Red foxes () and raccoon dogs () as potential spreaders of species.

Background: includes a global group of apicomplexan parasites with two-host life cycle frequently circulating in wildlife and domestic hosts, including humans. Two of the most important wild terrestrial carnivores acting as definitive hosts are the red fox and raccoon dog, due to their wide distribution in Europe and usage of wild and farmed animals as prey. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of in hunted red foxes and raccoon dogs from nine regions of the Czech Republic and to identify isolated sporocysts by molecular techniques.

High pathogenic avian influenza A(H5) viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b in Europe-Why trends of virus evolution are more difficult to predict.

Since 2016, A(H5Nx) high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus of clade 2.3.4.

Accidental salinomycin intoxication in European fallow deer ( L.).

Salinomycin, belonging to ionophore antibiotics, has been used as a feed additive for poultry for its coccidiostatic effect. Poisoning by ionophore antibiotics has been reported in cattle and other sensitive animals due to the replacement of medicated feed and/or accidental overdoses. The aim of this paper is to report the toxicity of salinomycin for fallow deer and to describe the different levels of sensitivity of cervids to this substance.

Enzootic Circulation, Massive Gull Mortality and Poultry Outbreaks during the 2022/2023 High-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza H5N1 Season in the Czech Republic.

In 2022/2023, Europe experienced its third consecutive season of high-pathogenicity avian influenza. During this period, the Czech Republic was again severely affected. For the first time, the number of culled birds approached one million, which was three times higher than in previous seasons.

The Tengmalm's owl (Aves, Strigidae) as the definitive host of sp. nov. (Apicomplexa).

Background: Owls have been reported as definitive hosts, whereas wild small mammals (naturally and experimentally) as intermediate hosts of several species of . Recently, dead fledglings were found infected by an unnamed species of since its intermediate host was unknown. After collecting additional samples of owls and wild small mammals, the present study focused on elucidating the identity, potential intermediate host, and complete life cycle of the found through experimentally infected rodents.

A comparison of different detection techniques for 137Cs measurements of cattle in vivo.

Agricultural lands with farm animals (e.g. cattle) can be significantly affected by radioactive contamination following nuclear or radiation accidents.

Antibodies against Sensu Lato in Clinically Healthy and Sick Horses: First Report from the Czech Republic.

Lyme disease, caused by some strains of bacterial spirochetes sensu lato (sl), affects humans but also domestic animals including horses. The primary pathogens in horses in Europe are , and sensu stricto. To our knowledge, there are no data available on the seropositivity of s.

Question of agent of camel balantidiosis solved: Molecular identity, taxonomic solution and epidemiological considerations.

Domestic camels (Camelus bactrianus, the Bactrian camel; and Camelus dromedarius, the dromedary) are pseudo-ruminant herbivores kept as livestock in rural, inhospitable regions (cold deserts and dry steppes of Asia, arid to semi-arid regions of Africa, western and central Asia). Their close contact with humans makes them a potential reservoir for zoonotic parasite infections, as has been suggested for human balantidiasis. However, there is confusion about the ciliate species that infects camels: Infundibulorium cameli was originally described in dromedaries, but this name has almost never been used and most authors identified their findings as Balantioides coli and, to a lesser extent, Buxtonella sulcata, a cattle ciliate.

sp. nov. in the imported green tree python cf. (Reptilia, Pythonidae).

Species of use various vertebrates as intermediate or definitive hosts in their life cycles. One of these is snakes, whose role as intermediate hosts for these protozoans is scarce; in fact, there are six records, but only three with molecular characterization. An imported green tree python was involved in the morphological and molecular characterization (four loci) of a new species of localized in skeletal muscles.

A global genomic analysis of Salmonella Concord reveals lineages with high antimicrobial resistance in Ethiopia.

Antimicrobial resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Concord (S. Concord) is known to cause severe gastrointestinal and bloodstream infections in patients from Ethiopia and Ethiopian adoptees, and occasional records exist of S. Concord linked to other countries.

Detection of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in animals from three zoos in Slovakia.

The aim of this study was to detect antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in exotic animal species kept in three zoos in Slovakia. Antibodies to T. gondii and N.

Genotype Diversity, Wild Bird-to-Poultry Transmissions, and Farm-to-Farm Carryover during the Spread of the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 in the Czech Republic in 2021/2022.

In 2021/2022, the re-emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) occurred in Europe. The outbreak was seeded from two sources: resident and reintroduced viruses, which is unprecedented in the recorded history of avian influenza. The dominant subtype was H5N1, which replaced the H5N8 subtype that had predominated in previous seasons.

Disentangling the role of poultry farms and wild birds in the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in Europe.

