Hypoalbuminemia Reflects Nutritional Risk, Body Composition and Systemic Inflammation and Is Independently Associated with Survival in Patients with Colorectal Cancer.

It has long been recognized that albumin has prognostic value in patients with cancer. However, although the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition GLIM criteria (based on five diagnostic criteria, three phenotypic criteria and two etiologic criteria) recognize inflammation as an important etiologic factor in malnutrition, there are limited data regarding the association between albumin, nutritional risk, body composition and systemic inflammation, and whether albumin is associated with mortality independent of these parameters. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between albumin, nutritional risk, body composition, systemic inflammation, and outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).

The relationship between body mass index, sex, and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing potentially curative surgery for colorectal cancer.

Background: There is increasing evidence that an increased BMI is associated with increased complications after surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the basis of this relationship is not clear. Since men and women have different fat distribution, with men more likely to have excess visceral fat in BMI defined obesity, there may be a sex difference in the surgical site infection (SSIs) rate in the obese.

The relationship between body mass index and short term postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing potentially curative surgery for colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide over the last few decades, and is a well-recognized risk factor for colorectal cancer. Surgical site infection is the most frequent complication following surgery for colorectal cancer, and the main cause of postoperative morbidity. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the relationship between increasing BMI and postoperative surgical site infection following surgery for colorectal cancer.

Erythrocyte concentrations of B1, B2, B6 but not plasma C and E are reliable indicators of nutrition status in the presence of systemic inflammation.

Background & Aim: There is increasing evidence that the plasma concentration of vitamin D, carotenoids, zinc and selenium are associated with the magnitude of the systemic inflammatory response. In order to examine whether other vitamins may be affected and whether red cell concentrations are less affected by systemic inflammation the aim of the present study was to examine the effect of the systemic inflammatory response on red cell measurements of vitamins B1, B2 and B6, and plasma concentration of vitamin C and E in a large cohort of patients referred for a nutritional screen.

Methods: Patients referred for nutritional assessment of B1 (n = 551), B2 (n = 251), B6 (n = 313), ascorbic acid (n = 494) and α-tocopherol (n = 395) concentrations.

The role of perineural invasion in predicting survival in patients with primary operable colorectal cancer: A systematic review.

Perineural invasion is a clear route for cancer cell spread however, the role of nerves in cancer progression is relatively unknown. Recent work would suggest that nerves can actively infiltrate the tumour microenvironment and stimulate cancer cell growth. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to systematically review the identification and associations of perineural invasion and survival in patients with primary operable colorectal cancer.

Assessment of asymmetrical dimethylarginine metabolism in patients with critical illness.

Background: Critically ill patients experience metabolic disorders including hypercatabolic state and hyperglycaemia, and these are associated with poor outcome. Hyperglycaemia and asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) are reported to have significant influences on endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between plasma ADMA and related arginine metabolism in patients with critical illness.

Comparison of Methods to Identify Lymphatic and Blood Vessel Invasion and their Prognostic Value in Patients with Primary Operable Colorectal Cancer.

Background/aim: Lymphatic and blood vessel invasion are important independent prognostic factors in colorectal cancer, but identification of the separate components remains difficult. The aim of the present study was to compare routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and elastica staining with immunohistochemistry using D2-40 and CD31.

Materials And Methods: A total of 75 surgical specimens of colorectal cancer were examined for blood and lymphatic vessel invasion, by comparing stains.

The role of tumour budding in predicting survival in patients with primary operable colorectal cancer: a systematic review.

Tumour budding reflects a detachment of tumour cells at the invasive front of carcinomas and is presumed to be an early step in the metastatic process. Tumour budding has received some attention in colorectal cancer as it has been proposed as an additional prognostic factor in colorectal cancer that may stratify patients into risk categories. The purpose of the review was to examine (1): The different methods of detection using either routine stains (H&E) or immunohistochemistry; (2): to compare studies that examined the different methods used to identify tumour budding; and (3) to examine the impact of tumour budding on survival in primary operable colorectal cancer.

The effect of the systemic inflammatory response on plasma vitamin 25 (OH) D concentrations adjusted for albumin.

Background: Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) deficiencies are associated with several diseases. The magnitude of systemic inflammatory response, as evidenced by C-reactive protein (CRP), is a major factor associated with lower 25(OH)D. Other aspects of the systemic inflammatory response may be important in determining plasma 25 (OH)D concentrations.

Assessment of plasma and red cell trace element concentrations, disease severity, and outcome in patients with critical illness.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to examine the value of both plasma and red cell trace element measurements when assessing nutritional status in patients with critical illness.

Materials And Methods: A total of 125 patients who were admitted to intensive care unit with evidence of systemic inflammatory response as per Bone's criteria were recruited. Venous blood samples were obtained from all on admission and, in 31 of the 125 patients, on approximately days 4 and 7.

The relationship between lymphocyte subsets and clinico-pathological determinants of survival in patients with primary operable invasive ductal breast cancer.

Background: The importance of lymphocyte subtypes in determining outcome in primary operable ductal invasive breast cancer remains unclear. The aim of present study was to examine the relationship between tumour lymphocyte subsets infiltrate and standard clinico-pathological factors and survival in patients with primary operable invasive ductal breast cancer.

Methods: The analysis of the inflammatory cell infiltrate, including lymphocyte subtypes, was undertaken using immunohistochemical techniques and visual quantitative and semi-quantitative techniques in 338 patients with ductal breast cancer.

The relationship between components of tumour inflammatory cell infiltrate and clinicopathological factors and survival in patients with primary operable invasive ductal breast cancer.

Background: The importance of the components of host local inflammatory response in determining outcome in primary operable ductal invasive breast cancer is not clear. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between components of the tumour inflammatory cell infiltrate and standard clinicopathological factors including hormone status (oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2), Ki-67 and survival in patients with primary operable invasive ductal breast cancer.

Methods: Tumour inflammatory cell infiltrate, hormone status (ER, PR and HER-2), Ki-67 and standard clinicopathological factors were determined using routine pathological and immuno-histochemical techniques in 468 patients.

Comparison of visual and automated assessment of Ki-67 proliferative activity and their impact on outcome in primary operable invasive ductal breast cancer.

Background: Immunohistochemistry of Ki-67 protein is widely used to assess tumour proliferation, and is an established prognostic factor in breast cancer. There is interest in automating the assessment of Ki-67 labelling index (LI) with possible benefits in handling increased workload, with improved accuracy and precision.

Patients And Methods: Visual and automated assessment of Ki-67 LI and survival were examined in patients with primary operable invasive ductal breast cancer.