Scalable purification of extracellular vesicles with high yield and purity using multimodal flowthrough chromatography.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell derived membranous nanoparticles. EVs are important mediators of cell-cell communication via the transfer of bioactive content and as such they are being investigated for disease diagnostics as biomarkers and for potential therapeutic cargo delivery to recipient cells. However, existing methods for isolating EVs from biological samples suffer from challenges related to co-isolation of unwanted materials such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipoproteins.

The protective role of carnosine against type 2 diabetes-induced cognitive impairment.

The morbidity and mortality associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have grown exponentially over the last 30 years. Together with its associated complications, the mortality rates have increased. One important complication in those living with T2DM is the acceleration of age-related cognitive decline.

Mapping the scientific knowledge and approaches to defining and measuring hate crime, hate speech, and hate incidents: A systematic review.

Background: The difficulties in defining hate crime, hate incidents and hate speech, and in finding a common conceptual basis constitute a key barrier toward operationalisation in research, policy and programming. Definitions disagree about issues such as the identities that should be protected, the types of behaviours that should be referred to as hateful, and how the 'hate element' should be assessed. The lack of solid conceptual foundations is reflected in the absence of sound data.

Mixed treatment for same-severe mixed urinary incontinence: A novel method.

Key Clinical Message: Innovative mixed treatment offers hope for persistent mixed urinary incontinence (MUI): PRP-Fibrin Glue-Stem Cell injection, Botox, and TVT in a single session. Successful case study reveals promising outcomes, emphasizing the need for further research.

Abstract: Mixed urinary incontinence is a complaint of stress and urge incontinence which affects patients' quality of life and dramatic changes in patients' physical, mental, and socioeconomic status.

Extent of κ-casein hydrolysis during renneting of bovine milk: A critical assessment of the analytical and estimation approaches.

Renneting is an enzymatic process that turns milk into curd which is then transformed into cheese. Rennet-induced coagulation of caseins (CNs) is the critical step during this process and the key is the primary hydrolysis of κ-CN's Phe-Met bond by chymosin. This article comprehensively reviews the existing data on the extent/degree of κ-CN hydrolysis during renneting of bovine milk and critically evaluates its determination methods.

Comparing complex perspectives on obesity drivers: action-driven communities and evidence-oriented experts.

Introduction: The Foresight obesity map represents an expert-developed systems map describing the complex drivers of obesity. Recently, community-led causal loop diagrams have been developed to support community-based obesity prevention interventions. This paper presents a quantitative comparison between the Foresight obesity systems map and a community-developed map of the drivers of obesity.