5,130 results match your criteria: "Veterinary School[Affiliation]"

Unlabelled: Effective and safe foraging requires animals to behave according to the expectations they have about the rewards, threats, and costs in their environment. Since these factors are thought to be reflected in the animals' affective states, we can use foraging behavior as a window into those states. In this study, rats completed a foraging task in which they had repeatedly to decide whether to continue to harvest a food source despite increasing time costs, or to forgo food to switch to a different food source.

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Purpose: To study the in vivo safety and effectiveness of a novel radiopaque nonadhesive polyacrylate (PA) peripheral liquid embolic system (AMBER SEL-P) relative to ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH, Onyx) in a healthy swine endovascular model.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-five swine underwent rete mirabile and bilateral kidney embolization with PA or EVOH and were followed up for 24 hours (n = 5) and 30 days (n = 10), and 3 (n = 10) months. Angiographic features (penetrability, radiopacity, catheter entrapment, fragmentation, occlusion, and vasospasm) were evaluated.

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A sensitive immunoassay for the quantitation of Pig-MAP in pig saliva samples.

Res Vet Sci

November 2024

BioVetMed Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain. Electronic address:

The purpose of the study is to develop a sensitive assay for the proper quantification of the acute phase protein Pig-MAP in pig saliva samples. A time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (TR-IFMA) was developed using two pig-MAP-specific monoclonal antibodies. The limit of detection of the assay was 4 ng/mL, enough to measure pig-MAP concentration in saliva.

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Alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (AMPT) is a reversible inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis. This study aimed to determine whether AMPT could reduce dopamine concentrations in horses. Six healthy adult Standardbred geldings were administered AMPT (40 mg/kg BW, orally) or placebo in a randomised crossover study design.

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The effect of midline shift on survival time in dogs with structural brain disease diagnosed on MRI.

Vet Radiol Ultrasound

January 2025

Department of Veterinary Medicine, Queen's Veterinary School Small Animal Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Article Synopsis
  • * Out of the dogs, 52% had a midline shift, which corresponded to a significantly shorter median survival of 34.5 days compared to 241 days for those without a shift.
  • * The results suggest that midline shift serves as a negative prognostic factor in diagnostic imaging for dogs, impacting outcomes regardless of the underlying cause of brain disease.
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Phenotypic variation in the lipopolysaccharide O-antigen of Salmonella Paratyphi A and implications for vaccine development.

Vaccine

December 2024

Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Human Immunology Laboratory, IAVI, London, UK.

Enteric fever remains a major public health problem in South and Southeast Asia. The recent roll-out of the typhoid conjugate vaccine protecting against S. Typhi exhibits great promise for disease reduction in high burden areas.

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Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an infectious disease currently spreading worldwide and poses a serious global threat. However, there is limited evidence and understanding to support the use of models to inform decision-making in LSD outbreak responses. This review aimed to identify modelling approaches that can be used before and during an outbreak of LSD, examining their characteristics and priorities, and proposing a structured workflow.

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Blastocystis occurrence and subtype diversity in European wild boar (Sus scrofa) from the Iberian Peninsula.

Vet Res

October 2024

Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.

Article Synopsis
  • The rise in wild boar populations in Europe is leading to increased human-wildlife conflicts and the potential for spreading diseases, particularly the protist Blastocystis, which can cause gastrointestinal issues in both animals and humans.
  • A study was conducted on 459 wild boar faecal samples from Spain and Portugal, revealing a 15.3% overall Blastocystis infection rate, with a significantly higher prevalence in Portugal (34.3%) compared to Spain (10.0%).
  • Seven different Blastocystis subtypes were found, with ST5 being the most common, indicating that wild boars can be significant carriers of zoonotic pathogens that may pose public health risks.
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  • A study was conducted to investigate the presence and characteristics of Staphylococcus spp. in both hospitalized and non-hospitalized cats, focusing on methicillin-resistant strains.
  • A total of 218 swabs were taken from 109 cats, and various identification and genetic analysis techniques were used to isolate and categorize the bacteria.
  • The findings indicated that S. felis was most common in non-hospitalized cats, while MRS strains such as MRSH and MRSP were primarily found in hospitalized ones, with factors like antibiotic use, hospitalization, and comorbidities linked to higher prevalence rates.
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  • Farmers are being asked to use fewer antibiotics on their sheep to help fight the problem of germs becoming resistant to medicine.
  • This study looked at 22 sheep farms in Wales to find out if different types of farms had different levels of antibiotic use and health practices.
  • It found that farms that didn't follow good practices for treating lame sheep had more health problems and used more antibiotics than farms that did follow the best practices.
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Tolfenpyrad Derivatives Exhibit Potent -Specific Antibacterial Activity without Toxicity to Mammalian Cells .

