Pediatric Leptospirosis: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Leptospirosis, a zoonosis, is characterized by a wide range of clinical and laboratory findings, varying from self-limiting infection to potentially fatal disease. Leptospirosis-related clinical manifestations, except for Weil's disease, may often be overlooked due to their nonspecificity in children. Additionally, many health-care professionals lack awareness of leptospirosis.

The Effect of Di (2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate on Hair Trace Mineral Levels in Rats.

We studied the effect of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on rat hair deposition of Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), and Zinc (Zn). Four groups, each of eight of female Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g, were randomly distributed to (1) control (corn oil-based diet), (2) DEHP 20 (20 mg DEHP per kg body weight (bw), (3) DEHP 100 (100mg DEHP kg/bw, and (4) DEHP 500 (500 mg DEHP kg/bw). The diets were fed daily for 14 days by gastric gavage before the rats were sacrificed.

Adjuvant potency of Astragaloside VII embedded cholesterol nanoparticles for H3N2 influenza vaccine.

Adjuvants are substances that increase the immune response to a given antigen. In the development of novel vaccine adjuvants/systems, saponins are one of the most attractive molecules due to their altered immunomodulatory activities. In this study, we tried to develop PEG (polyethylene glycol)/cholesterol-based lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to deliver the Astragaloside VII (AST-VII) and potentiate adjuvant properties of AST-VII for the influenza vaccine.

Development of adjuvant nanocarrier systems for seasonal influenza A (H3N2) vaccine based on Astragaloside VII and gum tragacanth (APS).

Adjuvants are chemical/biological substances that are used in vaccines to increase the immunogenicity of antigens. A few adjuvants have been developed for use in human vaccines because of their limitations including lack of efficacy, unacceptable local or systemic toxicity, the difficulty of manufacturing, poor stability, and high cost. For that reasons, novel adjuvants/adjuvant systems are under search.

Serological and Molecular Detection of Species in Stray Dogs and Investigation of DNA by PCR in Turkey.

Background: and are the most common species of filarial nematodes described in the dogs. A single-step multiplex PCR was applied to detect and differentiate simultaneously and unequivocally and on DNA extracted from canine peripheral blood and besides to detect the seroprevalance of by ELISA in Elazig Province, Turkey. A PCR detection of the , which plays an important role in biology and contributes to the inflammatory pathology of the heartworm, was also applied for the first time in Turkey.

Development and validation of glycoprotein-based native-subunit vaccine for fish against Aeromonas hydrophila.

Aeromonas hydrophila is known to be causative agent of an infection named as Bacterial haemorrhagic septicaemia or red pest in freshwater fish. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the glycoprotein-based fish vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila. For this aim, after identification and characterization of A.

Identifying main drivers and testing control strategies for CCHFV spread.

Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is an emerging zoonotic disease. The causative agent is a virus (CCHFV), mainly transmitted by ticks of the species Hyalomma marginatum in Eastern Europe and Turkey. In order to test potential scenarios for the control of pathogen spread, the basic reproduction number (R0) for CCHF was calculated.

West Nile Virus Infection in Horses: Detection by Immunohistochemistry, In Situ Hybridization, and ELISA.

This study describes the clinicopathologic findings in naturally occurring West Nile virus (WNV) infection in horses. WNV was diagnosed in a foal by immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization methods, and the presence of WNV antibodies was detected in 5 other horses with clinical signs suggestive of WNV infection. At necropsy of the foal, lymph nodes were edematous and enlarged, and the intestines showed diffuse congestion and focal hemorrhages.

Morphological characteristics of renal artery and kidney in rats.

The gross anatomy and morphometry of the kidney and renal arteries were studied in the strains of laboratory rat: Sprague-Dawley (Sp) and Wistar (W) rats. Total of 106 three-dimensional endocasts of the intrarenal arteries of kidney that were prepared using standard injection-corrosion techniques were examined. A single renal artery was observed in 100% of the cases.

Detection of bovine torovirus in fecal specimens from calves with diarrhea in Turkey.

Bovine torovirus (BToV), a member of the family Coronaviridae, is an established gastrointestinal infectious agent in cattle. In this study, we performed a survey to detect BToV in Turkey between 2009 and 2011 using 235 fecal samples from neonatal calves with diarrhea that were analyzed by the nested reverse transcription (RT) PCR method using primers located in the consensus sequences of the BToV membrane (M) gene. The BToV M gene was detected in 4.

A Report on Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus in Turkey: Antigenic Variations of Different Strains of EFV in the 1985 and 2012 Outbreaks Using Partial Glycoprotein Gene Sequences.

We described the aetiological agents of outbreaks of bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) that occurred in 1985 and 2012 in Turkey, and identify mutations in the viruses from both outbreaks. Outbreaks have emerged periodically every 4-5 years in the same regions in Turkey. Because these regions are located in a subtropical climatic zone, good conditions for vector populations exist.

Determination of sulphonamide residues in cattle meats by the Charm-II system and validation with high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.

