Modulating the thermal and structural stability of gallenene variation of atomistic thickness.

Using molecular dynamics, we show that a recently discovered form of 2D Ga-gallenene-exhibits highly variable thickness dependent properties. Here, 2D Ga of four, five and six atomic layers thick are found to be thermally stable to 457 K, 350 K and 433 K, respectively; all well above that of bulk Ga. Analysis of the liquid structure of 2D Ga shows a thickness dependent ordering both parallel and perpendicular to the Ga/vacuum interface.

Evaluation of anti α-d-Glc-(1→4)-α-d-Glc (GAGA4) IgM antibodies as a biomarker for multiple sclerosis.

The correct diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains challenging due to the complex pathophysiological and clinical characteristics of the disease. Consequently, there has been immense interest in finding a non-invasive diagnostic test for MS. Recent studies found that serum anti-α-d-Glc-(1→4)-α-d-Glc (GAGA4) IgM antibodies were upregulated in MS patients, and this finding led to the development of a commercial diagnostic test (gMS® Dx test), although the test has poor selectivity and has not been independently validated.