ACS Infect Dis

November 2024

Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32608, United States.

Tularemia is a deadly disease caused by , an emerging intracellular bacterial pathogen that can be disseminated rapidly through aerosols and vector-borne transmission. Recent surveillance data demonstrate an increasing incidence in several countries. Although clinical isolates of strains are sensitive to currently used antibiotics, engineered or horizontal acquisition of antibiotic resistance is a constant threat to public health.

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Cyclodextrin-Cholesterol Alone or in Combination With Cyclodextrin-Vitamin E Improves Bull Sperm Cryopreservation in a Soybean Lecithin Extender.

Reprod Domest Anim

October 2024

Department of Veterinary Sciences, Laboratoire Environnement, Santé et Production Animale (LESPA), Institute of Veterinary Sciences and Agronomic Sciences, University of Batna 1, Batna, Algeria.

Combining cholesterol-loaded methyl-β-cyclodextrin (CD-CHL) with vitamin E-loaded methyl-β-cyclodextrin (CD-Vit E) to combat cold shock and oxidative stress during sperm cryopreservation in soybean lecithin extenders remains unexplored. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the effect of treating bull sperm with CD-CHL and CD-Vit E prior to cryopreservation in a soybean lecithin extender. Sperm collected from eight fertile bulls were pooled and split into six aliquots.

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High prevalence of antibodies against feline calicivirus in Australian feral and stray cat (Felis catus) populations.

Aust Vet J

November 2024

Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Introduction: Feline calicivirus (FCV) commonly causes upper respiratory tract, oral and ocular infections in species of the family Felidae, with high prevalence amongst domestic cat (Felis catus) populations worldwide. Detection of FCV-specific antibodies in serum provides evidence of previous infection with FCV and an indication of whether a cat may be protected against clinical FCV disease. This study describes the most extensive sampling for anti-FCV antibodies in feral and stray cat populations in Australia, and examines variation in prevalence associated with cat age, sex and location.

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Choosing the optimal combination of lung lobe evaluation during focused pulmonary ultrasonography in calves.

J Dairy Sci

January 2025

Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) significantly affects mortality, animal welfare, and production efficiency on farms, and this study focuses on optimizing the use of pulmonary ultrasonography for diagnosis in calves.
  • The research involved evaluating the diagnostic effectiveness of targeted lung ultrasonography on specific lung lobes compared to comprehensive scanning, using data from 193 Holstein and 112 Angus calves.
  • Findings suggested that the right cranial lobe, especially in combination with either the left cranial lobe or middle lobe, provided the best sensitivity (over 94%) for diagnosing lung consolidation in various prevalence scenarios.
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Global Distribution and Diversity of Haloarchaeal pL6-Family Plasmids.

Genes (Basel)

August 2024

Computational Systems Biochemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.

Australian isolates of , a square-shaped haloarchaeon, often harbor small cryptic plasmids of the pL6-family, approximately 6 kb in size, and five examples have been previously described. These plasmids exhibit a highly conserved gene arrangement and encode replicases similar to those of betapleolipoviruses. To assess their global distribution and recover more examples for analysis, fifteen additional plasmids were reconstructed from the metagenomes of seven hypersaline sites across four countries: Argentina, Australia, Puerto Rico, and Spain.

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Avian Pathogenic (APEC) is an extraintestinal pathotype of that leads to a range of clinical manifestations, including respiratory, systemic and reproductive infections of chickens in both egg and meat production. Unlike most pathotypes, APEC is not defined by specific virulence genes but rather is a collection of several distinct genotypes that can act as both primary and secondary pathogens leading to colibacillosis. Recent measures to reduce antimicrobials both as growth promoters and as flock-level therapeutics are considered to have led to increased numbers of animals affected.

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Expanded gene and taxon sampling of diplomonads shows multiple switches to parasitic and free-living lifestyle.

BMC Biol

September 2024

Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská, Branišovská 1160/31, 2, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic.