The purpose of this study was determination of sulphonamide residues (sulphanilamide, sulphadiazine, sulphathiazole, sulphamerazine, sulphamethazine, sulphamethoxazole, and sulphadimethoxine) in cattle meat by the Charm II technique and the validation of sulphonamide levels by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). Of 157 meat samples, 9 samples (5.73%) were found positive by the Charm II method.

Effects of rearing systems on performance, egg characteristics and immune response in two layer hen genotype.

White (Lohmann LSL) and Brown (ATAK-S) laying hens, were reared under organic and conventional cage rearing systems, and the effects of the rearing system on performance parameters, egg production, egg characteristics, and immune response were investigated. For this purpose, a total of 832 laying hens of two commercial hybrids, i.e.

Report of the first meeting of the middle East and eastern europe rabies expert bureau, istanbul, Turkey (june 8-9, 2010).

Rabies is a threat in all parts of the world where animal reservoirs persists, including Eastern Europe and the Middle East. Rabies experts from seven Middle East and Eastern European countries (Croatia, Egypt, Georgia, Iran, Serbia, Turkey, and Ukraine) met for two days in Istanbul, Turkey (June 8-9, 2010), to exchange information on the epidemiological situation concerning human and animal rabies in their respective countries and to discuss strategies for rabies elimination and control. They decided to establish a regional network, the Middle East and Eastern Europe Rabies Expert Bureau (MEEREB), a regional network of experts, to increase collaboration in rabies prevention and control at the local, regional, and global levels.

Macroscopic description of the coronary arteries in Swiss albino mice (Mus musculus).

A total of 25 (13 male, 12 female) adult, healthy Swiss albino mice were used to investigate the origin, course and anastomoses of coronary arteries. Coloured latex was injected into the aortic arch to enable these arteries to be clearly discerned. A.

The detection and genetic characterization based on the S1 gene region of BCoVs from respiratory and enteric infections in Turkey.

We investigated bovine coronavirus (BCoV) as an etiological agent in cattle with clinical respiratory and digestive signs using 147 feces and 199 nasal swab samples. A total of 18 test samples (16 feces and 2 nasal swap samples) were detected positive by ELISA and/or RT-PCR targeting the BCoV N gene. The partial S1 gene regions of BCoVs (An-4 and An-11) detected in feces samples from two herd-mate dairy calves were compared.

Genetic analysis of four human rabies cases reported in Turkey between 2002 and 2006.

Rabies remains endemic in many regions of Turkey. As a consequence, humans are at risk of this fatal disease through encounters with rabid animals. The present study describes four recent cases of rabies in humans.

Capripoxvirus G-protein-coupled chemokine receptor: a host-range gene suitable for virus animal origin discrimination.

The genus Capripoxvirus within the family Poxviridae comprises three closely related viruses, namely goat pox, sheep pox and lumpy skin disease viruses. This nomenclature is based on the animal species from which the virus was first isolated, respectively, goat, sheep and cattle. Since capripoxviruses are serologically identical, their specific identification relies exclusively on the use of molecular tools.

Antimicrobial susceptibilities, phage types, and molecular characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis from chickens and chicken meat in turkey.

Thirty-eight Salmonella Enteritidis isolates from chickens and chicken meat in Turkey were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility, XbaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns, phage types, plasmid profiles, and resistance genes. Seven different PFGE patterns were observed, with the most common accounting for 71% (X1). The most common phage type was PT4, followed by PT7, PT16, PT1, PT6, and PT35.

Cross-sectional survey on helminth infections of chickens in the Samsun region, Turkey.

A cross-sectional survey was performed to determine the prevalence and intensity of helminth infections in 185 chickens from nine districts in the Samsun region, northern Turkey between July 1999 and June 2000. In total, 88% of 83 scavenging chickens and 4% of 52 layers from laying batteries were infected, but none of the 50 broilers harboured helminths in the alimentary tract or trachea. The difference in prevalence was statistically significant among broilers, layers from laying batteries and scavenging chickens.

Molecular genetic characterization of different isolates of Echinococcus granulosus in east and southeast regions of Turkey.

We used PCR-RFLP analysis of ribosomal ITS1 fragment using four different restriction enzymes and DNA sequencing of mitochondrial CO1 gene to investigate the genetic characteristics of isolates of Echinococcus granulosus obtained from different hosts (179 sheep, 19 cattle, 7 goat, 1 camel, 1 dog and 1 human) and regions (Elazig, Malatya, Erzurum, Van, Diyarbakir and Sanliurfa) of Turkey. The report represents the most comprehensive genotypic investigation of E. granulosus isolates undertaken in Turkey, with Turkish samples of cattle, goat, camel and dog origin being characterized for the first time.

Variability in the Echinococcus granulosus cytochrome C oxidase 1 mitochondrial gene sequence from livestock in Turkey and a re-appraisal of the G1-3 genotype cluster.

Investigations into the genetic strains of Echinococcus granulosus parasites occurring in sheep and cattle in Turkey were undertaken. A total of 112 hydatid cysts were investigated from sheep (100 isolates) derived from widely distributed sites within Turkey as well as from cattle (12 isolates) from the Turkish province of Kars. The parasite genotypes in these isolates were determined by DNA sequencing of part of the mitochondrial Cytochrome C oxidase 1 (cox1) gene.