Transduction profiles in minipig following MRI guided delivery of AAV-5 into thalamic and corona radiata areas.

Background: As a step towards clinical use of AAV-mediated gene therapy, brains of large animals are used to settle delivery parameters as most brain connections, and relative sizes in large animals and primates, are reasonably common. Prior to application in the clinic, approaches that have shown to be successful in rodent models are tested in larger animal species, such as dogs, non-human primates, and in this case, minipigs.

New Method: We evaluated alternate delivery routes to target the basal ganglia by injections into the more superficial corona radiata, and, deeper into the brain, the thalamus.

Widespread and sustained target engagement in Huntington's disease minipigs upon intrastriatal microRNA-based gene therapy.

Huntingtin (HTT)-lowering therapies hold promise to slow down neurodegeneration in Huntington's disease (HD). Here, we assessed the translatability and long-term durability of recombinant adeno-associated viral vector serotype 5 expressing a microRNA targeting human (rAAV5-miHTT) administered by magnetic resonance imaging-guided convention-enhanced delivery in transgenic HD minipigs. rAAV5-miHTT (1.

The Main DNA Viruses Significantly Affecting Pig Livestock.

Swine DNA viruses have developed unique mechanisms for evasion of the host immune system, infection and DNA replication, and finally, construction and release of new viral particles. This article reviews four classes of DNA viruses affecting swine: porcine circoviruses, African swine fever virus, porcine parvoviruses, and pseudorabies virus. Porcine circoviruses belonging to the family are small single-stranded DNA viruses causing different diseases in swine including poly-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome, and porcine respiratory disease complex.

A Deadly Cargo: Gene Repertoire of Cytotoxic Effector Proteins in the .

Cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells can kill target cells based on their expression and release of perforin, granulysin, and granzymes. Genes encoding these molecules have been only poorly annotated in camelids. Based on bioinformatic analyses of genomic resources, sequences corresponding to perforin, granulysin, and granzymes were identified in genomes of camelids and related ungulate species, and annotation of the corresponding genes was performed.

Multivariate analysis in the development of bioequivalent tablets containing bicalutamide.

The pharmaceutical industry has to tackle the explosion of high amounts of poorly soluble APIs. This phenomenon leads to numerous sophisticated solutions. These include the use of multifactorial data analysis identifying correlations between the components and dosage form properties, laboratory and production process parameters with respect to the API liberation Example of such API is bicalutamide.

Genetic diversity, evolution and selection in the major histocompatibility complex DRB and DQB loci in the family Equidae.

Background: The mammalian Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a genetic region containing highly polymorphic genes with immunological functions. MHC class I and class II genes encode antigen-presenting molecules expressed on the cell surface. The MHC class II sub-region contains genes expressed in antigen presenting cells.

Health Surveillance of Wild Brown Trout () in the Czech Republic Revealed a Coexistence of Proliferative Kidney Disease and Infection.

The population of brown trout () in continental Europe is on the decline, with infectious diseases confirmed as one of the causative factors. However, no data on the epizootiological situation of wild fish in the Czech Republic are currently available. In this study, brown trout (n = 260) from eight rivers were examined for the presence of viral and parasitical pathogens.

3D printing of multilayered orodispersible films with in-process drying.

The aim of this study was to prepare benzydamine hydrochloride loaded orodispersible films using modified semisolid extrusion 3D printing method. An innovative approach was developed where thin layer of drug loaded dispersion is printed and dried before printing of subsequent layers. Layer-by-layer drying as the in process step improves mechanical properties of films, uniformity of drug content and allows faster preparation of films in compounding settings due to shortening of drying time.

The Major Histocompatibility Complex of Old World Camels-A Synopsis.

This study brings new information on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III sub-region genes in Old World camels and integrates current knowledge of the MHC region into a comprehensive overview for Old World camels. Out of the MHC class III genes characterized, and the LY6 gene family showed high levels of conservation, characteristic for MHC class III loci in general. For comparison, an MHC class II gene , not coding for antigen presenting molecules but functionally related to MHC antigen presenting functions was studied.

Residue study of nitroimidazoles depletion in chicken feathers in comparison with some other selected matrixes.

This paper presents the results from a residue study conducted on a statistically representative number of chicken broilers that were individually orally treated with the selected nitroimidazoles (metronidazole, ornidazole and ipronidazole) in an appropriate amount close to the theoretical therapeutic dose. A mutual persistence comparison of the monitored analytes in feathers, serum, muscle and shanks was performed and attention was also paid to selected metabolites (hydroxymetronidazole and hydroxyipronidazole). An analytical LC/MS/MS method using SupelMIP SPE nitroimidazoles cartridges was developed for the determination of nitroimidazoles residues in poultry feathers, serum, muscle and shanks and the method was validated according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC.

The major histocompatibility complex of Old World camelids: Class I and class I-related genes.

The genomic structure of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) region and variation in selected MHC class I related genes in Old World camels, Camelus bactrianus and Camelus dromedaries were studied. The overall genomic organization of the camel MHC region follows a general pattern observed in other mammalian species and individual MHC loci appear to be well conserved. Selected MHC class I genes B-67 and BL3-7 exhibited unexpectedly low variability, even when compared to other camel MHC class I related genes MR1 and MICA.

Molecular-Level Control of Ciclopirox Olamine Release from Poly(ethylene oxide)-Based Mucoadhesive Buccal Films: Exploration of Structure-Property Relationships with Solid-State NMR.

