Persistent Primitive Hypoglossal Artery (PPHA) - A Rare Anomaly with Literature Review.

Persistent primitive hypoglossal artery (PPHA) is a rare embryonic carotid vertebrobasilar artery anastomosis. Hypoglossal artery arises from the internal carotid artery (ICA) between the C1 and C2 vertebral levels and traverses through the hypoglossal canal to join the vertebro-basilar system. We present a rare case of an anomalous right sided PPHA as a sole supply to posterior circulation of brain with absent/hypoplastic bilateral vertebral arteries in a two year child who had presented with acute left sided haemiplegia.

Comparison of hippocampal volume in dementia subtypes.

Aims. To examine the relationship between different types of dementia and hippocampal volume. Methods.