In winter 2016-7, Europe was severely hit by an unprecedented epidemic of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs), causing a significant impact on animal health, wildlife conservation, and livestock economic sustainability. By applying phylodynamic tools to virus sequences collected during the epidemic, we investigated when the first infections occurred, how many infections were unreported, which factors influenced virus spread, and how many spillover events occurred. HPAIV was likely introduced into poultry farms during the autumn, in line with the timing of wild birds' migration.

White-tailed eagle () as the definitive host of in the Czech Republic.

The white-tailed eagle, , has been involved in the life cycle of several species as the intermediate and definitive host. To date, it has been supposed that the eagle might play the role as the definitive host for . , and, herein, we tried to elucidate it based on morphometric and molecular analyses.

Genotype Uniformity, Wild Bird-to-Poultry Transmissions, and Farm-to-Farm Carryover during the Spread of the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N8 in the Czech Republic in 2021.

In 2020-2021, the second massive dissemination of a highly pathogenic avian influenza of the H5Nx subtype occurred in Europe. During this period, the virus caused numerous outbreaks in poultry, including in the Czech Republic. In the present study, we provide an insight into the genetic variability of the Czech/2021 (CZE/2021) H5N8 viruses to determine the relationships between strains from wild and domestic poultry and to infer transmission routes between the affected flocks of commercial poultry.

Has Epizootic Become Enzootic? Evidence for a Fundamental Change in the Infection Dynamics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Europe, 2021.

Phylogenetic evidence from the recent resurgence of high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus subtype H5N1, clade 2.3.4.

Reverse-zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 lineage alpha (B.1.1.7) to great apes and exotic felids in a zoo in the Czech Republic.

We report an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 lineage alpha in gorillas and felid species in a zoo in Prague, Czech Republic. The course of illness and clinical signs are described, as are the results of characterization of these particular SARS-CoV-2 variants by next-generation sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The putative transmission routes are also discussed.

Further data on the distribution of Dirofilaria spp. in the Czech Republic in dogs.

Based on previously published data, the Czech Republic is regarded an endemic country of the onchocercid nematodes Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856) and Dirofilaria repens Railliet et Henry, 1911. Nevertheless, while cases of D. repens are commonly reported from dogs in South Moravia, no recent records of D.

A new clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza genotype detected in Europe in 2021.

Despite their widespread distribution, only a single genotype variant of clade 2.3.4.

Canine Distemper Virus in Wild Carnivore Populations from the Czech Republic (2012-2020): Occurrence, Geographical Distribution, and Phylogenetic Analysis.

Canine distemper is a highly contagious viral disease in carnivores and represents a serious threat for both wild and domestic animals. The aim of our study was to monitor the occurrence of the canine distemper virus in wildlife from the Czech Republic, reveal the H gene heterogeneity in positive samples and perform subsequent phylogenetic analysis. In total, 412 wild animals of 10 species were included in the study: 219 red foxes (), 79 European badgers (), 47 European otters (), 40 stone martens (), 10 pine martens (), 7 raccoons (), 5 undetermined martens ( sp.

Role of three bird species in the life cycle of two spp. (Apicomplexa, Sarcocystidae) in the Czech Republic.

Birds are one of the groups involved in the development of Lankester (1882), serving either as intermediate or definitive hosts. The white-tailed sea eagle (Linnaeus, 1758), red kite (Linnaeus, 1758) (both Accipitriformes) and common starlings Linnaeus, 1758 (Passeriformes) were examined to elucidate their participation in the development of , as well as to determine the specific identity of the parasites based on morphological and especially molecular analyses. In 2020-2021, one white-tailed eagle, one red kite and five common starlings were parasitologically examined for the presence of using flotation centrifugation coprological method and by wet mounts of intestinal mucosa scrapings and/or muscle samples.

Molecular Identification of sp. (Apicomplexa, Sarcocystidae) in Offspring of Tengmalm's Owls, (Aves, Strigidae).

Birds act as intermediate or definitive hosts of cyst-forming coccidia parasites of the genus Lankester, 1882. However, the spectrum of species of in birds and the role of the latter in the transmission of coccidia are still incomplete for many avian species, including the Tengmalm's owl (Linnaeus, 1758). During the research on Tengmalm's owls in Finland, some fledglings were found dead and subsequently parasitologically examined.

Baylisascaris transfuga (Ascaridoidea, Nematoda) from European brown bear (Ursus arctos) causing larva migrans in laboratory mice with clinical manifestation.

Due to the recent recovery of brown bear populations in Central Europe, information about their ascarid parasite, Baylisascaris transfuga is necessary as the parasite represents a part of natural ecological networks. B. transfuga can lead to larva migrans syndrome in accidental hosts, but its zoonotic potential has not been confirmed.