Identification of cutaneous arteries of the perineal and caudal thigh region: A cadaveric study in 12 cats.

Objective: To describe the location of the dorsal perineal artery in cats and identify landmarks for axial pattern flaps based on this vessel.

Study Design: Anatomic study.

Animals: Twelve feline cadavers.

Presumptive iatrogenic hypoadrenocorticism induced by high-dose ketoconazole administration in a dog.

A 11-year-old male neutered Shih Tzu was referred to a tertiary facility with a history of weight loss, decreased appetite, polydipsia, and lethargy. The dog had a 10-year history of nonspecific allergic dermatitis and was being treated with 16 mg/kg of ketoconazole q12h for Malassezia dermatitis. Vague gastrointestinal signs, hypocholesterolemia, and lack of a stress leukogram increased suspicion for hypoadrenocorticism (HA).

Canine Snake-Eye Myelopathy: Clinical, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Pathologic Findings in Four Cases.

Intramedullary signal change (ISC) is a non-specific finding that is frequently observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of the canine spinal cord. ISC can represent a variety of primary pathological processes such as neoplasms or myelitides or secondary changes such as edema, cysts, gliosis, or myelomalacia. An unusual phenotype of ISC is the "snake-eye" myelopathy (SEM), which refers to bilaterally symmetric T2 hyperintensities preferentially affecting the ventral horn gray matter on transverse MR images, which resemble a pair of snake's eyes.

A systematic review and meta-analyses of the association between 4 mycoplasma species and lower respiratory tract disease in dogs.

Background: The pathogenic role of mycoplasmas in the lower respiratory tract (LRT) of dogs is debated, because mycoplasmas can be isolated from both healthy and sick dogs.

Objectives: To critically assess available data from controlled observational studies on the role of 4 mycoplasma species in LRT disease of dogs.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analyses.

Prognostic and predictive significance of KIT protein expression and c-kit gene mutation in canine cutaneous mast cell tumours: A consensus of the Oncology-Pathology Working Group.

One of the primary objectives of the Oncology-Pathology Working Group (OPWG), a joint initiative of the Veterinary Cancer Society and the American College of Veterinary Pathologists, is for oncologists and pathologists to collaboratively generate consensus documents to standardize aspects of and provide guidelines for oncologic pathology. Consensus is established through critical review of peer-reviewed literature relevant to a subgroup's particular focus. Subsequent acceptance and approval of the document by the OPWG membership at large establishes consensus.

Clinical outcomes after common calcanean tendon rupture repair in dogs with a loop-suture tenorrhaphy technique and autogenous leukoreduced platelet-rich plasma.

Objective: To report outcomes of dogs with common calcanean tendon (CCT) ruptures treated with a platelet-rich plasma (PRP) enhanced nonabsorbable loop-suture technique.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: Client-owned dogs (n = 12).

Lessons Learned from a Pilot Study Implementing a Team-Based Messaging Application (Slack) to Improve Communication and Teamwork in Veterinary Medical Education.

Communication skills are paramount for a successful veterinary curriculum. Technological advances have improved communication processes, and the way instruction is delivered. Yet, with these advances come challenges such as email overload, increased interruptions, and miscommunications.

A QIL1 Variant Associated with Ventricular Arrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac Death in the Juvenile Rhodesian Ridgeback Dog.

The gene produces a component of the Mitochondrial Contact Site and Cristae Organizing System that forms and stabilizes mitochondrial cristae junctions and is important in cellular energy production. We previously reported a family of Rhodesian Ridgebacks with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Here, we performed whole genome sequencing on a trio from the family.

Taurine deficiency and dilated cardiomyopathy in golden retrievers fed commercial diets.

Introduction: Golden retrievers are over-represented in cases of taurine-deficient dilated cardiomyopathy and recently a surge in cases has prompted further investigation.

Objective: To describe the clinical, dietary, and echocardiographic features in golden retrievers diagnosed with taurine deficiency and dilated cardiomyopathy, and to determine specific dietary associations. A second aim was to determine the whole blood taurine concentrations in a representative sample of healthy golden retrievers.