Mucoadhesive buccal films (MBFs) provide an innovative way to facilitate the efficient site-specific delivery of active compounds while simultaneously separating the lesions from the environment of the oral cavity. The structural diversity of these complex multicomponent and mostly multiphase systems as well as an experimental strategy for their structural characterization at molecular scale with atomic resolution were demonstrated using MBFs of ciclopirox olamine (CPX) in a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) matrix as a case study. A detailed description of each component of the CPX/PEO films was followed by an analysis of the relationships between each component and the physicochemical properties of the MBFs.

The major histocompatibility complex in Old World camelids and low polymorphism of its class II genes.

Background: The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a genomic region containing genes with crucial roles in immune responses. MHC class I and class II genes encode antigen-presenting molecules expressed on the cell surface. To counteract the high variability of pathogens, the MHC evolved into a region of considerable heterogeneity in its organization, number and extent of polymorphism.

The common pathophysiology underlying the metabolic syndrome, schizophrenia and depression. A review.

Background: There is a growing interest in metabolic alterations in patients with psychiatric disorders due to their increased risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS) development. Inflammation is known to underlie the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and depression as well as MetS. Vulnerability factors for schizophrenia/depression and MetS hence appear to be shared.

Enterobacter cloacae with a novel variant of ACT AmpC beta-lactamase originating from glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus) in Svalbard.

We aimed at Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae isolates resistant to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones and Salmonella isolates in wild birds in Arctic Svalbard, Norway. Cloacal swabs of little auks (Alle alle, n=215) and samples of faeces of glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus, n=15) were examined. Inducible production of AmpC enzyme was detected in E.

Preliminary epitope mapping of Torque teno sus virus 1 and 2 putative capsid protein and serological detection of infection in pigs.

The aim of this work is to identify antigenic regions within the ORF1 protein of Torque teno sus virus 1 (TTSuV1) and Torque teno virus sus 2 (TTSuV2) that could be used as antigens to detect virus-specific antibodies following infection in pigs. Protein sequences of TTSuV ORF1 genes were analysed to predict linear antigenic epitopes. Synthesized peptides were analysed for serological reactivity with swine sera.

The effect of various forms of selenium supplied to pregnant goats on the levels of selenium in the body of their kids at the time of weaning.

The aim of this trial was to compare the effect of long-term supplementation of goats with different forms of selenium on body reserves of selenium in their kids at the time of weaning. Thirty-three pregnant goats were divided into five groups. Group C was control while the other four groups were supplemented with selenium (Se) for 6 weeks before parturition (0.

In vitro neutralization of equid herpesvirus 1 mediated by recombinant antibodies.

A phage antibody display library of single chain fragment variables (scFv) was applied to develop anti-equid herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) glycoprotein D (gD) neutralizing antibodies. To enrich for specific scFvs, the phage antibody library was panned against epitope derived from the N-terminal part of EHV-1 gD. Unique clones were differentiated by BstNI fingerprinting and further characterized by sequencing and immunoreactivity.

The selection of single-chain Fv antibody fragments specific to Bhlp 29.7 protein of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae.

Single-chain antibodies (scFv) specific to Brachyspira hyodysenteriae were isolated from a phagemid library. Recombinant Bhlp 29.7 protein was used for scFv selection and individual clones were tested by ELISA and immunofluorescent test; four unique clones were isolated.

The levels of PCV2 specific antibodies and viremia in pigs.

Porcine circovirus 2 quantification by real-time PCR and determination of virus specific antibodies using a peptide based ELISA test was performed on a total of 400 serum samples. Samples for antibody measurement and virus quantification were obtained from a conventional pig farm with a clinical form of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. Samples were taken during the post-weaning period.

Isolation of Lawsonia intracellularis specific single-chain Fv antibody fragments from phage display library.

Single-chain antibodies (scFv) exhibiting specific binding to Lawsonia intracellularis were isolated from a phagemid library expressing scFvs molecules on the surface of filamentous bacteriophages. For scFv selection whole bacterial cells were used and individual clones were tested in ELISA test. The total of seven unique clones with different fingerprint profiles was isolated.

Recombinant single chain Fv antibodies specific for glycoprotein D of equid herpesvirus 1.

Single chain Fv (scFv) molecules generated by phage-display technology represent a new and efficient tool in the research and diagnostics of infectious diseases. The recombinant glycoprotein D of Equid herpesvirus 1 was successfully expressed in E. coli cells.

Expression of porcine circovirus 2 ORF2 gene requires codon optimized E. coli cells.

Expression and purification of whole and nuclear localization signal (NLS) deleted ORF2 capsid protein of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is demonstrated in the present study. Gene coding for both protein forms were cloned into pDest17 vector and expressed in BL21 (DE3)AI cells and in BL21-CodonPlus (DE3)-RIPL E. coli cells.

Isolation and partial characterization of equine herpesvirus type 1 in Czechia.

Equine herpesvirus type 1 was determined as the etiological cause of an abortion storm in Czechia in 2003 after the virus strain was isolated from aborted fetus and identified by serological means and by PCR technique. Cloning and sequencing of the glycoprotein D confirmed the identity of the isolates and showed molecular relationships to known EHV-1 strains. Comparison of glycoprotein D sequences with corresponding sequence of EHV-1 reference strains (Kentucky-A and Ab1) revealed high nucleotide homology.