Comparative Analysis of Methicillin-Resistant Prevalence and Resistance Patterns in Canine and Feline Clinical Samples: Insights from a Three-Year Study in Germany.

The emergence of methicillin-resistant (MRSP) presents a significant public health concern globally, particularly within veterinary medicine. MRSP's resistance to multiple antibiotics is limiting treatment options and potentially leading to severe infections in companion animals. This study aimed to understand antimicrobial resistance in dogs and cats, focusing on MRSP resistance patterns and its prevalence in Germany.

Comparison of morphological and molecular Strongylus spp. identification in equine larval cultures and first report of a patent Strongylus asini infection in a horse.

Background: Surveillance of Strongylus vulgaris and other Strongylus spp. in equids is important for targeted intervention in parasite control, requiring reliable routine diagnostic methods.

Objectives: Comparing morphological examination and PCR analyses of larval cultures to identify Strongylus spp.

Prevalence of MRSA in canine and feline clinical samples from one-third of veterinary practices in Germany from 2019-2021.

Background: MRSA is a major contributor to AMR-related deaths. The WHO's global action plan emphasizes a One Health approach, acknowledging the connection between humans and their companion animals. It is agreed on that comprehensive AMR surveillance is needed.

Unraveling the role of γδ T cells in the pathogenesis of an oncogenic avian herpesvirus.

Marek's disease virus (MDV) is an oncogenic alphaherpesvirus that causes deadly lymphomas in chickens. In chickens, up to 50% of all peripheral T cells are gamma delta (γδ) T cells. Until now, their role in MDV pathogenesis and tumor formation remains poorly understood.

Fate of florfenicol and linezolid resistance genes and their bacterial hosts during two waste treatment models in swine feedlots.

Florfenicol resistance genes (FRGs) are widely present in livestock farms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the removal efficiencies of FRGs as well as the relationships between FRGs, mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and bacterial communities during the natural drying (ND) and anaerobic digestion (AD) processes of manure treatment in swine farms by combining bacterial isolation, quantitative PCR and metagenomic approaches. Solid manure showed a higher abundance of FRGs than fresh manure and was the main contamination source of fexA and fexB in ND farms, whilst biogas slurry displayed a lower abundance of FRGs than the wastewater in AD farms.

Impact of viral telomeric repeat sequences on herpesvirus vector vaccine integration and persistence.

Marek's disease virus (MDV) vaccines were the first vaccines that protected against cancer. The avirulent turkey herpesvirus (HVT) was widely employed and protected billions of chickens from a deadly MDV infection. It is also among the most common vaccine vectors providing protection against a plethora of pathogens.

Faecal egg count reduction tests and nemabiome analysis reveal high frequency of multi-resistant parasites on sheep farms in north-east Germany involving multiple strongyle parasite species.

Anthelmintic resistance in sheep parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes is widespread and a severe health and economic issue but prevalence of resistance and involved parasite species are unknown in Germany. Here, the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was performed on eight farms using fenbendazole, ivermectin and moxidectin and on four farms using only moxidectin. A questionnaire was used to obtain data on management practices to potentially identify risk factors for presence of resistance.

A Theileria annulata parasite with a single mutation, methionine 128 to isoleucine (M128I), in cytochrome B is resistant to buparvaquone.

Tropical theileriosis is a fatal leukemic-like disease of cattle caused by the tick-transmitted protozoan parasite Theileria annulata. The economics of cattle meat and milk production is severely affected by theileriosis in endemic areas. The hydroxynaphtoquinone buparvaquone (BPQ) is the only available drug currently used to treat clinical theileriosis, whilst BPQ resistance is emerging and spreading in endemic areas.

Macrolide resistance in isolates associated with bovine respiratory disease from the German national resistance monitoring program GE-Vet 2009 to 2020.

Data collected from the German national resistance monitoring program GE-Vet showed slowly increasing prevalence of macrolide resistance among bovine respiratory disease (BRD)-associated from cattle over the last decade. The focus of this study was to analyze the genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the prevalence of multidrug-resistance (MDR)-mediating integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) in 13 German BRD-associated isolates collected between 2009 and 2020 via whole-genome sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed via broth microdilution according to the recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute for the macrolides erythromycin, tilmicosin, tulathromycin, gamithromycin, tildipirosin, and tylosin as well as 25 other antimicrobial agents.

Identification of ISVlu1-derived translocatable units containing optrA and/or fexA genes generated by homologous or illegitimate recombination in Lactococcus garvieae of porcine origin.

The optrA gene encodes an ABC-F protein which confers cross-resistance to oxazolidinones and phenicols. Insertion sequence ISVlu1, a novel ISL3-family member, was recently reported to be involved in the transmission of optrA in Vagococcus lutrae. However, the role of ISVlu1 in mobilizing resistance genes has not yet fully explored.