An ex vivo comparison of cuffed endotracheal tubes and self-sealing baffled endotracheal tubes.

AIMS To compare cuffed silicone endotracheal tubes with self-sealing baffled silicone endotracheal tubes in an ex vivo canine tracheal model, to determine whether the tubes differed in their maintenance of a seal and their effectiveness in removing fluid from the tracheal lumen, and whether the self-sealing endotracheal tubes would release pressure when a closed anaesthetic circuit reached ≥30 cm HO. METHODS Twelve cadaver tracheae were randomly selected to be intubated with either cuffed or self-sealing baffled endotracheal tubes. To test tracheal seal efficacy, the tracheae were positioned vertically, 5 mL of water was instilled proximal to the tube cuff or baffles and they were monitored for leakage at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes, recording the total volume leaked.

Postsurgical Outcome in Cats with Exocrine Pancreatic Carcinoma: Nine Cases (2007-2016).

Feline exocrine pancreatic carcinoma has been reported to be an aggressive tumor with a high metastatic rate and poor prognosis. Studies reporting long-term outcome of cats after surgical removal of solitary pancreatic carcinomas are rare, due to the uncommon diagnosis and paucity of cats who undergo treatment. In this study, nine cases of feline exocrine pancreatic carcinoma from seven academic and private practice veterinary hospitals were reviewed to examine the outcome in cats undergoing surgical removal of the mass.

Managing Canine Aggression in the Home.

Canine aggression occurring in the home can be a dangerous diagnosis with costly consequences to all members of the household. Management is a key modality in the treatment of canine aggression in the home. A thorough history will detail each trigger, target, and context and allow for the veterinary team to put together a comprehensive management plan.

Checkpoint molecule expression by B and T cell lymphomas in dogs.

Immunotherapies targeting checkpoint molecule programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) protein were shown to be effective for treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in people, but little is known about the expression of PD-1 or its ligand PD-L1 by canine lymphoma. Therefore, flow cytometry was used to analyse expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in canine lymphoma, using fine-needle aspirates of lymph nodes from 34 dogs with B cell lymphoma (BCL), 6 dogs with T cell lymphoma (TCL) and 11 dogs that had relapsed. Furthermore, fine-needle aspirates were obtained from 17 healthy dogs for comparison.

Effects of Toceranib Phosphate on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis in Tumor-Bearing Dogs.

Background: Thyroid dysfunction is associated with the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in people.

Hypothesis/objectives: To determine whether dysfunction in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis occurs in dogs receiving the TKI, toceranib phosphate.

Animals: Forty-three client-owned dogs with cancer.

In Vitro Evaluation of Evacuated Blood Collection Tubes as a Closed-Suction Surgical Drain Reservoir.

The initial negative pressures of evacuated blood collection tubes (EBCT) and their in vitro performance as a rigid closed-suction surgical drain (CSSD) reservoir has not been evaluated in the scientific literature despite being described in both human and veterinary texts and journals. The initial negative pressures of EBCT sized 3, 6, 10, and 15 mL were measured and the stability of the system monitored. The pressure-to-volume curve as either air or water was added and maximal filling volumes were measured.

Median sternotomy versus intercostal thoracotomy for lung lobectomy: A comparison of short-term outcome in 134 dogs.

Objective: To compare short-term outcomes between dogs undergoing lung lobectomy via median sternotomy (MS) or intercostal thoracotomy (ICT).

Study Design: Retrospective case control study.

Methods: Medical records of dogs that underwent lung lobectomy via MS or ICT at a single institution were reviewed for demographics, intraoperative findings, and postoperative management and outcomes.

Retinal astrocytoma in a dog.

A miniature schnauzer dog presenting with hyphema and glaucoma of the right eye had a retinal neoplasm. Neoplastic cells stained positively for glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin, and S-100 and largely negatively for oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 by immunohistochemistry. The clinical and histopathological features of canine retinal astrocytomas are discussed.

