A rapid, affordable, and reliable method for profiling microbiome biomarkers from fecal images.

Human and veterinary healthcare professionals are interested in utilizing the gut-microbiome as a target to diagnose, treat, and prevent (gastrointestinal) diseases. However, the current microbiome analysis techniques are expensive and time-consuming, and data interpretation requires the expertise of specialists. Therefore, we explored the development and application of artificial intelligence technology for rapid, affordable, and reliable microbiome profiling in rhesus macaques ().

Evaluation of bile acids and bilirubin in serum and abdominal fluid in dogs with abdominal effusion.

Objectives: Determine the utility of abdominal fluid bile acids concentration to diagnose biliary tract rupture and the utility of abdominal fluid-to-serum bilirubin ratio as diagnostic tools in dogs.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective pilot study. Canine serum and abdominal fluid samples were collected and submitted for the determination of bilirubin and bile acids concentrations between 2020 and 2022.

Expectation of antibiotics amongst owners of dogs and/or cats during non-routine visits to veterinary clinics in Singapore: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the factors associated with pet owners' expectations for receiving antibiotics for their pet dogs and/or cats and the factors associated with pets (dogs and/or cats) receiving antibiotics during non-routine veterinary clinic consultations in Singapore.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on consenting pet owners who attended 16 veterinary clinics in Singapore, between March and December 2023. An online survey measured participants' knowledge of antibiotic use, prior antibiotic use experience, expectation for antibiotics and receipt of antibiotics during the last non-routine clinic consultation for their pets.

Sedative effects of intramuscular alfaxalone-methadone-midazolam versus ketamine-methadone-midazolam in cats.

Objective: To assess depth and quality of sedation and the ability to place an intravenous catheter in cats after intramuscular (IM) injection with alfaxalone-methadone-midazolam (AMM) or ketamine-methadone-midazolam (KMM).

Study Design: Blinded randomized clinical trial.

Animals: A group of 46 healthy Domestic Short Hair cats.

Ontogeny shapes individual dietary specialization in female European brown bears (Ursus arctos).

Individual dietary specialization, where individuals occupy a subset of a population's wider dietary niche, is a key factor determining a species resilience against environmental change. However, the ontogeny of individual specialization, as well as associated underlying social learning, genetic, and environmental drivers, remain poorly understood. Using a multigenerational dataset of female European brown bears (Ursus arctos) followed since birth, we discerned the relative contributions of environmental similarity, genetic heritability, maternal effects, and offspring social learning from the mother to individual specialization.

Molecular survey of vector-borne agents in lowland tapirs (Tapirus terrestris) from Brazil reveals a new Anaplasma genotype.

Although vector-borne agents have been detected in different species of wild animals, studies involving tapirs (Tapirus terrestris), the largest land mammals in Brazil, are scarce. The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence and molecular identity of Anaplasmataceae agents, Coxiella burnetii and Hepatozoon spp. in blood samples of wild T.

Case series: Cervical far-lateral and combined cervical far lateral/foraminal intervertebral disk extrusions in 10 dogs.

Far-lateral intervertebral disk extrusions (IVDEs) have been reported infrequently in dogs in veterinary literature, mostly affecting the caudal lumbar intervertebral disks. We describe the clinical findings, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, treatment, and outcome in 10 dogs with cervical far-lateral IVDEs. Patient databases of 3 small animal hospitals and 1 veterinary teleradiology service were retrospectively searched for patients in which imaging studies (CT or MRI) identified the presence of intervertebral disk material outside the limits of the intervertebral foramen.

Challenges in oral health practice in Somalia: a call for regulatory strengthening and inclusion into primary healthcare services.

Background: Oral diseases remain a significant public health problem worldwide despite being largely preventable. Oral disorders such as dental caries, periodontal diseases, and oral cancers are highly prevalent chronic conditions that negatively impact quality of life. The oral health practice in Somalia has been evolving over the years, we therefore explored the challenges of oral health practice in a security-constrained poorly regulated environment to guide policy development.

Further Evidence of Anthropogenic Impact: High Levels of Multiple-Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Found in Neritic-Stage Sea Turtles.

Background/objectives: Marine turtles are globally threatened and face daily anthropogenic threats, including pollution. Water pollution from emerging contaminants such as antimicrobials is a major and current environmental concern.

Methods: This study investigated the phenotypic antimicrobial resistance and heavy metal resistance genes of 47 isolates from different stages of sea turtles (oceanic stage vs neritic stage) from the Taiwanese coast.

Biomechanical Evaluation of a Novel Ceramic Implant for Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture Treatment: A Finite Element Analysis Approach.

This research investigates the biomechanical effects of a novel ceramic implant for the treatment of canine cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) based on the tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) method using finite element analysis (FEA). A 3D FEA of the tibiofemoral joint simulating the applied forces (44.5% of body weight) during the mid-stance phase (joint angle 135°) of the dog's stride was performed.

Proteomic Profiling of COVID-19 Patients Sera: Differential Expression with Varying Disease Stage and Potential Biomarkers.