Repeated Cross-Sectional Survey of Ectoparasites in Sheep from Central Tunisia: Does Low Prevalence Indicate Good Hygiene or Resistance to Ectoparasites?

Sheep ectoparasites such as chewing lice, fleas and ticks are serious constraints to sheep productivity and are the cause of skin lesions in animals that decrease their market value. This study aims at investigating the ectoparasite fauna infesting small ruminants in the district of Sidi Bouzid (central Tunisia). A total of 1243 Barbarine and Queue Fine de l'Ouest (QFO) sheep were examined every two months for one year.

Antibacterial Activity of Microbial Natural Products against Bacterial Pathogens of Veterinary and Zoonotic Relevance.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is considered one of the greatest threats to both human and animal health. Efforts to address AMR include implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs and introducing alternative treatment options. Nevertheless, effective treatment of infectious diseases caused by bacteria will still require the identification and development of new antimicrobial agents.

Molting incidents of Hyalomma spp. carrying human pathogens in Germany under different weather conditions.

Background: Hyalomma marginatum and H. rufipes are two-host tick species, which are mainly distributed in southern Europe, Africa to central Asia but may also be found in Central and Northern Europe through introduction by migratory birds.

Methods: Ticks were collected while feeding or crawling on animals and humans, or from the environment, in different regions in Germany, between 2019 and 2021 in a citizen science study and from 2022 to 2023 in the wake of this study.

In vitro infection of bovine erythrocytes with Theileria annulata merozoites as a key step in completing the T. annulata life cycle in vitro.

Theileria annulata is a protozoan parasite with a complex life cycle involving a bovine host and a tick vector. It is transmitted by Hyalomma ticks and is the causative agent of tropical theileriosis, a debilitating and often fatal disease in southern Europe, northern Africa and large parts of Asia. Understanding the biology of different life cycle stages is critical for the control of tropical theileriosis and requires the use of experimental animals which poses an ethical concern.

Impact of air humidity on the tenacity of different agents in bioaerosols.

Despite the variety of pathogens that are transmitted via the airborne route, few data are available on factors that influence the tenacity of airborne pathogens. In order to better understand and thus control airborne infections, knowledge of these factors is important. In this study, three agents, S.

Transcriptional Host Responses to Infection with in a Porcine Precision-Cut Lung Slice Model: Between-Strain Differences Suggest Association with Virulence Potential.

is a porcine and zoonotic pathogen in the upper respiratory tract, expressing different capsular serotypes and virulence-associated factors. Given its genomic and phenotypic diversity, the virulence potential of cannot be attributed to a single factor. Since strong inflammatory response is a hallmark of infection, the objective of this study was to investigate the differences in transcriptional host responses to two serotype 2 and one serotype 9 strains.

Molecular Characterization of Chimeric Strains from Waterfowl.

is a versatile pathogen that does not only occur in humans but also in various wild and domestic animals, including several avian species. When characterizing isolates from waterfowl, isolates were identified as atypical CC133 by DNA microarray analysis. They differed from previously sequenced CC133 strains in the presence of the collagen adhesin gene ; some also showed a different capsule type and a deviant type.

In vitro feeding of all life stages of two-host Hyalomma excavatum and Hyalomma scupense and three-host Hyalomma dromedarii ticks.

Ticks are blood-sucking ectoparasites and can transmit various pathogens of medical and veterinary relevance. The life cycle of ticks can be completed under laboratory conditions on experimental animals, but the artificial feeding of ticks has attracted increased interest as an alternative method. This study represents the first report on the successful in vitro feeding of all life stages of two-host tick species, Hyalomma scupense and Hyalomma excavatum, and the three-host tick Hyalomma dromedarii.

Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from nares of ruminants.

Aims: To examine the diversity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from nasal swabs of ruminants in Rwanda.

Methods And Results: A total of 454 nasal swabs from 203 cows, 170 goats, and 81 sheep were examined for the presence of S. aureus, and 30 S.

Evaluation of a Method for Standardized Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing with Field Isolates.

Organizations like the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) or the European Committee of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) provide standardized methodologies for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of a wide range of nonfastidious and fastidious bacteria, but so far not for spp. of animal origin. Recently, a proposed method for the standardized broth microdilution testing of using commercial Sensititre microtiter plates was presented.

Stability of Feline Coronavirus in aerosols and dried in organic matrices on surfaces at various environmental conditions.

Enveloped respiratory viruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can be transmitted through aerosols and contact with contaminated surfaces. The stability of these viruses outside the host significantly impacts their transmission dynamics and the spread of diseases. In this study, we investigated the tenacity of Feline Coronavirus (FCoV) in aerosols and on surfaces under varying environmental conditions.