associated impacts. To achieve this, a dialog between practitioners and scientists is imperative. Current research documents impacts of SLR, evaluates local SLR adaptation activities, identifies barriers to action, and works to assess local adaptive capacity.

In silico identification of Histone Deacetylase inhibitors using Streamlined Masked Transformer-based Pretrained features.

Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that regulate gene expression by removing acetyl groups from histones. They are involved in various diseases, including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and metabolic disorders, as well as fibrosis in the liver, lungs, and kidneys. Successfully identifying potent HDAC inhibitors may offer a promising approach to treating these diseases.

Frustrated Lewis Pairs from Al-E Bonds (E=Ge, Sn, Pb).

The potassium aluminyl K[Al(NON)] ([NON]=[O(SiMeNDipp)], Dipp=2,6-iPrCH) reacts with group 14 chloroamidinates E(Am)Cl (E=Ge, Sn, Pb. [Am]=[tBuC(NDipp)]) to form (NON)Al-E(Am) Lewis pairs with unsupported Al-E bonds, including the first structurally authenticated Al-Pb bond. Analysis using spectroscopic (NMR, UV-vis and Mössbauer for E=Sn), X-ray diffraction and computational (DFT, QTAIM, TD-DFT) methods conclude an Al-E σ-bond derived from a Lewis basic Al and a Lewis acidic tetrylene, with back-donation from the E s-orbital lone pair donor NBO to acceptor NBOs on Al that are derived from s/p-orbitals.

Lifting the Veil of Darkness: Thermal Technology Facilitates Collection of Flight-Initiation Distances by Night.

Flight-Initiation Distance (FID)-a direct measure of an individual animal's escape response-is a widely used method to study escape ecology in fauna. The technique has primarily been applied to bird species that are active by day. Indexing the escape behaviour of nocturnal species has been limited due to the need for light to detect and observe animals which confounds behavioural responses.

Shallow defects and optical properties of CsPbBrthin films through noble gas ion beam defect engineering.

Ion implantation is widely utilised for the modification of inorganic semiconductors; however, the technique has not been extensively applied to lead halide perovskites. In this report, we demonstrate the modification of the optical properties of caesium lead bromide (CsPbBr) thin films via noble gas ion implantation. We observed that the photoluminescence (PL) lifetimes of CsPbBrthin films can be doubled by low fluences (<1 × 10at·cm) of ion implantation with an acceleration voltage of 20 keV.

The role of the dopamine D1 receptor in anticipatory pleasure and social play.

Social play is a highly rewarding activity seen across mammalian species that is vital for neurobehavioural development. Dysfunctions in social play are seen across psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders positing the importance of understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying social play. A multitude of neurotransmitter systems have been implicated in social play, with the present study focused on the role of dopamine, specifically the dopamine D1 receptor.

Microbial communities associated with marine sponges from diverse geographic locations harbor biosynthetic novelty.

Marine sponges are a prolific source of biologically active small molecules, many of which originate from sponge-associated bacteria. Identifying the producing bacteria is a key step in developing sustainable routes for the production of these metabolites. To facilitate the required computational analyses, we developed MetaSing, a reproducible singularity-based pipeline for assembly, identification of high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), and analysis of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) from metagenomic short-read data.