A pilot study on the use of the super dimension navigation system for optimal cryobiopsy location in interstitial lung disease diagnostics.

Background: Transbronchial cryobiopsies has become increasingly important in the diagnostic workup for interstitial lung diseases. The rate of complications and mortality are low compared to surgical lung biopsies, but the diagnostic yield is not as high. The reason for the lower diagnostic yield could in some cases be explained by biopsies taken too centrally or in less affected areas.

Choice of dialysis modality among patients initiating dialysis: results of the Peridialysis study.

Background: In patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), home dialysis offers socio-economic and health benefits compared with in-centre dialysis but is generally underutilized. We hypothesized that the pre-dialysis course and institutional factors affect the choice of dialysis modality after dialysis initiation (DI).

Methods: The Peridialysis study is a multinational, multicentre prospective observational study assessing the causes and timing of DI and consequences of suboptimal DI.

Targeted temperature management in adult cardiac arrest: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on targeted temperature management in adult cardiac arrest patients.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched on June 17, 2021 for clinical trials. The population included adult patients with cardiac arrest.

SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy in Denmark-characteristics and outcomes after confirmed infection in pregnancy: A nationwide, prospective, population-based cohort study.

Introduction: Assessing the risk factors for and consequences of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during pregnancy is essential to guide clinical care. Previous studies on SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy have been among hospitalized patients, which may have exaggerated risk estimates of severe outcomes because all cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pregnant population were not included. The objectives of this study were to identify risk factors for and outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy independent of severity of infection in a universally tested population, and to identify risk factors for and outcomes after severe infection requiring hospital admission.

Pulmonary embolism after discharge for COVID-19: A report of two cases.

Previous studies have found critically ill patients with COVID-19 to have an increased risk of thromboembolic complications. In this case report of two patients admitted with symptomatic COVID-19, both patients developed pulmonary embolism within a few days after hospital discharge. Both patients received thromboprophylaxis and had an increasing fibrin D-dimer during their hospital stay.

Effect of pelvic laparoscopic implantation of neuroprosthesis in spinal cord injured subjects: a 1-year prospective randomized controlled study.

Study Design: 1-year prospective RCT.

Objective: Examine the effect of implantable pulse generator and low-frequency stimulation of the pelvic nerves using laparoscopic implantation of neuroprosthesis (LION) compared with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in SCI.

Methods: Inclusion criteria: traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), age 18-55 years, neurological level-of-injury Th4-L1, time-since-injury >1 year, and AIS-grades A-B.

Technetium-99m-MAG3 and technetium-99m-DTPA: Renal clearance measured by the constant infusion technique - Old news?

Background: Accurate, precise and straightforward methods for measuring glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and/or renal plasma flow (RPF) are still in demand today. The time-consuming constant infusion technique (CIT) is the gold standard and preferred for research, whereas the simple, but less precise, single injection technique (SIT) is used in clinical settings. This study investigated the use of Tc-DTPA and Tc-MAG by CIT as a measure of renal function.

Waking Up in Pain: a prospective unselected cohort study of pain in 3702 patients immediately after surgery in the Danish Realm.

Background: Acute and persistent pain after surgery is well described. However, no large-scale studies on immediate postoperative pain in the operating room (OR) exist, hindering potential areas of research to improve clinical outcomes. Thus, we aimed to describe the occurrence and severity of immediate postoperative pain in a large, unselected cohort.

Hepatic blood volume is decreased in patients with cirrhosis and does not decrease further after a meal like in healthy persons.

Background & Aims: The aim was to measure fractional hepatic blood volume (HBV) and hepatic blood flow (HBF) before and after a meal in patients with cirrhosis ( = 7) and healthy persons ( = 6).

Methods: Catheters were placed in a radial artery and a hepatic vein for blood sampling and a peripheral vein for indocyanine green (ICG) infusion. A 6-min positron emission tomography (PET) liver scan was performed after inhalation of 1000 MBq O-CO and repeated after ingestion of a standard meal.

Bystander performance using the 2010 vs 2015 ERC guidelines: A post-hoc analysis of two randomised simulation trials.

Background: The European Resuscitation Council (ERC) basic life support (BLS) 2015 guidelines were simplified compared to the 2010 guidelines. We aimed to compare BLS/automated external defibrillator (AED) skill performance and skill retention following training with the 2010 or 2015 BLS/AED guidelines.