Limbal xanthogranuloma in a dog.

A 10-year-old female spayed American Pitt Bull Terrier was presented with a slow growing mass on the temporal limbus area of the right eye. Canine nodular granulomatous episclerokeratitis was suspected, and the affected eye was treated with 1% prednisolone acetate ophthalmic suspension and 0.03% Tacrolimus ophthalmic solution.

Outcome following treatment of feline gastrointestinal mast cell tumours.

Prognosis of feline gastrointestinal mast cell tumours (FGIMCT), based on limited available literature, is described as guarded to poor, which may influence treatment recommendations and patient outcome. The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical findings, treatment response, and outcome of FGIMCT. Medical records of 31 cats diagnosed with and treated for FGIMCT were retrospectively reviewed.

Tethered cord syndrome with spina bifida aperta in cats: two case reports of different types.

Case Summary: Two castrated male cats, aged 8 months old (case 1) and 10 months old (case 2), showed a history of progressive paraparesis, an over-reaching pelvic limb gait, urinary incontinence and a palpable dermoid fistula. In case 1, the fistula was connected to the dural sac on the conus medullaris, and the tethered spinal cord was retracted caudally. In case 2, the tubular structure was connected to the dural sac on the thoracic spinal cord, and the tethered spinal cord was retracted dorsally.

Debromoaplysiatoxin as the Causative Agent of Dermatitis in a Dog after Exposure to Freshwater in California.

Contamination of recreational waters with cyanobacterial toxins continues to increase and presents a risk to animals and humans. Although cases of acute hepato- and neurotoxicoses in dogs following cyanotoxin exposure exist, no reports of skin-related reactions in dogs exist. A 5-year-old female spayed 34 kg Bracco Italiano was initially presented for rapid onset of severe pruritus and urticaria.

Geographical differences in survival of dogs with non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with a CHOP based chemotherapy protocol.

Background: In humans geographical differences in the incidence and presentation of various cancers have been reported. However, much of this information has not been collected in veterinary oncology.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine if a geographic difference in progression free survival exists for dogs with lymphoma treated within the US.

Alternating Rabacfosadine/Doxorubicin: Efficacy and Tolerability in Naïve Canine Multicentric Lymphoma.

Background: Standard of care treatment for multicentric lymphoma in dogs remains doxorubicin (DOX)-based combination chemotherapy, but owners may hesitate to commit the time and financial resources to complete such a protocol, typically requiring 12-16 visits. Rabacfosadine (RAB), a double prodrug of the nucleotide analog 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl) guanine, has substantial single-agent activity in dogs with lymphoma, and a different mechanism of action than DOX.

Hypothesis/objectives: Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy and adverse effect (AE) profile of alternating doses of RAB and DOX in dogs with naïve multicentric lymphoma.

Multidrug Analyses in Patients Distinguish Efficacious Cancer Agents Based on Both Tumor Cell Killing and Immunomodulation.

The vision of a precision medicine-guided approach to novel cancer drug development is challenged by high intratumor heterogeneity and interpatient diversity. This complexity is rarely modeled accurately during preclinical drug development, hampering predictions of clinical drug efficacy. To address this issue, we developed Comparative In Vivo Oncology (CIVO) arrayed microinjection technology to test tumor responsiveness to simultaneous microdoses of multiple drugs directly in a patient's tumor.

The effect of polydioxanone hemicerclage suture on the occurrence of fracture during tibial tuberosity advancement with an elongated bi-directional hinged osteotomy.

Objective: To investigate the effect of hemicerclage suture on the occurrence of fractures during advancement of an elongated bi-directional hinged osteotomy (EBHO) for tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) in dogs.

Study Design: Experimental ex vivo study.

Animals: Canine cadavers (n = 14) METHODS: A uniform EBHO was performed in 28 cadaveric hind limbs (n = 28) from 14 skeletally mature, medium-sized, mixed breed dogs.