Article Synopsis
  • Diplomonads are a group of anaerobic flagellates that include both host-associated species, like parasites in the intestines, and free-living species found in anoxic environments.
  • Research shows that free-living diplomonads are evolutionarily linked to their host-dependent relatives, suggesting that they may have reverted from a parasitic lifestyle back to free-living, which is a rare evolutionary event.
  • New phylogenomic analyses reveal multiple branches of free-living diplomonads within host-associated species, highlighting the need for a better understanding of their evolutionary transitions.
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  • Brucella suis infection in dogs is a growing concern globally, necessitating specific management due to zoonotic and animal welfare risks.
  • This study evaluated the effectiveness of three serological tests (RBRPT, CFT, C-ELISA) on 989 dog serum samples to diagnose Brucella suis, using advanced statistical techniques to interpret results.
  • Results showed that while all tests are useful for detecting B. suis antibodies, they should not be used alone; their accuracy depends on the likelihood of the disease based on the dog's background and clinical signs.
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Saliva as a Potential Source of Biomarkers in Cows with Metritis: A Pilot Study.

Vet Sci

September 2024

Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), Department of Animal Medicine & Surgery, Veterinary School, Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.

Metritis affects 5-20% of cows after parturition, negatively impacting animal welfare and the profitability of dairy farms, increasing culling rates and costs, and decreasing productivity and reproduction rates. This study compared the results of a comprehensive biochemical panel consisting of 25 salivary and 31 serum analytes between healthy cows ( = 16) and cows with metritis ( = 12). Descriptive parameters such as depression, rectal temperature, body condition score (BCS), heart rate, respiratory rate, mucous color, ruminal motility, vaginal discharge, milk production, and complete hematology analyses were also assessed for comparative purposes.

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Paratuberculosis (PTB), caused by subspecies (MAP), is a chronic disease with economic impact on ruminant farming worldwide. The Canary Islands count with the fourth largest goat population in Spain and are "officially free" of bovine tuberculosis. Twelve farms were included with 2774 serum samples tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of anti-MAP antibodies in two sessions.

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Genome sequence of strain G3, a member of a bacterial consortium capable of polyethylene degradation.

Microbiol Resour Announc

November 2024

Division Biodeterioration and Reference Organisms, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Berlin, Germany.

A consortium of landfill bacteria including strain G3 can break down polyethylene, a long-lasting plastic that accumulates in the environment. The complete genome sequence of strain G3 was determined by PacBio and Nanopore sequencing and consists of three circular replicons. Genome-based classification assigned strain G3 to the species .

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Article Synopsis
  • Tympanokeratomas (cholesteatomas) are harmful growths in the middle ear and are often surgically treated; this study focuses on using non-EP diffusion-weighted MRI for diagnosis in dogs.
  • The research involved analyzing 62 dog ears diagnosed with either tympanokeratomas or other types of otitis media, with non-EP DWI achieving a detection accuracy of 77.4% and ADC values ranging between 517 to 2447 mm/s.
  • A specific ADC cut-off value of 916 mm/s was found to effectively indicate tympanokeratomas, providing a combined 80.9% accuracy when considering both qualitative DWI images and ADC maps.
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Purpose: Theileriosis in cattle has a significant economic implication for dairy production globally. Thus, it is crucial to investigate the prevalence of bovine theileriosis, the causative agent and genotypes of Theileria species in dairy cattle in the Kurunegala District in the Intermediate zone, where the third largest population of dairy cattle in Sri Lanka is present and experienced a substantial reduction in the cattle population recently.

Methods: Sixty blood samples and background data were collected from three dairy farms in Galpokuna (n = 20), Koulwewa (n = 20), and Andigama (n = 20) areas.

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Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a protocol in which topical products (DOUXO S3 CALM Shampoo and Mousse; Ceva Santé Animale) containing Ophytrium were applied to cats to help manage feline atopic syndrome (FAS).

Methods: A total of 23 client-owned cats with a history of FAS and presenting irritated skin and pruritus were recruited for this study. The cats were either shampooed or moussed on day 0 (D0) and then moussed every 48-72 h for 3 weeks.

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Early Oxidative Stress May Prevent a Red Ornament From Signaling Longevity.

J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol

January 2025

Evolutionary Ecology Department, National Museum of Natural Sciences-The Spanish National Research Council (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.

Harsh early environmental conditions can exert delayed, long-lasting effects on phenotypes, including reproductive traits such as sexual signals. Indeed, adverse early conditions can accelerate development, increasing oxidative stress that may, in turn, impact adult sexual signals. Among signals, colorations produced by red ketocarotenoids seem to depend on mitochondrial functioning.

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