: SARS-CoV-2 is one of the viruses that caused worldwide health issues. This effect is mainly due to the wide range of disease prognoses it can cause. The aim of this study is to determine protein profiles that can be used as potential biomarkers for patients' stratification, as well as potential targets for drug development.

Treatment with Leflunomide in Conjunction with Glucocorticoids for Dogs with Immune-Mediated Polyarthritis Is Not Associated with Improved Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 93 Dogs from Australia (2017-2024).

Immune-mediated polyarthritis (IMPA) has a relatively high relapse rate compared to other immune-mediated diseases. Leflunomide is frequently used to treat dogs with IMPA in conjunction with prednisolone. This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of leflunomide as an adjunctive therapy to prednisolone in reducing relapse and mortality rates in dogs diagnosed with IMPA in Australia.

Diagnosis of naturally-occurring Cushing's syndrome by primary care veterinarians in selected European countries.

Background: Several tests are available to diagnose naturally-occurring Cushing's syndrome in dogs but there is a paucity of information on how primary care veterinarians (PCVs) use or interpret them.

Objectives: Determine how PCVs from selected European countries diagnose Cushing's syndrome in dogs.

Methods: Cross-sectional survey study assessing testing protocols used by PCVs for screening and differentiation of Cushing's syndrome.

Significance of incidentally identified bullae and blebs on thoracic computed tomography and prevalence of subsequent pneumothorax in dogs.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of incidentally found pulmonary bullae and blebs (PBBs) in a population of dogs undergoing thoracic computed tomography (CT) for reasons other than presence of pneumothorax and to determine the prevalence of subsequent spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) development.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Animals: A total of 30 dogs.

Minimally invasive technique to facilitate ultrasound-guided removal of migrating foreign bodies: eight cases (2022).

Objectives: Migrating foreign bodies is common in cats and dogs and can be challenging to retrieve. The aim of this study is to describe a minimally invasive ultrasound-guided technique for the removal of migrating foreign bodies.

Materials And Methods: Cases were retrospectively recruited from a single referral hospital.

Burnout among veterinary anaesthesia specialists: time to 'rock the boat' (part 1).

Objective: To determine the prevalence of burnout among veterinary anaesthesia specialists and explore correlations with sociodemographic variables.

Study Design: Cross-sectional, online, anonymous, voluntary survey.

Population: A total of 530 worldwide veterinary anaesthesia specialists affiliated to American (ACVAA) and/or European (ECVAA) Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia Colleges.

Epicardial pacemaker placement in cats is associated with resolution of clinical signs and excellent quality of life.

Objective: To describe complications and outcomes in cats undergoing epicardial pacemaker (EP) implantation for artificial cardiac pacing and to investigate improvement in clinical signs and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) following surgery.

Methods: 39 client-owned cats that underwent EP placement. Medical records of 4 UK-based referral hospitals were searched and data reviewed retrospectively between July 2010 and December 2022.

Prophylactic antibiotic use is common in dogs and cats presenting for procedures at veterinary referral dental practices.

Objective: Antimicrobial stewardship is critical for the prevention of antimicrobial resistance. A lack of prescribing guidelines makes overprescribing in veterinary dentistry likely and represents an opportunity for improvement of stewardship practices. This study described prescribing practices of residency-trained and board-certified veterinary dentists for dogs and cats undergoing dental procedures.

Horse Diagnosis and Triage Accuracy of GPT-4o.

Animal owners may increasingly rely on large language models for gathering animal health information alongside internet sources in the future. This study therefore aims to provide initial results on the accuracy of ChatGPT-4o in triage and tentative diagnostics, using horses as a case study. Ten test vignettes were used to prompt situation assessments from the tool, which were then compared to original assessments made by a veterinary specialist for horses.

Effect of Cranial Cruciate Ligament Transection during TPLO on Patellar Desmitis in Dogs with Partial Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture.

Objective:  The aim of this study was to assess the protective effect of transecting a partially ruptured cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) during tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) surgery on postoperative patellar ligament thickness (PLT) and shortening.

Study Design:  Dogs with partial CCL rupture that underwent a unilateral TPLO were included. The population was divided into two groups: remnant CCL transected (study group) and left in situ (control group).

Outcome and Complications Following Medial Patellar Luxation Corrective Surgery with Tibial Tuberosity Transposition Using a Locking Plate and a Pin Fixation: 45 Unilateral and 20 Single-Session Bilateral Procedures.

Objectives:  To evaluate the outcome and complications in dogs with medial patellar luxation (MPL) undergoing tibial tuberosity transposition (TTT) with a locking plate and pin fixation (Plate-Pin).

Methods:  This retrospective multicenter study included 65 consecutive MPL stifle surgeries using tibial tuberosity (TT) fixation with a 5-hole locking plate and a pin. The median weight of the dogs was 6.

A pilot study investigating serum carnitine profile of cats with preclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

This study aimed to prospectively investigate the hypothesis that myocardial energy metabolism changes in the early stages of feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) by evaluating the blood carnitine profiles. Fourteen client owned cats with HCM stage B1 and 22 clinically healthy cats were included in this study. Total-carnitine, free-carnitine, acylcarnitine, and acylcarnitine/free-carnitine ratio (AF ratio) in serum were measured in both groups.