Methods: Post-hoc analysis of two randomised simulation trials including videorecordings of laypersons skill-tested after ERC BLS/AED training using either the 2010 ( = 70) or 2015 ( = 70) BLS guidelines.

Vasopressin and methylprednisolone for in-hospital cardiac arrest - Protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Objective: To describe the clinical trial "Vasopressin and Methylprednisolone for In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest" (VAM-IHCA).

Methods: The VAM-IHCA trial is an investigator-initiated, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group, double-blind, superiority trial of vasopressin and methylprednisolone during adult in-hospital cardiac arrest. The study drugs consist of 40 mg methylprednisolone and 20 IU of vasopressin given as soon as possible after the first dose of adrenaline.

Age and sex differences in outcomes after in-hospital cardiac arrest.

Introduction: While specific factors have been associated with outcomes after in-hospital cardiac arrest, the association between sex and outcomes remains debated. Moreover, age-specific sex differences in outcomes have not been fully characterized in this population.

Methods: Adult patients (≥18 years) with an index in-hospital cardiac arrest were included from the Danish In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Registry (DANARREST) from January 1st, 2017 to December 31st, 2018.

Anabolic effects of oral leucine-rich protein with and without β-hydroxybutyrate on muscle protein metabolism in a novel clinical model of systemic inflammation-a randomized crossover trial.

Background: β-lactoglobulin (BLG) stimulates muscle protein synthesis and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) inhibits muscle breakdown. Whether combining the 2 can additively attenuate disease-induced muscle loss is unknown.

Objective: Based on previous observations of anticatabolic effects of protein and ketone bodies during inflammation, and using a novel model combining ongoing systemic inflammation, fasting, and immobilization, we tested whether the anticatabolic muscle response to oral amino acids is altered compared with control conditions, as well as whether coadministration of oral BHB and BLG further improves the muscle anabolic response.

Stage I lung cancer patients with or without symptoms - are the patients different and should we treat them differently?

Introduction: A large proportion of stage I cancers are found incidentally, which appears to be a prognostic factor. We investigated stage I lung cancers according to whether, or not, there had been clinical suspicion of lung cancer prior to referral and to see, if we could detect any difference regarding patient characteristics, work-up and mortality for incidental vs non-incidental findings as well as for asymptomatic vs symptomatic patients.

Methods: Medical records and referral documents for 177 patients diagnosed with stage I lung cancer were reviewed and divided based on whether the initial CT scan leading to diagnosis had been made due to suspicion of lung cancer or not.

Barriers and facilitators for in-hospital resuscitation: A prospective clinical study.

Introduction: Guideline deviations with impact on patient outcomes frequently occur during in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). However, barriers and facilitators for preventing these guideline deviations are understudied. We aimed to characterize challenges occurring during IHCA and identify barriers and facilitators perceived by actual team members immediately following IHCA events.

Efficacy of the TMPRSS2 inhibitor camostat mesilate in patients hospitalized with Covid-19-a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Background: The trans-membrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) is essential for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cell entry and infection. Efficacy and safety of TMPRSS2 inhibitors in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) have not been evaluated in randomized trials.

Methods: We conducted an investigator-initiated, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter trial in patients hospitalized with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from April 4, to December 31, 2020.

Acute ketosis inhibits appetite and decreases plasma concentrations of acyl ghrelin in healthy young men.

Aim: To investigate the acute effect of ketone ester (KE) ingestion on appetite and plasma concentrations of acyl ghrelin (AG), unacylated ghrelin (UAG) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion, and to compare responses with those elicited by isocaloric glucose (GLU) administration.

Methods: We examined 10 healthy young men on three separate occasions using a placebo (PBO)-controlled crossover design. A KE versus taste-matched isovolumetric and isocaloric 50% GLU and taste-matched isovolumetric PBO vehicle was orally administered.

Suboptimal dialysis initiation is associated with comorbidities and uraemia progression rate but not with estimated glomerular filtration rate.

Background: Despite early referral of uraemic patients to nephrological care, suboptimal dialysis initiation (SDI) remains a common problem associated with increased morbimortality. We hypothesized that SDI is related to pre-dialysis care.

Methods: In the 'Peridialysis' study, time and reasons for dialysis initiation (DI), clinical and biochemical data and centre characteristics were registered during the pre- and peri-dialytic period for 1583 end-stage kidney disease patients starting dialysis over a 3-year period at 15 nephrology departments in the Nordic and Baltic countries to identify factors associated with SDI.